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Specification for
BRITISH STANDARD

rivets for cold closing

Cold forged mild steel
BS 1109:1943
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BS 1109:1943

Co-operating organizations

The Mechanical Industry Committee under whose supervision this

British Standard was prepared consists of representatives from the following
Government Departments and Scientific and Industrial Organisations:

Admiralty* British Engineers’ Association

Crown Agents for the Colonies
Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research
High Commissioner for India*
Home Office
Ministry of Supply
Ministry of Transport
Ministry of Works and Buildings
War Office*
Agricultural and Road Machinery
Manufacturers’ Association
Association of Consulting Engineers
British Chemical Plant Manufacturers’
Association
British Compressed Air Society
British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers’
Association*
British Iron and Steel Federation*
British Marine Oil Engine Manufacturers’
Association
Engineering Insurance Companies
Institute of Marine Engineers
Institute of Petroleum
Institution of Automobile Engineers*
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Gas Engineers
Institution of Heating and Ventilating
Engineers
Institution of Mechanical Engineers*
Institution of Production Engineers
Locomotive Manufacturers’ Association
Machine Tool Trades Association
Railway Companies of Great Britain

The Government Departments and Scientific and Industrial Organisations

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marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were
directly represented on the Committee entrusted with the preparation of this
British Standard:

Ministry of Aircraft Production Locomotive Manufacturers’ Association

British Corporation Register of Shipping
and Aircraft
Bureau Veritas
British Aluminium Hollowware Manufacturers
Association
British Steel Wire Industries Association
Copper Development Association
North East Coast Institution of Engineers
and Shipbuilders
Railway Carriage and Wagon Builders and
Financiers Parliamentary Association
Small Rivet Association
Society of British Aircraft Constructors
Manufacturers of Rivets

This British Standard having

been approved by the
Mechanical Industry Amendments issued since publication
Committee and endorsed
by the Chairman of the
Engineering Divisional
Amd. No. Date Comments
Council, was published
under the authority of the
General Council on
14 March 1943

© BSI 12-1999

ISBN 0 580 34000 7

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BS 1109:1943

Contents

Page
Co-operating organizations Inside front cover
1 Quality of steel wire 1
2 Freedom from defects 1
3 Method of manufacture of the rivets 1
4 Test samples of wire for tensile and fracture tests 1
5 Tensile test 1
6 Cold bending and flattening test on rivets 1
7 Nicked fracture test 1
Appendix British Standard test piece B Inside back cover
Figure 1 1
Figure 2 1
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© BSI 12-1999 i
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BS 1109:1943

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

from legal obligations.
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Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 and 2, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.

ii © BSI 12-1999
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BS 1109:1943

1 Quality of steel wire
The wire from which the rivets are to be
manufactured shall be of mild steel suitable for cold
forging.
The wire shall show on analysis not more
than 0.050 per cent of sulphur or phosphorus.
The manufacturer of the rivets shall when
requested, supply to the purchaser an analysis of
the wire.
NOTE When the rivets are to be used in a fabrication in which
they will be considerably upset during closing, and which is to be
subsequently stove enamelled, the purchaser should furnish the
rivet supplier with adequate information to enable him to supply
rivets made from suitable steel. Some relaxation of the flattening
test in Clause 6 b) may be required in the case of such rivets and
such relaxation should be the subject of agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier.
2 Freedom from defects
The wire shall be free from cracks, surface flaws,
laminations and all other injurious defects.
3 Method of manufacture of the rivets
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NOTE Rivets manufactured from material of this quality will,
after cold closing in clearance holes in accordance with good
engineering practice, have a tensile strength of
approximately 5 tons per sq. in. above the tensile strength of the
annealed wire.
6 Cold bending and flattening tests on
rivets
Manufactured rivets selected from the bulk, shall
withstand the following tests:
a) The rivet shanks shall be bent cold, and
hammered until the two parts of the shank touch
in the manner shown in Figure 1, without
fracture on the outside of the bend. If the rivets
are too short for this test, the test shall be carried
out on test pieces from samples prepared in
accordance with Clause 4.
b) The rivet heads shall be flattened cold in the
manner shown in Figure 2, without cracking at
the edges. The head shall be flattened until its
diameter is 21/2 times the diameter of the shank.
The flattening test may be made with the rivet
supported in a hole in a die, or alternatively the

The rivets shall be made by the cold forging process. head of the rivet may be cut off and be separately
They shall be annealed or otherwise heat-treated at flattened.
the option of the manufacturer.

4 Test samples of wire for tensile and

fracture tests
The rivet manufacturer shall, when required by the
purchaser or his representative, provide samples of
the wire for testing in accordance with Clauses 5
and 7. A suitable test sample shall be annealed or
otherwise heat treated with each furnace load of
rivets.
The number of test samples shall be as follows: Figure 1 Figure 2
a) Samples for Bending and Flattening Tests. In
the case of rivets annealed in a continuous 7 Nicked fracture test
annealing furnace, three sets of samples shall be
Samples of wire prepared in accordance with
provided for each ton of rivets. In the case of Clause 4, and manufactured rivets selected from the
rivets annealed in a batch-type furnace, three bulk, shall withstand the following tests.
sets of samples shall be provided for each batch of
rivets annealed. a) Tests on Wire. The test pieces from the samples
of wire shall be nicked with a hacksaw to a depth
b) Samples for Tensile Tests on Wire. Two tensile
of one-third of the diameter, and shall withstand,
test samples shall be provided for each cast, or for
without fracture, being bent cold at the nick by a
each order of any one diameter of rivet. minimum number of blows through an angle of
not less than 90°, the blows being given in the
5 Tensile test direction which opens the nick.
Test pieces conforming to Standard test piece B,
from samples prepared in accordance with Clause 4,
shall show an ultimate tensile strength of not less
than 20 nor more than 25 tons per sq. in. with an
elongation of not less than 26 per cent.

© BSI 12-1999 1
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BS 1109:1943

b) Tests on Rivets. Before being tested, the rivets

shall, where practicable, be cold closed by being
upset to fill the hole in a split die. The diameter of
the hole in the die shall be larger than the
nominal diameter of the rivet shank by 11/16 in. in
the case of rivets 1/2 in. diameter and above, and
in the proportion of 1/8 in. per inch in the case of
rivets smaller than 1/2 in. diameter. The rivet
shall then be gripped in a vice by the pre-formed
head, the sides of which may be removed to
facilitate gripping, and shall be nicked with a
hacksaw immediately under the head to a depth
of one-third of the diameter. The rivet shall then
withstand, without breaking or exhibiting
evidence of brittleness, being bent cold at the nick
by a minimum number of blows until the axis of
the head makes an angle of not less than 45° with
the shank.
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2 © BSI 12-1999
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© BSI 12-1999
Appendix British Standard test piece B
BS 1109:1943
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BS 1109:1943

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