Licensed copy: The University of Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, Version correct as of 22/09/2010 05:04, (c)

BRITISH STANDARD BS 3410:1961

OBSOLESCENT
MAY 1986

Specification for

Metal washers —
For general engineering purposes
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UDC 621.882.4
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BS 3410:1961

Co-operating organizations

The Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee, under whose

supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives
from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial
organizations:
Admiralty*
Air Ministry
Associated Offices’ Technical Committee
Association of Consulting Engineers
(Incorporated)
British Chemical Plant Manufacturers’
Association
British Compressed Air Society
British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers’
Association*
British Engineers’ Association*
British Gear Manufacturers’ Association
British Internal Combustion Engine
Manufacturers’ Association*
British Iron and Steel Federation*
British Railways, The British Transport
Commission*
Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and
Administrations*
D.S.I.R. — National Engineering Laboratory
Electricity Council, The Generating Board and
the Area Boards in England and Wales
Engineering Equipment Users’ Association*
Gas Council
High Commission of India*
Institute of Marine Engineers
Institute of Petroleum
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Gas Engineers
Institution of Heating and Ventilating
Engineers
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
(Automobile Division)
Institution of Production Engineers*
Locomotive and Allied Manufacturers’
Association of Great Britain*
Machine Tool Trades Association*
Ministry of Labour (Factory Inspectorate)
Ministry of Power
Ministry of Transport
Ministry of Works
National Coal Board
National Physical Laboratory (D.S.I.R.)*
Radio Industry Council*
War Office*

The Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations

marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were
directly represented on the Committee entrusted with the preparation of this
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standard:
Agricultural Engineers’ Association
Black Bolt & Nut Association of Great Britain
Bright Bolt & Nut Manufacturers’ Association
Bright Steel Bar Association
British Constructional Steelwork Association
British Cycle & Motor Cycle Industries
Association Limited
Council of British Manufacturers of Petroleum
Equipment
Electronic Engineering Association
Heat Treated Bolt Association
Institute of Iron & Steel Wire Manufacturers
London Transport Executive, The British
Transport Commission
Ministry of Aviation
Oil Companies Materials Association
Post Office
Rolled Thread Screw Association
Screw Manufacturers’ Association
Society of Motor Manufacturers & Traders
Limited
Washer Manufacturers’ Association
Individual firms

This British Standard, having

been approved by the
Mechanical Engineering
Industry Standards Committee
and endorsed by the Chairman
of the Engineering Divisional
Council, was published under
the authority of the General
Council on
1 September 1961
Amendments issued since publication
© BSI 02-2000
Amd. No. Date Comments
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee references MEE/60
MEE/60/6
Draft for comment A(MEE)4400

ISBN 0 580 34594 7

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BS 3410:1961

Contents

Page
Co-operating organizations Inside front cover
Foreword ii
Part 1: Bright metal washers
1 Scope 1
2 Material 1
3 Finish 1
4 Coating 1
5 Dimensions 1
Part 2: Black metal washers
6 Scope 8
7 Material 8
8 Finish 8
9 Dimensions 8
Table 1 — Small bright washers for use with B.A. and
American Number size fasteners 2
Table 2 — Large bright washers for use with B.A. and
American Number size fasteners 3
Table 3 — Small bright washers for use with UNC,
UNF, B.S.W and B.S.F fasteners 4
Table 4 — Large bright washers for use with UNC,
UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners 5
Table 5 — Medium bright washers for automobile
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purposes for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W and B.S.F. fasteners 6
Table 6 — Large bright washers for automobile purposes
for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners 7
Table 7 — Ordinary black washers 9
Table 8 — Large black washers 10
Table 9 — Small light gauge black washers 11
Table 10 — Round black washers with square holes for
woodwork and timber constructions 12
Table 11 — Square black washers with round holes 13
Table 12 — Square or D-shaped taper washers 14

© BSI 02-2000 i
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BS 3410:1961

Foreword

This standard makes reference to the following British Standards:

BS 15, Structural steel.
BS 265, Cold rolled brass sheet, strip and foil, copper content 61.5 per cent
minimum and under 64 per cent maximum.
BS 309, Whiteheart malleable iron castings.
BS 310, Blackheart malleable iron castings.
BS 1449, Steel plate, sheet and strip.
This British Standard has been prepared under the authority of the Mechanical
Engineering industry Standards Committee.
Tables for plain washers have hitherto been included in standards for bolts,
screws and nuts, but it has been felt for some time that these provisions did not
adequately represent either users’ requirements or current manufacturing
practice. The present standard, which is intended to supersede these existing
tables,1) accordingly provides for metal washers in a greater variety of diameters
and thicknesses and is based upon what experience has shown to be the greatest
popular demand.
At first sight this may appear contrary to normal standardization procedure, but
it is hoped that by establishing a standard series of metal washers which should
meet most general engineering requirements, the demand for an unnecessary
multiplicity of specials can in fact be eliminated.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
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from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 14 and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.

1)
Tables of washers which are superseded by this standard are contained in the following British
Standards:
BS 57, “B.A. screws, bolts, nuts and plain washers”.
BS 325, “Black cup and countersunk bolts, nuts and washers”.
BS 916, “Black bolts, screws and nuts”.
BS 1083, “Precision hexagon bolts, screws, nuts and plain washers”.
BS 1768, “Unified precision hexagon bolts, screws, nuts (UNC and UNF threads) and plain washers —
normal series”.
BS 1769, “Unified black hexagon bolts, screws, nuts and plain washers — heavy series”.
BS 1981, “Unified machine screws and machine screw nuts”.
BS 2466, “Black taper washers”.
BS 2708, “Unified black square and hexagon bolts, screws and nuts (UNC and UNF threads) and plain
washers — normal series”.

ii © BSI 02-2000
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BS 3410:1961

Part 1: Bright metal washers

1 Scope
Part 1 of this British Standard relates to bright
metal washers for use with standard fasteners and
for other general purposes.
Dimensions are given for large and small washers:
one grade of thickness is specified for those intended
for use with B.A. and American Number size
fasteners and two grades of thickness are specified
for washers for use with Unified, B.S.W. and B.S.F.
fasteners. In addition, tables of dimensions for
bright washers for automobile use are included in
this part of the standard.
General requirements for material and finish of
bright washers are also given.
2 Material
3 Finish
The washers shall be reasonably flat and free from
burrs. Standard washers will normally be supplied
unchamfered.
If chamfered washers are required this should be
specified by the purchaser in his enquiry or order.
4 Coating
If the washers are required to have a protective or
decorative finish, this shall be specified by the
purchaser in his enquiry or order.
5 Dimensions
The dimensions of bright washers shall be in
accordance with Table 1 to Table 6 inclusive.

Steel washers shall be made from En2 cold rolled

steel in the hard condition in accordance with
BS 1449, “Steel plate, sheet and strip”.
Brass washers shall be made from material in the
hard condition in accordance with BS 265, “Cold
rolled brass sheet, strip and foil copper
content 61.5 per cent minimum and under 64 per
cent maximum”.
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If the purchaser requires the washers to be

manufactured from steel or brass in any other
condition, or of another material, he shall specify his
requirements in his enquiry or order.

© BSI 02-2000 1
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BS 3410:1961

Table 1 — Small bright washers for use with B.A. and American Number size fasteners

see Clause 3
1 2 3 4 5 6
Diameter of hole Outside diameter
American A B Thicknessa
B.A. No.
No. size C
max. min. max. min.
in in in in S.W.G. in
8 2 0.099 0.094 0.185 0.180 25 0.020
7 3 0.111 0.106 0.208 0.203 24 0.022
6 4 0.123 0.118 0.233 0.228 23 0.024

5 5 0.140 0.135 0.268 0.263 23 0.024

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4 6 0.157 0.152 0.301 0.296 22 0.028

3 8 0.177 0.172 0.341 0.336 22 0.028

2 10 0.202 0.197 0.391 0.386 21 0.032

1 12 0.228 0.223 0.443 0.438 20 0.036
0 — 0.256 0.251 0.500 0.495 19 0.040
NOTE The sizes shown in heavy type are those which are designated “Preferred” in BS 57, “B.A. screws, bolts, nuts and plain
washers”.
a Subject to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

2 © BSI 02-2000
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BS 3410:1961

Table 2 — Large bright washers for use with B.A. and American Number size fasteners

see Clause 3
1 2 3 4 5 6
Diameter of hole Outside diameter
American A B Thicknessa
B.A.
No. size C
max. min. max. min.
in in in in S.W.G. in
14 — 0.049 0.044 0.097 0.092 27 0.016
12 — 0.061 0.056 0.130 0.125 27 0.016
10 0 0.078 0.073 0.176 0.171 27 0.016
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9 1 0.086 0.081 0.197 0.192 27 0.016

8 2 0.099 0.094 0.228 0.223 25 0.020
7 3 0.111 0.106 0.257 0.252 22 0.028

6 4 0.123 0.118 0.288 0.283 20 0.036

5 5 0.140 0.135 0.335 0.330 20 0.036
4 6 0.157 0.152 0.378 0.373 19 0.040

3 8 0.177 0.172 0.432 0.427 19 0.040

2 10 0.202 0.197 0.500 0.495 18 0.348
1 12 0.228 0.223 0.565 0.560 18 0.048

0 — 0.256 0.251 0.625 0.620 17 0.056

NOTE The sizes shown in heavy type are those which are designated “Preferred” in BS 57, “B.A. screws, bolts, nuts and plain
washers”.
a
Subject to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

© BSI 02-2000 3
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BS 3410:1961

Table 3 — Small bright washers for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners

see Clause 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Nominal Diameter of hole Outside diameter Thicknessa

size of bolt A B C
or screw max. min. max. min. Heavy gauge Light gauge
in in in in in S.W.G. in S.W.G. in
1
/4 0.270 0.265 0.562 0.557 17 0.056 20 0.036
5
/16 0.333 0.328 0.625 0.620 15 0.072 19 0.040
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3
/8 0.395 0.390 0.750 0.745 15 0.072 18 0.048
7
/16 0.458 0.453 0.875 0.870 13 0.092 18 0.048
1/ 0.520 0.515 1.000 0.995 13 0.092 17 0.056
2
9/ 0.593 0.588 1.125 1.115 12 0.104 17 0.056
16
5
/8 0.656 0.651 1.250 1.240 11 0.116 15 0.072
3
/4 0.781 0.776 1.500 1.490 10 0.128 15 0.072
7
/8 0.906 0.901 1.625 1.615 9 0.144 15 0.072
1 1.031 1.026 1.875 1.865 8 0.160 15 0.072
11/8 1.156 1.151 2.125 2.115 7 0.176 13 0.092
11/4 1.281 1.276 2.375 2.355 7 0.176 11 0.116
13/8 1.406 1.401 2.625 2.605 6 0.192 — —
11/2 1.531 1.526 2.875 2.855 6 0.192 — —
13/4
1.781 1.776 3.375 3.345 5 0.212 — —
2 2.031 2.026 3.625 3.595 5 0.212 — —
a Subject to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

NOTE Attention is drawn to the fact that when small fractional size washers not tabulated here are required, the following B.A.
sizes, for which dimensions are given in Table 1, are suitable.
For inch size use B.A. size For inch size use B.A. size
3
/32 7 3
/16 2
1
/8 5 7
/32 1
5/ 3
32

4 © BSI 02-2000
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BS 3410:1961

Table 4 — Large bright washers for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners

see Clause 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Nominal Diameter of hole Outside diameter Thicknessa
size of bolt A B C
or screw max. min. max. min. Heavy gauge Light gauge
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in in in in in S.W.G. in S.W.G. in
1/ 0.270 0.265 0.625 0.620 17 0.056 19 0.040
4
5/ 0.333 0.328 0.750 0.745 15 0.072 18 0.048
16
3
/8 0.395 0.390 0.875 0.870 15 0.072 18 0.048
7
/16 0.458 0.453 1.000 0.995 13 0.092 17 0.056
1
/2 0.520 0.515 1.125 1.115 13 0.092 17 0.056
9/ 0.593 0.588 1.250 1.240 12 0.104 17 0.056
16
5
/8 0.656 0.651 1.375 1.365 11 0.116 15 0.072
3
/4 0.781 0.776 1.625 1.615 10 0.128 15 0.072
7
/8 0.906 0.901 1.875 1.865 9 0.144 15 0.072
1 1.031 1.026 2.125 2.115 8 0.160 13 0.092
11/8 1.156 1.151 2.375 2.355 7 0.176 12 0.104
11/4 1.281 1.276 2.625 2.605 7 0.176 11 0.116
13/8 1.406 1.401 2.875 2.855 6 0.192 10 0.128
11/2 1.531 1.526 3.125 3.095 6 0.192 10 0.128
13/4
1.781 1.776 3.625 3.595 5 0.212 10 0.128
2 2.031 2.026 4.125 4.095 5 0.212 10 0.128
a Subject to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

NOTE Attention is drawn to the fact that when small fractional size washers not tabulated here are required, the following B.A.
sizes, for which dimensions are given in Table 2, are suitable.
For inch size use B.A. size For inch size use B.A. size
1
/16 10 5
/32 3
3
/32 7 3
/16 2
1
/8 5 7
/32 1

© BSI 02-2000 5
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BS 3410:1961

Table 5 — Medium bright washers for automobile purposes for use with
UNC, UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners

1 2 3 4 5 6

Nominal size Diameter of hole Outside diameter

A B Thicknessa
of bolt
C
or screw max. min. max. min.
in in in in in S.W.G. in
1
/4 0.270 0.265 0.750 0.745 16 0.064
5
/16 0.333 0.328 0.875 0.870 15 0.072
3/ 0.395 0.390 1.000 0.995 14 0.080
8

7
/16 0.458 0.453 1.125 1.115 13 0.092
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1
/2 0.520 0.515 1.250 1.240 12 0.104
9
/16 0.593 0.588 1.375 1.365 11 0.116
5
/8 0.656 0.651 1.625 1.615 10 0.128
3
/4 0.781 0.776 1.875 1.865 9 0.144
7
/8 0.906 0.901 2.125 2.115 8 0.160
1 1.031 1.026 2.375 2.355 6 0.192
a
Subject to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

6 © BSI 02-2000
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BS 3410:1961

Table 6 — Large bright washers for automobile purposes for use with
UNC, UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners

1 2 3 4 5 6
Diameter of hole Outside diameter
Nominal size of A B Thicknessa
bolt or screw C
max. min. max. min.
in in in in in S.W.G. in
1
/4 0.270 0.265 1.000 0.995 16 0.064
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5
/16 0.333 0.328 1.250 1.240 14 0.080
3
/8 0.395 0.390 1.375 1.365 13 0.092
7
/16 0.458 0.453 1.500 1.490 12 0.104
1
/2 0.520 0.515 1.625 1.615 11 0.116
9
/16 0.593 0.588 1.750 1.740 10 0.128
5
/8 0.656 0.651 2.000 1.990 10 0.128
3
/4 0.781 0.776 2.250 2.240 9 0.144
7
/8 0.906 0.901 2.500 2.480 8 0.160
1 1.031 1.026 2.750 2.730 6 0.192
a
Subject to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

© BSI 02-2000 7
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BS 3410:1961

Part 2: Black metal washers

6 Scope 8 Finish
Part 2 of this British Standard relates to black steel The faces of the washers shall be reasonably flat,
washers and malleable cast iron washers for use smooth and free from burrs.
with standard bolts and for other general purposes.
Dimensions are specified for the following types of 9 Dimensions
washers: a) The dimensions of round black washers with
ordinary black washers; round holes shall be in accordance with Table 7,
large black washers; Table 8 and Table 9.
small light gauge black washers; b) The dimensions of round black washers with
square holes shall be in accordance with
round black washers with square holes for Table 10.
woodwork and timber;
c) The dimensions of square black washers with
square black washers with round holes; round holes shall be in accordance with Table 11.
steel or malleable cast iron square or D-shaped d) The dimensions of square or D-shaped black
taper washers. taper washers shall be in accordance with
General requirements for material and finish are Table 12.
also given.
NOTE The washers specified in this standard are not suitable
for use with the fasteners covered by BS 3139, “High strength
friction grip bolts for structural engineering” which includes its
own provision for washers.

7 Material
a) Steel washers.
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i) Flat. Unless otherwise specified, flat

washers shall be made from mild steel.
ii) Taper. Taper washers shall be made from
mild steel to BS 15, “Structural steel” with a
tensile strength of 28/33 tons per sq in.
b) Malleable cast iron type. These shall be made
from either
i) Malleable cast iron (whiteheart) in
accordance with BS 309, “Whiteheart
malleable iron castings.”
or
ii) Malleable cast iron (blackheart) in
accordance with BS 310, “Blackheart
malleable iron castings.”

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BS 3410:1961

Table 7 — Ordinary black washers

1 2 3 4
Diameter of hole A Outside diameter Thickness C
Nominal size of bolt
Tolerance + 1/32 in B Tolerance ± 1 gauge
in in in S.W.G. in
1
/4 9
/32 5
/8 16 0.064
5
/16 11
/32 3
/4 14 0.080
3
/8 13
/32 7
/8 14 0.080
7
/16 15
/32 1 12 0.104
1
/2 9
/16 11/8 12 0.104
9
/16 5
/8 11/4 10 0.128
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5/ 11/ 13/8 10 0.128

8 16
3
/4 13
/16 15/8 9 0.144
17/8
7
/8 15
/16 8 0.160
1 11/16 21/8 7 0.176
11/8 13/16 23/8 7 0.176
11/4 13/8 25/8
6 0.192
13/8 11/2 27/8 6 0.192
11/2 15/8 31/8 6 0.192
15/8 13/4 33/8
5 0.212
13/4 17/8 35/8 5 0.212
17/8 2 37/8 5 0.212
2 21/8 41/8 5 0.212

© BSI 02-2000 9
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BS 3410:1961

Table 8 — Large black washers

1 2 3 4
Diameter of hole A Outside diameter Thickness C
Nominal size of bolt
Tolerance + 1/32 in B Tolerance ± 1 gauge
in in in S.W.G. in
1
/4 9
/32 3
/4 12 0.104
5
/16 11
/32 7
/8 12 0.104
3
/8 13
/32 1 12 0.104
7/ 15/ 11/8 12 0.104
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16 32
1
/2 9
/16 11/4 12 0.104
9
/16 5
/8 13/8 10 0.128
5/ 11/ 11/2 10 0.128
8 16
3
/4 13
/16 13/4 9 0.144
7
/8 15
/16 2 8 0.160
1 11/16 21/4 7 0.176
11/8 13/16 21/2 7 0.176
11/4 13/8 23/4 6 0.192
13/8 11/2 3 6 0.192
11/2 15/8 31/4 6 0.192
15/8 13/4 31/2 5 0.212
13/4 17/8 33/4 5 0.212
17/8 2 4 5 0.212
2 21/8 41/4 5 0.212

10 © BSI 02-2000
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BS 3410:1961

Table 9 — Small light gauge black washers

1 2 3 4
Diameter of hole A Outside diameter Thickness C
Nominal size of bolt
Tolerance + 1/32 in B Tolerance ± 1 gauge
in in in S.W.G. in
1
/4 9
/32 9
/16 16 0.064
5
/16 11
/32 5
/8 16 0.064
3
/8 13
/32 3
/4 16 0.064
7
/16 15
/32 7
/8 16 0.064
1
/2 17
/32 1 16 0.064
9
/16 19
/32 11/8 14 0.080
5/ 21/ 11/4 14 0.080
8 32
3
/4 25
/32 11/2 14 0.080
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7
/8 29
/32 15/8 14 0.080
1 11/32 17/8 14 0.080
11/8 15/32 21/8 14 0.080
11/4 19/32 23/8 14 0.080
13/8 113/32 25/8 14 0.080
11/2 117/32 27/8 14 0.080

© BSI 02-2000 11
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BS 3410:1961

Table 10 — Round black washers with square holes for woodwork and timber constructions

1 2 3 4
Width of hole A Outside diameter Thickness C
Nominal size of bolt
Tolerance + 1/32 in B Tolerance ± 1 gauge
in in in S.W.G. in
3
/8 7
/16 1 /4
1
11 0.116
1
/2 9
/16 11/2 10 0.128
5
/8 11
/16 2 9 0.144
3/ 13/ 21/4 8 0.160
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4 16
7
/8 15
/16 25/8 5 0.212
1 11/16 3 5 0.212

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BS 3410:1961

Table 11 — Square black washers with round holes

1 2 3 4
Diameter of hole A Outside square Thickness C
Nominal size of bolt
Tolerance + 1/32 in B Tolerance ± 1 gauge
in in in S.W.G. in

1 /21
3
/8 7
/16 10 0.128
2
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11/2
1
/2 9
/16 10 0.128
2
2 10 0.128
5
/8 11
/16 6 0.192
3
3 0.252
21/2 10 0.128
3 6 0.192
3
/4 13
/16
3
3 0.252
4
21/2 10 0.128
7/ 15/
8 16
3 3 0.252
3
3 0.252
1 11/16 4
4 3/0 0.372
3 0.252
11/4 13/8 4
3/0 0.372

© BSI 02-2000 13
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BS 3410:1961

Table 12 — Square or D-shaped taper washers

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1 2 3 4
Diameter of hole> Mean thickness
A Overall size C
Nominal size of bolt
B
Tolerance + 1/32 in 3° and 5° 8°

in in in in in
3
/8 7
/16 1 3
/16 1
/4
1
/2 9
/16 11/4 3
/16 1
/4
5
/8 11
/16 11/2 3
/16 1
/4
/4 3 13
/16 13/4 3
/16 1
/4
7
/8 15
/16 2 3
/16 1
/4
1 1 /16
1
21/4 3
/16 1
/4
* Angle of taper may be 3°, 5° or 8°.
> Centre hole to be parallel to within 4°.

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BSI

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Licensed copy: The University of Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, Version correct as of 22/09/2010 05:04, (c)
BS 3410:1961

BSI — British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing
British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the
international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.

Revisions

British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of

British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or
editions.

It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services.
We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using
this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee
responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover.
Tel: 020 8996 9000. Fax: 020 8996 7400.

BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures
that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.

Buying standards

Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be
addressed to Customer Services. Tel: 020 8996 9001. Fax: 020 8996 7001.

In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the

BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards,
unless otherwise requested.

Information on standards
BSI

BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and

international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters
Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give
details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre.
Tel: 020 8996 7111. Fax: 020 8996 7048.

Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments

and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details
of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration.
Tel: 020 8996 7002. Fax: 020 8996 7001.

Copyright

Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the
UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as
permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written
permission from BSI.

This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard,
of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
written permission of BSI must be obtained.

If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing

agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager.
BSI Tel: 020 8996 7070.
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL