S.

No STATE DANCE FORM

15. Madhya Pradesh Macha

Pandvan

Tertali

Charkula

Jawara

Grida dance

Gaur maria dance

S.No STATE DANCE FORM
16. Mizoram Chiraw (Bamboo Dance)
8. Haryana Swang
17. Manipur Dhol cholom
Khoria
Thang ta
Gugga dance
18. Maharashtra Lavani
S.No STATE DANCE FORM Loor
Lezim
1 Andhra Pradesh Kuchipudi Dhama
19. Odisha Savari
Kottam
9. Himachal Pradesh Luddi Dance
Ghumara
2 Assam Ojapali Munzra
Gotipua
Bihu Kanayala
20. Puducherry Garadi
Ankia Nat Giddha Parhaun
21. Punjab Bhangra
3 Arunachal Pradesh Lion and Peacock dance Hikat
Giddha
Chalo Jammu and Kashmir
10. Rouf
Jhumar
Popir Chakri
Malwai
Bardo Karnataka
11. Chham Yakshagana
Dhaman
Aji Lamu Bayalata
22. Rajasthan Ghumar
4 Bihar Jata Jatin Simha Nutrya
Gangaur
Faguna or Fag Dollu Kunitha
Kalbelia
Purbi Veeragase
Suisini
Bidesia
12. Kerala Chakiarkoothu
23. Sikkim Singhi chham
5 Chhatisgarh Panthi Kathakali
Yak Chaam
Raut Nacha Mohiniattam
Maruni
6 Gujarat Dandya Ras Ottam Thullal
Rechungma
Garba Lasya Nritya Chavittu Natakam
24. Tamil Nadu Bharatnatyam
Bhavai Kaikotti Kalai
Kolattam
Garba Koodiyattam
Kavadi
Rasila Krishnavattam
Karagattam
Trippan Mudiyettu
Theru koothu
7 Goa Fugdi Tappatri Kai
25. Telangana Lambadi
Dekhnni Theyyam
Perini Thandavam
Tarangamel
13. Jharkhand Karma
26. Tripura Hojagiri
Dhalo Lakshadweep
14. Lava
 Bathukamma: A folk dance of Andhra Pradesh.
 Bihu: Bihu is a folk dance from Assam. It is a very brisk and aggressive dance performed by both
boys and girls.
 Changu: The changu dance is a folk dance found in Odissa and Andhra Pradesh. It derives its
name from the changu, which is a simple tambourine (daf) that is used to accompany this dance.
 Dandaria: A folk dance of Andhra Pradesh.
 Dhamal: 1) A folk dance of Punjab. 2) A folk dance of Andhra Pradesh
 Gair: This is a dance of Rajasthan. It is performed by groups of dancers moving in and out with
an almost military precision.
 Garba: This is a folk dance from Gujarat. It is traditionally danced at marriages and during the
time of Navaratri.• Gatka: A folk dance utilising swords, daggers, or sticks performed in the Punjab
 Ghoomar: This is a folk dance of Rajasthan. It derives its name from its characteristic pirouettes.
 Gobbi: A folk dance of Andhra Pradesh.
 Karagam: This is a folk dance of Tamil Nadu. It is played with a pot balanced on the head.
 Raas: This is a folk dance from Gujarat. It is traditionally danced at marriages and during the time
of Navaratri.
 Yaksha Gana: This is a folk theatre from the south Indian state of Karnataka
 Dumhal: A folk dance of Kashmir.
 Padayani: Padayani is one of the most colourful and popular dances of Southern Kerala.
Padayani is associated with the festival of certain temples, called Padayani or Padden.
 DolluKunitha: DolluKunitha is a popular drum dance of Karnataka state.
 Lavani:Lavani is a folk dance of Maharashtra.
 Kathak:Kathak is a dance form basically from Uttar Pradesh.
 Bharatnatyam: It is the purest form of dancing in India, originated in Tamil Nadu. These three
concepts come into play in Bharatanatyam dance; bhava, thala and raga.
 Kuchipudi: It is a form of classical and folk dance that originated in Andhra Pradesh.
 Kathakali: Classical dance of kerela.
 Odissi: Folk dance performed in Orissa.
 Chau: A popular dance performed in Orissa, bihar and west Bengal
 Kalbelia, chari, fire, kacchi: Popular dance forms in Rajasthan.
 Dindi dance: performed in Maharashtra.
 Bhangra: This is a folk dance from the Northwest Indian state of Punjab. It is a lively, powerful
dance.

Study Notes on IMF and World Bank

The World Bank and the IMF performs different functions, but they are often confused with each other
either with reference to their functions or with their operation. We are therefore, trying to clearly mark the
points of difference between these two. You must remember that the name World Bank does not refers to
a bank in conventional sense (this is because it performs development function). And International
Monetary Fund or IMF performs the lending function (which we associate with banks).IMF and World
Bank.

History of IMF and World Bank:

•The Great Depression of 1930s led to failure of several economies as a result the gold standard for
valuation of currencies (where currencies were back by gold) dissipated.
•Nations raised trade barriers, and devalued their currencies to compete against each other, in the export
markets.
•These factors led to a decline in world trade, which caused high unemployment, and sharp drop in living
standards across many countries.
•The Bretton Woods Conference after World War II in 1944, established a new international monetary
system. C.D. Deshmukh was an Indian civil servant who represented India at the Bretton Woods
Conference in 1944. Also remember that he was the first Indian Governor of Reserve Bank of India(RBI).
•The international Bank for Reconstruction and Development (now called the World Bank) and the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) were established with different mandates.
•Both these IMF and World Bank are also known as ‘Bretton Woods Twins’.

Structure and Size of World Bank and IMF:

The World Bank:

•188 countries member.
•The World Bank has two major organizations in it: The International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development and the International Development Association (IDA).
•Headquarters: Washington, D.C.
•It has 7,000 staff members, and it is about 3 times as large as the IMF.

The International Monetary Fund:

•188 countries member.

•Headquarters: Washington, D.C.
•It has 2,300 staff members.

Functions of IMF & World Bank:

The World Bank functions:

•The World Bank promotes economic and social progress in developing countries. It helps these
countries to raise productivity to enable people to live a better and fuller life.
•Therefore, its primary mandate is to finance economic development.
The International Monetary Fund functions:
•The IMF is basically a lending institution which gives advances to members in need.
•It is the mentor of its members’ monetary and exchange rate policies.
•To maintain the stability in Exchange rate system around the World.

Operations of IMF and World Bank:

The World Bank operations:

•It works to encourage poor nations to develop, by providing technical assistance and funding for their
projects and that will help realize the nations’ economic potential.
•It endeavours to achievement direct involvement of the poor in the economic activity, through agriculture
and rural development, small-scale enterprises, and urban development lending.
•Since the World Bank’s lending decisions depend on the economic condition of the borrowing country, it
carefully analyses the economy and needs of the sectors for which lending is contemplated. These
studies help in formulation of an appropriate long-term development assistance strategy for the economy
of the concerned country.

The International Monetary Fund operations:

•It primarily urges its members to allow their currencies to be exchanged without any restriction for the
currencies of other member countries of IMF.
•The IMF supervises economic policies that influence the balance of payments in member’s’ economies.
This provides an opportunity for early warning of any exchange rate or balance of payments problem in its
member nations.
•It provides short- and medium-term financial assistance to its member nations which run into any
temporary balance of payments difficulties. This financial assistance involves the option of convertible
currencies to alter the affected member’s troubled foreign exchange reserves. It is done only in return for
that government’s promise to reform their economic policies that have caused the said balance of
payments problem.

Joint Military Exercise of India with other Countries: Study

Notes

Indian Defence Joint exercises

1. Navy
2. Air Force
3. Army.

Indian Navy Joint Exercises

 Varuna naval exercise is joint exercise of navies of France and India.
 SLINEX.-Sri Lanka India Naval Exercise
 INDRA is a joint, bi-annual military exercise conducted by India and Russia
 Exercise Malabar is a bilateral naval exercise involving the United States and India.
 Simbex - Indian Navy with Republic of Singapore Navy
 IBSAMAR with the Brazil and South African navies.
 KONKAN - A bilateral Naval Exercise between Indian Navy and Royal Navy of Britain
 AUSINDEX-Indian and Australian Navy Bilateral Maritime Exercise
 Sahyog-Kaijin -Joint exercise of Coast Guards of India and Japan
Indian Air Force Joint Exercises
 The joint India-UK air exercises are known as the “Indradhanush” or “Rainbow”.
 India-France Air Exercise “Garuda".
 Avia Indra-2014- the India-Russia maiden aerial exercise.
Indian Army Joint Exercises
 Mithra Shakti exercise- India and Sri Lanka.
 Hand-in-Hand. -India-China joint military training exercise
 Exercise Shakti - India and France armies
 Exercise Nomadic Elephant- Indian Army exercises with the Mongolian Army.
 Exercise YuddhAbhyas is a series of joint exercises between the Indian and United States
Armies since 2005.
 Surya Kiran - India Nepal joint military exercise
 LAMITYE- India and Seychelles

Programmes Targeting Poverty Alleviation in India: Study Notes

The history of preparing and implementing programmes targeting poverty alleviation in India has been
based on two levels:
 Programmes for Rural areas
 Programmes for Urban areas
However, most of the programmes addressing poverty alleviation are intended to target rural poverty as
the Poverty prevails on rural areas. It has been felt and realized by our policy makers that targeting
poverty in rural areas is the most challenging task due to many geographic and infrastructure limitations.
The programmes concerning alleviation of poverty can be summed up into five categories:

 Wage employment programmes,

 Sell-employment programmes,
 Food security programmes,
 Social security programmes and,
 Urban poverty alleviation programmes.
Immediately after acquiring independence the Government of India introduced Five Year Plans, which
concentrated on poverty alleviation through sect oral programmes. In order to address poverty the Five
Year Plan concentrated on agricultural production whereas through second and third plans the State put
its strength behind massive investments for employment generation in public sector. Although these
policies could not create a sweeping effect due to lack of strength, they did some policy generation.
Jawahar Gram SamridhiYojna (JGSY)
It is a restructured version of the erstwhile JawaharRojgarYojna (JRY). The program’s initiated on 1 April
1999, chief aim was the development of rural areas by creating infrastructures. These included
constructing road to connect village to different areas, making villages more accessible, establishing
schools and building hospitals.
The rather secondary objective of the JGSY was to provide sustained wage employment that was catered
to only below the poverty line (BPL) families. The fund, under JRSY, was to be disbursed for individual
beneficiary scheme for SCs and STs and 3% of the available fund for the establishment of obstruction
free infrastructure for the disabled people.
JSGY’s main component was village panchayats as they were one of the chief governing body of this
programme. It was done so because village panchayats were able to understand the needs of the people
of their areas and thus had the capacity to address them successfully.

National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS)

This scheme was first launched bearing the name as Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme
(IGNOPAS) that was a non-contributory old age pension scheme. The scheme was meant for Indians,
who were 60years or a part of the National Social Assistant Programme (NSAP) and was launched in
August 1995.
NOAPS was meant for the persons who could not earn for themselves and had no means of subsistence.
The pension of Rs. 200, provided under this scheme was to be given by the Central Government. The
responsibilities of the implementation of this scheme in States and Union Territories was imparted to
panchayats and municipalities. The amount of pension for the persons aged above 80 years had been
revised and fixed at Rs. 500 per month as was declared in 2011-2012 Budget.

National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS)

NFBS, launched in August1995, is sponsored by the state government as it was transferred to the state
sector in 2002-03. It tells under the community and rural development. This scheme is for BP families.
Under this scheme a sum of Rs. 2000 is provided to a person who, after the death of the primary
breadwinner of the family, becomes the head of the family.
The breadwinner has been defined, under the scheme, as a person, who is above 18 years and earns the
most for the family and on whose earnings the family survives.

National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS)

This scheme was a part of National Social Assistance Program and was activated in the period of 2002-
2007. Under this scheme a pregnant mother is provided a sum of Rs. 500 for the first two births. The
women have to be 19 years of age.

Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)

IRDP in India, it has been ascertained, is among the word’s most ambitious programmes associated with
the alleviation of rural poverty. It provides income-generated assets to the poorest of the poor. First
introduced in 1978-79 in some selected areas IRDP covered all areas by November 1980.
The main objective of IRDP has been to elevate identified of Below Poverty Line (BPL) by creating
sustainable opportunities for self-employment in the rural sector.
This programme is in function in all blocks of the country as a centrally sponsored programme funded on
50:50 basis by the centre and the states.
The target group under IRDP comprises of small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers and rural
artisans earning an annual income below Rs. 11,000; this sum has been defined as poverty line in the
Eight Plan.
For the implementation of this programme at the grassroots level, the block staff is responsible. At the
state level the IRDP is monitored by the State Level Coordinating Committee (SLCC) and the for the
release of the central share of the fund the Ministry of Rural Areas and Employment is responsible.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)

The NREGA Bill was notified in 2005 and came into force in 2006 and was further modified as Mahatma
Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2008.
This scheme guarantees 100 day of paid work to people living in rural areas. This programme, without
any doubt, has proved to be a major boost in the income of rural population of India.