9.

5 Difference between Two Means

2 samp z interval
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between 2 Means

)!" )""
("̅! − "̅" ) ± ' ∗ ( +
*! *"

1) ) known

2) Samples independent and random

3) Both populations normal or very large samples

n ³ 30

4) Population is at least 10n

2 samp t interval
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between 2 Means
when s1 and s2 are unknown

-!" -""
("̅! − "" ) ± , (
∗ +
*! *"

For t* the DF = n1 + n2 – 2

No conditions
Ex: P23 on pg 532
100
SAT Math scores are standardized so that the standard
deviation of the scores of any one exam is about 100.
Suppose independent random samples of 25 students
each from two different school districts have mean SAT
math scores of 510 and 470, respectively. With a
confidence level of 96% estimate the true difference
between mean scores for the two school districts. Be

SRSV 25.10
Tamp
sure to check conditions.

2505
z
25 2 30
interval
6 100

510 470 2.054

18.09 98 089

2samp
51210 fts
confident that
We are 96
average 54
the true difference in
between the two
96
SAT mathscoresis between 18.09 and
school districts contains 0
therefore
interval
98.089 The of a difference
evidence
we have
 Hypothesis test for Difference Between 2 Means

Conditions: 2sampztesfzsamptl.es
1) ) known
Co unknown
2) Samples independent and random

3) Both populations normal or very large samples

n ³ 30

4) Population is at least 10n

Hypotheses:
sentence
.$ : 0! = 0" 34 0! − 0" = 0

.% : 0! ≠ 0" 34 0! − 0" ≠ 0

.% : 0! < 0" 34 0! − 0" < 0

.% : 0! > 0" 34 0! − 0" > 0

Test Statistic:

(999 999" ) − 0
"! − " (" 999" ) − 0
999! − "
,= 34 ' =
-!" -"" )!" )""
( + ( +
*! *" *! *"

Conclusion:
 Example:

Group Age in Months First Steps

L Exercise 9 9.5 9.75 10 13 9.5
Control 11 10 10 11.75 10.5 15

Will the exercise group walk earlier? Perform a

hypothesis test at ∝= .08
firststeps between
Ho therefer set egg 91 9 9
Ha MIL
dat
2sampttest
ns
t
C.se in 1.5180
reject
Not
do evidence that the exercise
not have controlgroup
We dowalks earlier than the
group
 9.6 Paired Comparisons

For when the two samples are not independent.

Confidence interval for the difference between means

from paired comparisons )! & )" unknown
&
>̅ ± , ∗
√(

̅ = "̅! − "̅"
>Mmmm

DF = n-1

Hypothesis Test for the difference between means from

paired comparisons )! & )" unknown
hypothesizeddifference
)*+,!
,=
&/√(

DF = n-1
 t test
Ex: This is the set of data of ten peoples’ sitting and
standing heart rate.

Sitting 61 62 59 63 65 72 82 77 80 80
Standing 59 60 82 63 72 75 79 81 80 98

III
A. Find a 90% confidence interval for the difference in
average sitting and standing heart rate.
t interval 962 0.362
confident
at We are 90
0
difference
the average
that
4.8 1.83368.9 2 nlar He 9
125 9
c 95,9 g of
B. Run a hypothesis test to see if there is evidence If me
sitting heart rate being slower than standing heart rate.
(∝= .02)

Ho
the gigantea
Ha Md O

1.705
t test
data t
invt 98 9 2.398

06
No 0 p value
02
freq
LO
Ha