School-based Self

Learning Module
MEDIA AND INFORMATON
LITERACY 12
Quarter 3 -Learner’s Activity Sheet 4
Media and Information Sources

The following are some reminders in using

this School-based self-learning
Module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put

unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module.
2. Write your answers on the answer
sheets, assessments and long quiz
3. Don’t forget to answer activities
included in the module
4. Read the instruction carefully before
doing each task.
5. Observe honesty and integrity in doing
the tasks and checking your answers
6. Finish the task at hand before
proceeding to the next.
7. Return this module to your
teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering

the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
message me in messenger: Abegael Urdaneta.

Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

I hope that through this material, you will

experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies.
You can do it!

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 Quarter 3 -Learner’s Activity Sheet 4
Media and Information Sources

I. TOPIC: Media and Information Sources

II.MELC: - Contrast indigenous media to the more common sources of
information such as library, internet, etc.
MIL11/12IMILIIId-1

III. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

A. Objectives
 demonstrate an ability to examine and
 compare information from various sources in order to evaluate its
reliability, accuracy, authority, timeliness, and bias;
 determine the accuracy, reliability and value of information by
questioning the source of data, limitations of the information
gathering tools or strategies, and the rationale of the conclusions;
 define indigenous media; and
 contrast indigenous media to the more common sources of
information such as library, internet, etc..

B. Concept Notes

 Reliability of Information. Information is said to be reliable if it can

be verified and evaluated. It also refers to the trustworthiness of the
source in evaluating the reliability of information.
 Accuracy of Information. Accuracy refers to the closeness of the
report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending
on the type of information being evaluated. Forecasts are said to be
accurate if the report is similar to the actual data. Financial
information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly
classified, and presented
 Value of Information. Information is said to be of value if it aids the
user in making or improving decisions.
 Authority of the Source. Much of the information we gather daily do
not come from a primary source but are passed on through secondary
sources such as writers, reporters and the like. Sources with an
established expertise on the subject matter are considered as having
sound authority on the subject.
 Timeliness. Reliability, accuracy and value of information may vary
based on the time it was produced or acquired. While a piece of
information may have been found accurate, reliable and valuable
during the time it was produced, it may become irrelevant and
inaccurate with the passing of time (making it less valuable). Other
information may be timeless, proven to be the same in reliability,
accuracy and value throughout history.

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 Libraries
a. Types of libraries - Libraries are often classified in 4 groups,
namely: academic, public, school and special. These libraries may be
either digital or physical in form.
b. Skills in accessing information from libraries - Due to the wealth of
information in a library, it is important to know the following:
• the access tool to use
• how the information being accessed may be classified
• the depth of details required (i.e. some libraries provide only
an abstract of the topic)
• more detailed information requiring membership or some
conformity to set
rules of the source (e.g. databases)
c. Characteristics of libraries in terms of reliability, accuracy and
value
Libraries of published books are often considered highly reliable,
accurate, and valuable. Books and documents from dominant sources
are often peer reviewed. ISSN or ISBN registration ensures that
standards were followed in producing these materials.

The Internet
a. Information found on the internet
b. Characteristics of internet information in terms of reliability,
accuracy, value, timeliness and authority of the source
c. Realities of the Internet
d. Information found on the Internet may be quite varied in form and
content. Thus, it is more difficult to determine its reliability and
accuracy. Accessing information on the internet is easy but requires
more discipline to check and validate. Factual and fictitious data are
often merged together. Sources always have to be validated.

Skills in Determining the Reliability of Information

a. Check the author.
The author’s willingness to be identified is a good
indication of reliability.
b. Check the date of publication or of update.
While the information may be true, it may not be reliable
if it is outdated and may have lost relevance.
c. Check for citations.
Reliable authors have the discipline of citing sources of
their information.
d. Check the domain or owner of the site or page.
The domains .edu and .gov are reserved for academic
institutions and the government, respectively.
Information from such sites are presented with caution
and are usually well-grounded. Site owners may have an
agenda that affects the manner by which information is
presented.

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 e. Check the site design and the writing style.
Credible sources take time to make their information
accessible and easy to comprehend.

Skills in Determining Accurate Information

a. Look for facts.
b. Cross-reference with other sources to check for consistency.
c. Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information.
Check if the author is objective or leaning heavily on a certain point of
view.
d. Check for advertising. Advertisers may use related information to
market their product.
Alternative Media
a. Current popular alternative media
b. Rise of alternative media and information
c. Other alternative forms of communication and distribution have
become popular. These include social media, blogs and flash mob
performances. These alternative forms provide greater freedom and
power to ordinary individuals and are a quicker way of distributing
information. The downside is that a lot of information being passed
around is biased and inaccurate.

Indigenous Media
 Indigenous means native, local, originating or produced naturally in a
particular region
 Indigenous knowledge is unique to a specific culture or society; it is
not written down.
 Indigenous communication is the transmission of information through
local channels or forms. It is a means by which culture is preserved,
handed down and adapted.
 Indigenous media and information refer to the original information
created by a local group of people. This also refers to content about
indigenous peoples that may be distributed through dominant forms
of media or through forms of communication unique to their people
group.

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 Importance of Indigenous Media and Information
• Popular media cannot reach some rural areas. While print, broadcast
and new media have a wide reach, there are still areas that these forms
of media have not reached.
• Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are
near the source and are seldom circulated for profit.
• Indigenous media are channels for change, education and development
because of its direct access to local channels.
• Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development
and education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective.
• Forms of indigenous media and their local examples:
a. folk or traditional media
b. gatherings and social organizations
c. direct observation
d. records (may be written, carved or oral)
e. oral instruction

VI. ACTVITIES
ACTIVITY 1: Source of Information
Directions: Visit a news in a e.g newspaper or new websites. Cite
the source of the news, write a background about it and describe the type of
information that you got from the source. Answer the question that follows.
Do this in your answer sheet. 5pts each
Newspaper: _____________________________________________________
Magazine: _____________________________________________________
Social media: _____________________________________________________
Television: _____________________________________________________
The Internet: _____________________________________________________

What similarities and differences have you noticed between the information
in each source?

ACTIVITY:
Direction: Interview your parents or elder siblings. Ask them the questions
below. Write their statements in the answer sheets.5pts each

1. What are your roles in the community?

2. What are the types of information you are responsible for, or the
information
that you receive and pass on to the community?
3. How is the type of information that you handle helpful to the community?
4. In what ways does passing on this information help the community?
5. How do you know that the information you pass on is true?
6. What difficulties do you face in passing on this information to others?
7. Are these pieces of information available in popular media?

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VII. ASSESSMENT

Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if it says

otherwise. Do this in your answer sheet.
_____1. Indigenous knowledge refers to knowledge that is unique to a
specific
culture or society.
_____2. Information is said to be accurate if it aids the user in making or
improving decisions.
_____3. Libraries of published books are often considered highly reliable,
accurate and valuable.
_____4. Accessing information on the internet is easy, but requires more
discipline to check and validate. Sources do not have to be validated.
_____5. Information which is true is reliable even if it is outdated.
_____6. Gathering and social organizations are forms of indigenous media.
_____7. Indigenous communication is a means by which culture is
preserved,
handed down and adapted.
_____8. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they
are near the source and are seldom circulated for profit.
_____9. Cross-referencing with other sources to check for consistency is a
way to determine the timeliness of information.
_____10. Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in
development and education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective.

VIII. ANSWER KEY

Activity 1-3

Answer may vary

IX. REFERENCES
Ping, A. (2017). Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Types of Media (Part 2)-Mass and Media Effects.
www.slideshare.net. https://www.slideshare.net/arnielping/rubric-for-digital-poster-making

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