IMPACT 4.07.

172 08/10/2023

Chassis ID Path
601/Specifications//Wheel alignment

Model Identity
FM (4) 172721629

Publish date ID/Operation

30/05/2023

Wheel alignment
Wheel alignment, specifications
Toe-in
Steering wheel angle
Camber angles
King pin inclination
Turning Angles
Caster angles
Perpendicularity
Parallelism

Related information

Wheel alignment, specifications

Toe-in

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

Toe-in =B-A

Toe-in, front axle

Ground clearance, Toe-in (Loaded Toe-in (Unloaded

Front spring type Front axle load
front axle chassis) chassis)
FST-PAR/FST-
FA-MED FAL13.0/FAL16.0 1.5 ±1 mm/m 2.3 ±1 mm/m
PAR3
FAL13.0/FAL16.0
FST-PAR 1.5 ±1 mm/m 2.3 ±1 mm/m
/FAL18.0
FA-HIGH
FST-PAR3/FST- FAL16.0/FAL18.0
1.5 ±1 mm/m 2.2 ±1 mm/m
PAR5 /FAL20.0
FST-PAR3/FST- FAL16.0/FAL18.0
FA-XHIGH 1.5 ±1 mm/m 2.0 ±1 mm/m
PAR5 /FAL20.0

Steering wheel angle

Steering wheel, straight-forward angle

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

Steering wheel, straight-

A 0 ±1.5°
forward angle

Camber angles

Camber angle

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

A Camber angle on the right-hand side of the vehicle

B Camber angle on the left-hand side of the vehicle

Note
Camber can only be adjusted for vehicles with the FSI-DWIS variant.

Note
Camber angles must be measured without any load.

Camber angles

Ground clearance, Steering wheel

Front axle load Camber (B) Camber (A)
front axle position
STWPOS-L FAL13.0 – FAL18. 0.69 ±0.06° 0.06 ±0.06°
FA-LOW 0
STWPOS-R 0.06 ±0.06° 0.69 ±0.06°

Camber angles

Ground
Steering wheel Camber
clearance, front Road conditionFront axle load Camber (A)
position (B)
axle
0.65 ±0. −0.10 ±0.
FAL13.0 – FAL15.0
06° 06°
STWPOS-L RC-SMOOT
0.70 ±0. −0.05 ±0.
FAL16.0 – FAL18.0
05° 05°
0.70 ±0. −0.05 ±0.
STWPOS-L RC-ROUGH FAL13.0 – FAL18.0
05° 05°
−0.
FA-MED FAL13.0 – FAL15.0 10 ±0. 0.65 ±0.06°
06°
STWPOS-R RC-SMOOT
−0.
FAL16.0 – FAL18.0 05 ±0. 0.70 ±0.05°
05°
−0.
STWPOS-R RC-ROUGH FAL13.0 – FAL18.0 05 ±0. 0.70 ±0.05°
05°

Camber angles

Ground clearance, Camber

Steering wheel position Front axle load Camber (A)
front axle (B)
0.66 ±0.
FAL13.0 – FAL15.0 −0.09 ±0.06°
06°
0.69 ±0.
STWPOS-L FAL16.0 – FAL18.0 −0.06 ±0.06°
06°
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

0.73 ±0.
FAL20.0 −0.02 ±0.05°
05°
−0.
FA-HIGH FAL13.0 – FAL15.0 09 ±0. 0.66 ±0.06°
06°
−0.
STWPOS-R FAL16.0 – FAL18.0 06 ±0. 0.69 ±0.06°
06°
−0.
FAL20.0 02 ±0. 0.73 ±0.05°
05°

Camber angles

Ground clearance, front

Front axle load Camber (B) Camber (A)
axle
FAL16.0 – FAL18.0 0.21 ±0.05° 0.21 ±0.05°
FA-XHIGH
FAL20.0 0.25 ±0.05° 0.25 ±0.05°

King pin inclination

King pin inclination

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

L Distance between the LHS (Left-Hand Side) and RHS (Right-Hand Side) steering knuckle
and king pin intersection point
C King pin inclination on the RHS of the vehicle
D King pin inclination on the LHS of the vehicle
1 Front axle (FA-LOW)
2 Front axle (FA-MED)
3 Front axle (FA-HIGH)
4 Front axle (FA-XHIGH/FA-XXHIG)
5 Tag axle (TA-HYDRS) / Pusher axle (PA-HYDRS)

Note
Axles are shown from the front of the vehicle.

Tech data
L 1,776 mm

King pin inclination

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

King pin King pin

Axle type Steering wheel position inclination inclination
(C) (D)
STWPOS-L 5.5 ±0.1° 6.25 ±0.1°
Front axle (FA-LOW) STWPOS-R 6.25 ±0.1° 5.5 ±0.1°
STWPOS-R (Australia) 6.25 ±0.1° 4.75 ±0.1°
STWPOS-L 5.5 ±0.1° 6.25 ±0.1°
Front axle (FA-MED)
STWPOS-R 6.25 ±0.1° 5.5 ±0.1°
STWPOS-L 5.5 ±0.1° 6.25 ±0.1°
Front axle (FA-HIGH) STWPOS-R 6.25 ±0.1° 5.5 ±0.1°
STWPOS-R (Australia) 6.25 ±0.1° 4.75 ±0.1°
STWPOS-L 6.0 ±0.1° 6.0 ±0.1°
Front axle (FA-XHIGH/FA-XXHIG)
STWPOS-R 6.0 ±0.1° 6.0 ±0.1°
STWPOS-L 6.0 ±0.1° 6.0 ±0.1°
Tag axle (TA-HYDRS)
STWPOS-R 6.0 ±0.1° 6.0 ±0.1°
STWPOS-L 6.0 ±0.1° 6.0 ±0.1°
Pusher axle (PA-HYDRS)
STWPOS-R 6.0 ±0.1° 6.0 ±0.1°

Turning Angles

Note
The steering limiters (A) must be reset or replaced if any changes have been made to the
mechanical steering stop (B) on the steering knuckle.
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

The stop screws must be fitted on both sides of the axle, on the driver side (C) and on the rear
of the passenger side (D).

Front axle, clearances

First front axle

0.5+0.5 +0 mm
Permitted clearance, front stop screw
First front axle
0
Permitted clearance, rear stop screw

Second front axle, clearances

Second front axle

0.5+0.5 +0 mm
Permitted clearance, front stop screw
Second front axle
0
Permitted clearance, rear stop screw

Turning Angles, tolerance: ± 1°

Turning angles, first front axle

Total
Diameter, Tyre Inner Outer Spacer
Ground clearance, front number of
rim (front dimension, wheel wheel sleeve
axle washers on
wheel) front angle angle (19.5mm)
both sides
FA-MED/FA-HIGH TF325-95 6
WTDF24 31° 26.5° 1
FA-XHIGH /TF12 4
WTDF20 TF11 44° 34° 4 0
FA-LOW/FA-MED/FA-HIGH
/WTDF22
/FA-XHIGH TF12/TF13 41.5° 32.5° 5 0
/WTDF22.5

Turning angles, second front axle

Ground Inner Outer Total number of Spacer

Diameter, rim
clearance, Rear axle position wheel wheel washers on both sleeve (19.5
(front wheel)
front axle angle angle sides mm)
FA-MED
WTDF24 10
/FA-HIGH
RAP7340
WTDF24 FA-XHIGH /RAP7390 8
/RAP7640
WTDF20
/RAP7940
/WTDF22 ALL 6
/WTDF22.5
FA-MED
WTDF24 8
/FA-HIGH
WTDF24 FA-XHIGH 6
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

WTDF20 RAP8140
/WTDF22 ALL /RAP8640 NA NA 4 1
/WTDF22.5
RAP9040
FA-MED
WTDF24 /RAP9240 6
/FA-HIGH
/RAP9440
WTDF24 FA-XHIGH RAP9040 4
RAP9040
WTDF20
ALL /RAP9240 2
/WTDF22.5
/RAP9440
RAP9040
WTDF22 ALL NA
/RAP9440

Additional washers, first front axle

Washers
Ground Tyre
Note
Road condition clearance, dimension, Rear axle position
Total number of
front axle front
washers on both sides.

RAP7340/RAP7390
/RAP7640/RAP7940
TF13 /RAP8140/RAP8640
RC-VROUG FA-XHIGH /RAP9040/RAP9240 2
/RAP9440
TF12 RAP8640
TF315-80 RAP7340/RAP7390
2
/TF12 /RAP7640/RAP7940
RC-SMOOT/RC-
FA-HIGH /RAP8140/RAP8640
ROUGH/RC-VROUG
TF13 /RAP9040/RAP9240 4
/RAP9440

Additional washers, second front axle

Total number of
Road condition Ground clearance, front axle Tyre dimension, front washers on both
sides
RC-VROUG FA-XHIGH TF13 2
RC-SMOOT/RC-ROUGH
FA-HIGH TF315-80/TF12/TF13 2
/RC-VROUG

Caster angles

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

● V = Vertical line

● A = Caster angle.

Several factors affect the measured caster angle, such as vehicle configuration (e.g., length of
wheelbase, tyre selection, FIH/RIH (front/rear installation height), load and distribution.
Note
The values below are for an unloaded chassis.

Note
The values measured are for reference only.

Note
The caster angle cannot be adjusted on trucks with FSS-AIR or FSI-DWIS suspension.

Caster angles

FSS-LEAF 3 ±2°
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

FSS-AIR
5.2 ±2°
Note
For trucks built before 23W21

FSS-AIR, FA-MED
Note 3.0 ±2°
For trucks built after 23W21

FSS-AIR, FA-LOW
Note 3.0 ±2°
For trucks built after 23W35

FSI-DWIS
Note 3.5 ±2°
For trucks built before 14W23

FSI-DWIS
Note 5 ±2°
For trucks built after 14W23

Perpendicularity

Perpendicularity (A) (also known as out of square) is defined as the alignment of the first drive axle
from the centre line of the frame.
Note
The alignment of the first drive axle is determined by its perpendicularity to the frame centre
line. It is used as a reference for all other axles. The exceptions are 8x2 and 6x2 with leaf
suspension. For these, the tag axle is used as a reference. The perpendicularity of the
steered auxiliary axle is also measured from the frame centre line.

Perpendicularity

Perpendicularity
Suspension type Axle arrangement
Perpendicularity
Air suspension First rear drive axle
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

First rear drive axle (all except 0 ±3 mm

4x2 and 4x4)
Leaf suspension Rear drive axle for 4x2 and 4x4 0 ±5 mm
Fixed tag axle for 8x2 and 6x2
0 ±3 mm
RSS-LEAF, RADT-AR

Parallelism
Parallelism is specified in relation to the thrust line (B) of the first drive axle (D1).

Parallelism, front axle

Suspension variant Axle arrangement Parallelism

When measuring the parallelism
on the second front axle (F2)
Air suspension/leaf suspension (FAA20 and FAA21) , the first 0 ±0.5 mm/m
steering axle (F1) is taken as the
reference.

Parallelism, rear axles

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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IMPACT 4.07.172 08/10/2023

Suspension variant Axle arrangement Parallelism

Second rear drive axle
Tag axle
Air suspension/leaf suspension 0 ±2 mm/m
Steered tag axle
Steered pusher axle

Related information
For more information on the wheel alignment, refer to:
Wheel alignment ➠ Wheel alignment

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

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