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Without using a calculator, find the values of the following expressions. [Nos. 27–30]
1 2
− −
121 2 432 3
27. 28.
25 250
1
256 4 3
512
29. 30.
81
1
343 3
Simplify the following expressions and express the answers with positive indices. [Nos. 31–35]
1 1 3
− −
31. (a) (25a ) 3 2
a3 (b) 3
8x 2 x 4 (c) 4
16 y −3 3 y 4
36c 4 (5 m ) 3 3 − 27 p
32. (a) 1
(b) 1
(c)
− p −3
( −c 3 ) 5 (125m 2 ) 3
1
33. (a) a 2 3 a 4 a −1 (b) 3
k 2 ( k ) −3 k
1 1 1
−
2 )−3
(c) n3 n (3n
3 2
(d) h
5 2 2
( 4h ) (3 h ) 4
3 −3
a 2 3
b
34. (a) a (b) 1 b 2
3 2 −3
a b
2
2
4 x3 y2 3 −
1
35. (a) 3 x (b) y 2
x y −1
Simplify the following expressions and express the answers with positive indices. [Nos. 36–44]
1 3
−
a 2 3 b2 ( x 4 y 2 )2
36. (a) (b)
a 3b 4 x y
1 1
−
37.
4
a a 3 x2 y4
(a) (b)
x −1
3
b2 3
b5
3
y4
1 3
38. (a) a 3 (3 a 2b −1 ) 2 (b) x 2 y
−
2( x − 3 y 2 )3
2
2
2 −1 a 3b
39. (a) 3
hk
h − 3k 2
(b)
ab 2
3
1 2
−
40. (a) −2 3 3
(a b ) ab 2
(b) 3 2
x y −4
( x y)
2 3
3 1
41. (a) 4m n 4 3 −1 2 3
(m n ) (b) p 3q −1 3 8 p −2 q
1 1
−
a3 3 b 9m−3 n3 2
42. (a) 2 3 2 (b) 2
b a n5 m
3 1 1
a8 4 b 2 mn 2 2 m −2
43. (a) − 2 (b) 3 3
b 3 a2 m 8n
Let n be a rational number. Express the following expressions in the form ap, where a is a positive integer
and p is a rational number. [Nos. 45–62]
23n +1 271− n
45.
4n
46.
32 n + 2
6n 36n 5 52 n
47. 6 4 n+1
48. 25− n 5n
162n−1 92 n −1
53. 54. 3
26n+ 4 27 2 − n
2 n +1 32 n +1 − 32 n −1
57. 58.
2 n + 2 n −1 32 n
43n + 2 + 43n −1 6n −1 − 6n +1
59. 60.
43n +1 − 43n −1 6n +1 − 6n − 2
3(32 n ) + 9n 3(2n )3
61. 62.
2(3n )2 8 − 23n +1
n +1