Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

12
Zest for Progress
Z Peal of artnership

English
Quarter 2 – Module 5:

Sources of Media and Information

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
 What I Need to Know
This module is designed to explain to you how media and information can be
accessed and generated. Information can come from virtually anywhere such as
media, blogs, personal experiences, books, journal, magazine articles, expert
opinions, encyclopaedias, and web pages. Information can be anywhere as it depends
on the question you are trying to answers. Thus, it is important to distinguish each of
them so that you can filter only the relevant information in the most efficient way.
The module contains lessons that will enable you to contrast indigenous media
to the more common sources of information such as library, internet, etc.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
a. identify the different sources of information;
b. asses information quality;
c. differentiates indigenous media from other common sources of information;
d. interview an elder from the community regarding indigenous media
and information; and
e. state the importance of checking information sources before sharing it to the
public.

What’s In
Activity 1. What am I
Directions: Choose five sources of information from inside the box and write what type of
information you can get from it.
Netflix WeSing TikTok Facebook
Twitter Instagram Snapchat Spotify
FB Messenger Merriam Dictionary Lightroom Slideshare
Google+ Google Map Gmail Google Search
Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Youtube IWant TV
Philippine Star Wattpad Mobile Legend Playstore

1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________

1
 What’s New
Activity 2: Weighing Skill
Directions: Read and understand the given situations below and provide brief but complete
answers to each question.
1. Jerome is a high school student. He noticed that most of his classmates retweeted a tweet
stating that classes are suspended tomorrow due to a typhoon. Still puzzled, he checked the
profile of the one who posted the information. He noticed that it is a parody account of a
certain politician. Should Jerome share the same information? Why or why not?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Doreen is an ABM student. She was assigned by her teacher to write a concept paper
about the change in consumer behavior of teenagers for the past three years. In the library,
she saw books and journals published ten years ago. Should Doreen use them as
references? Why or why not?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

What is it
Hello! Before you proceed to the main topic, answer first the questions below.

1. What are the different sources of information?

2. Why do you think we need to know the different sources of information?

More people use the internet to search for news than read a newspaper or wait for
the evening news program. Despite getting fast results from the internet, it still gives
problems on accuracy, reliability, and validity of the gathered information. Sometimes, it is
much better to consult someone from a community to gain first-hand information.

Sources – point of origin of something.

Media – the means of communication
Information – knowledge obtained from investigation or study; facts and figures
acquired from learning, research, or communication.
Information sources - refer to people, groups, and records from which data is
gathered.
Indigenous - something that occurs naturally in a particular environment.

2
 In this lesson, you will learn the different sources of information and how to
evaluate or examine information from different source.
Different sources of media and information include newspapers, magazines, social
media, television programs, and the internet. Each source delivers information differently.
One must evaluate information from various sources based on its reliability, accuracy, value,
authority, and timeliness. As someone curious about how things work, you would like to
reduce this uncertainty by consulting various materials that come from different sources.

Forms of sources of information:

Physical materials in archives – libraries, multimedia texts, objects found in the
internet, media messages from different mass media forms
Indigenous - community knowledge

Information is like a food. It nourishes your hunger for knowledge. But not all food is
appetizing. Select that is relevant to your information needs. To evaluate information
sources, always remember the five criteria for evaluating resources.
1. Authority. Identify the author of the content. Know his/her credentials. For scholarly
works, check if he/she has other publications, experience in the industry or
topic, professional affiliations, and educational background.

2. Accuracy. For journals, make sure that it is peer-reviewed. This is when the
information has been checked by other known researchers or organizations. Verify
the names, dates, figures, and places mentioned. Additionally, check the grammar, format,
and other writing mechanics.

3. Objectivity. Assess if the author is biased or not through how he/she organized and
justified his/her information.

4. Currency. Look at the date when the material is published. In research writing, it is
better to gather references that are at least six years old before the current year. For news
gathering, check if the news is a developing story. Avoid using “zombie sites” or a website
that failed to update its contents as sources.

5. Coverage. Know the scope of the information presented. Compare the coverage
from one source to the other. Some sources may cover a part of the topic. It is best to look
for other sources until you find more sufficient information.

What’s More
Activity 3: Organizing Information
Read this rubric before you go to our activity…
Category Exemplary Proficient Unsatisfactory
5 4 2
Arrangement of Main concept easily Main concept easily Main concept not
Concepts identified; sub identified; most sub clearly identified; sub
concepts branch concepts branch concepts don’t
appropriately from from main idea. consistently branch
main idea from main idea.

3
 Links and Linking lines Most linking lines Linking lines not
Linking Lines connect related connect properly; always pointing in
terms/point in most linking words correct direction;
correct direction; accurately describe linking words don’t
linking words the relationship clarify relationships
accurately describe between concepts; between concepts;
relationship most hyperlinks hyperlinks don’t
between concepts; effectively used. function or fail to
hyperlinks enhance the topic.
effectively used
Content Reflects essential Reflects most of the Contains extraneous
information; is essential information; is not
logically arranged; information; is logically arranged;
concepts succinctly generally logically contains numerous
presented; no arranged; concepts spelling and
misspellings or presented without grammatical errors.
grammatical errors too many excess
words; fewer than
three misspellings
or grammatical
errors.

Activity Directions: Based on the given lecture above, choose a concept and give at least
three details and write them inside the clouds.

Activity 4. True of False

Directions: Read and understand each question. On the space provided, write TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong. (5 points)

_______1. When gathering information, it is important to refer to various sources.

_______2. Sources of information are not all the same and are not created equal.

4
_______3. Not everything we see online is worth sharing that is why we need to think first
before we click.
_______4. It is not important to evaluate information gathered from different sources
because they are all the same.
_______5. Information can be taken from the community knowledge, libraries, multimedia
texts, and internet.
_________________________________________________________________________

Why should you check information before sharing it online or to the public?

Now you will learn about Assess Information Quality and the basic concepts
connected to this topic.

One of the many places to look for sources of media and information is the library.

A library is where collections of books, periodicals, and other resources are organized
through a classification system. A librarian is a professional who manages the library. He/she
Activity 5. It is all about the codes
also organizes and evaluates books and other resources stored there. Libraries are classified
into four groups– academic, public, school, and special. These classifications are based on
their purpose, location, and type of resources offered.

1. Academic library supports the curriculum for universities and other educational
“Practice
institutions. It ismakes
also a perfect!
researchTry these
arm activities papers
for scholarly because I’mrelated
and sure you will do
works. well.
Rizal Let’s of
Library
go!”
Ateneo de Manila University, and Miguel de Benavides Library of University of Santo Tomas
are some of the academic libraries in the Philippines.
Written Codes
Directions: Create your own “code” using captions, headlines, speech bubbles and style of
2. Public
language forlibrary
certainisphrases
generally supported
to be used as by taxes and the
communication government.
code It is accessible to
to your friends.
everyone, and its purpose is for the public interest. Likewise, basic library services here are
offered for free.Handsome boy Library- of the Philippines is a public library. It no longer requires
The National
a library card to serve more Filipinos in pursuit of learning.

3. School library caters to both students and educators. Teachers can find audio-visual
materials suited for a specific grade level and subject area. Students are also provided with
books and other resources appropriate for their age and level. Sometimes, teachers may
conduct activities in the school library. Schools such as Manila Science High School, Arellano
High School, and Araullo High School have school libraries for their students and teachers
to use.

4. Special library serves a specific group of people, usually based on a discipline.

Collections are focused on a specific area of interest. They are maintained by a certain
business organization, professional association, or government agency. Types of special
libraries include corporate libraries, law libraries, medical libraries, music libraries, and
theological libraries. Some special libraries are accessible to all while others require a certain
type of membership. The Cultural Center of the Philippines Library and Archives is a special
library which houses a collection of manuscripts, art books, musical compositions, and
memorabilia.

5
Activity 5. Idea Organizer
Read this rubric before you go to our activity…
Category Exemplary Proficient Unsatisfactory
5 4 2
Arrangement of Main concept Main concept easily Main concept not
Concepts easily identified; identified; most sub clearly identified; sub
sub concepts concepts branch from concepts don’t
branch main idea. consistently branch
appropriately from from main idea.
main idea
Links and Linking lines Most linking lines Linking lines not
Linking Lines connect related connect properly; most always pointing in
terms/point in linking words correct direction;
correct direction; accurately describe linking words don’t
linking words the relationship clarify relationships
accurately between concepts; between concepts;
describe most hyperlinks hyperlinks don’t
relationship effectively used. function or fail to
between enhance the topic.
concepts;
hyperlinks
effectively used
Content Reflects essential Reflects most of the Contains extraneous
information; is essential information; information; is not
logically arranged; is generally logically logically arranged;
concepts arranged; concepts contains numerous
succinctly presented without too spelling and
presented; no many excess words; grammatical errors.
misspellings or fewer than three
grammatical misspellings or
errors grammatical errors.

Activity 1. Directions: Based on the given lecture above, choose a concept and give at least
4 details and write in inside the clouds.

6
Activity 6. Library Check
Directions: Complete the table below by identifying which type of library is referred by each
given example.

Library Type of Library

1. Cultural Center of the Philippines Library and Archives
2. Miguel de Benavides Library
3. Rizal Library, Ateneo de Manila University
4. National Library of the
Philippines
5. Manila Science High School Library

Hello!
How can you search for first-hand information about a community?

Now you will talk about Indigenous or community knowledge and the basic
concepts connected to this topic.
Each community has a unique way on how they pass information to other members.
Despite the presence of print, broadcast, and new media, there are areas that are not
accessible by such. Hence, indigenous media is an alternative to gather information.

Today’s lesson will help you understand another form of the source of information which
is called the Indigenous or community knowledge.

Indigenous - synonymous to words such as native or local.

Indigenous knowledge - distinctive facts, information, and skills that originate in a

community of people sharing the same beliefs, ideas, and cultures.
Passed down by word of mouth from one generation to another.
Examples on how indigenous knowledge plays a major role in one’s
culture are seen in folk dances, traditional medicine, and kuwentong
bayan or folklore.

Indigenous media – refers to the communicative tools and resources of the indigenous
peoples. It is also known as community media. Oral interaction and
face-to-face communication are some of the factors of indigenous
media. Forms of indigenous media include folk or traditional media,
gatherings and social organizations, direct observation, records
(written, carved, or oral), and oral instruction. Information sharing is
sometimes limited only to the members of the community.

Indigenous communication - refers to the information exchange via local channels. It is a

way of culture preservation and adaptation.

Tracing back to Philippine history, the umalohokan are known as the town criers of
an ancient barangay or a well-organized independent village. They announce laws ordered
by the datu or chieftain to reach the community. Today, news and stories typically reach the
community through local meetings such as kapihan, balitaktakan, and kuwentong barbero.
It is best to consult an adult to gain news and information in the community. He/she may be a
media practitioner, a local journalist, a blogger, a social media manager, or a media specialist.

7
 Kapihan - refers to a place or a session where community members come together to
share stories over a cup of coffee. Nowadays, a similar practice is done is when people go
to coffee shops to meet and chat with their friends.

Balitaktakan - refers to a discussion or debate where members are free to voice out their
opinion about a certain topic. Member sex change ideas to come up with a feasible solution
to a community problem.

Kuwentong barbero – refers to a Filipino idiom that is often associated to hearsay. Its origin
may be stemmed from local men who goes to barbershops not only to get a good haircut
but to listen to the barber’s stories. Thus, a barber’s story is passed down from one customer
to another until it reaches the community.

Indigenous media and information - strengthen a community’s identity. It is a platform for

indigenous peoples to express their own perspectives, and to penetrate the social and
political media free from stereotyping and discrimination. The role of indigenous media and
information is to educate and inform community members other than what popular media
offers. In the Philippines, efforts to media recognition on indigenous peoples are done. The
lack of representation is a problem. They are generally shown as victims of conflict and
discrimination. Therefore, sensitivity on how they are portrayed must be practiced.

Activity 7. Tabulating the difference of Information Sources

Directions: Differentiate indigenous media from other sources of media such as the library
and internet. Write your answers in a bullet form.

Indigenous media Library Internet

Activity 8. Information Preferences

Which information sources (indigenous, library, internet or mass media) do you prefer to
use for the following topics? Why?

1. Human Expedition on Mars

_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

2. The Human genome Project

_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

3. The history of the Bangsamoro

_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. The cultural practices of the Lumads of Mindanao
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

5. Most promising careers for senior high school graduates

_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

8
Activity 9. Identification Test.
Directions: Identify the concept based from the definition. Write your answer on the space
provided for before the number.

_____________1. It refers to information exchange via local channels.

_____________2. They are known as the town criers of an ancient barangay or a well-
organized independent village.

_____________3. It refers to distinctive facts, information, and skills that originate in a

community of people sharing the same beliefs, ideas, and cultures.

______________4. It means local or native.

_______________5. It refers to the communicative tools and resources of indigenous

peoples.

You are now on the fourth day of our lesson. The main goal for today is for you to finish
the last activity which will in one-way or another provide closure of the week’s lessons.
Before going to the activity, you will review first the following big ideas about the topic on
media and information sources.

1. Always remember to look for the following when evaluating sources- authority,
accuracy, objectivity, currency, and coverage.
2. Spreading false information may result to confusion. Always look for credible
sources before claiming something as factual.
3. Indigenous peoples should be empowered to use community media by providing
them accessibility to resources to share news and information.
4. It is always important to be more sensitive and respectful of the culture and other
practices of indigenous people when gathering indigenous information or
knowledge.
5. As you strive to become more media and information literate, the higher is the
expectation to be judicious and more selective and critical of your information
sources because quality is everything with the vast information you can access.

What I Have Learned

Activity 10: Performance Task
Read this rubric before you go to our activity…
Criteria Beginning Developing Accompl Score
(0-12 points) (13-16 ished
points) (17-
20 pts)
Content (Focus on details/events
are clearly evident; it is
clearly related to the topic.)
Organization (Logical progression
of details/events; clear transitions
between ideas.
Conventions (spelling,
mechanics, grammar, and
usage)

9
 Length of Video (Time does not
exceed one minute)
Audio Element (Sound is audible;
it has suitable background music;
background music does
not overpower narration.)
Visual Element (Uses appropriate
font; it has subtitles,
smooth transitions, and
good camera angles; it is in
high definition format.)
TOTAL
SCORE:

Activity Directions: Since the lesson is done, the fourth day is for you to accomplish the
performance task below…
You are a video reporter for an online news portal. Your executive producer assigned
you to a story on indigenous media and information resource. You will interview an elder of a
certain community. Your task is to produce a news feature using the interview and this will be
uploaded in the news portal. The video will deal about relevant concepts that you know about
indigenous knowledge and indigenous media. The video must not be shorter than 8 minutes
and must not be longer than 12 minutes. Your audience are online users who will visit the
portal for their news consumption. The video must adhere to the principles of video production,
must be highly interesting, and should use text, audio, and visual elements that are culturally
sensitive to the indigenous group that the interviewee belongs to---

Assessment
Summative Test
Directions: Read and understand each question. Encircle only the letter of your answer. (10
points)
1. Which of the following criteria for evaluating resources includes identifying the author of
the content as well as knowing his/her credentials?
A. Accuracy C. Coverage
B. Authority D. Objectivity
2. Which of the following criteria for evaluating resources focuses on the scope of the
information presented?
A. Accuracy C. Coverage
B. Authority D. Objectivity
3. The following are examples of forms of sources of information under physical materials in
archives, except
A. Library C. Media messages
B. Multimedia texts D. Community knowledge
4. Which of the following is NOT true about books as media form?
A. Its storage and shipping are expensive.
B. It is an enduring medium that can last for many years.
C. It is a portable and transferable source of information.
D. None of the above
5. Libraries are the brains of academic institutions while the library users provide means of
information transfer.
A. True B. False
6. Which of the following libraries is an example of an academic library?
A. Arellano High School

10
 B. Cultural Center of the Philippines
C. National Library of the Philippines
D. Rizal Library, Ateneo de Manila university
7. Which of the following refers to distinctive facts, information, and skills that originate in a
community of people sharing the same beliefs, ideas, and cultures?
A. Community Media C. Indigenous Media
B. Indigenous Knowledge D. Indigenous Communication
8. Which information source is best to use when gathering information about the wedding
practices of Subanen tribe in your community?
A. Internet C. School Library
B. Indigenous Knowledge D. Social Media
9. Which of the following refers to the communicative tools and resources of indigenous
peoples?
A. Community Media C. Indigenous Media
B. Indigenous Knowledge D. Indigenous Communication
10. Which of the following refers to a discussion or debate where members are free to
voice out their opinion about a certain topic?
A. Balagtasan C. Kapihan
B. Balitaktakan D. Kwentong barbero

References:
Creating Digital Citizens --What is Digital Literacy? (2011). Purposeful Technology-
Constructing Meaning in 21st Century Schools.
http://purposefultechnology.weebly.com/creating-digital-citizens---what-is-digital-literacy.html
Definition of consolidate | Dictionary.com. (n.d.). www.dictionary.com.
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/consolidate
https://en.m.wikipedia,org/wiki/trademark
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/learn-more-about-smartart
Information access. (2019, October 14).
Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_access
Laquigan, Boots C. (2016). Media and Information Literacy. DIWA Learning Systems
Inc., Makati City, Philippines
Quipper. (n.d.). Quipper. Retrieved August 26, 2020, from https://www.quipper.com
Skyline College. (2011). For Students: Information Literacy | Information Literacy
Array. Skylinecollege.Edu.
Textbook, Perspectives in Media & Information Literacy by Sonia B. SyGaco, PhD
UNESCO UIS. (n.d.). Uis.Unesco.Org. Retrieved August 26, 2020, from
http://www.uis.UNESCO.ORG/communication/pages/information/literacy.aspx
Development Team
Writer: Rodolf John T. Rodriguez
Division of Zamboanga Sibugay
Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay
Editor/QA:
Reviewer: Evelyn F. Importante
OIC-CID Chief EPS
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:
Jerry C. Bokingkito
OIC-Assistant SDS
Raymond M. Salvador
OIC-Assistant SDS
Dr. Jeanelyn A. Aleman, CESE
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent

11
My Final Farewell
And when the dark night wraps the graveyard
around With only the dead in their vigil to see
Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun
Break not my repose or the mystery profound
caress'd Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!,
Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's And perchance thou mayst hear a sad hymn
best, And were it brighter, fresher, or more resound 'T is I, O my country, raising a song
unto thee.
blest
Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost.
And even my grave is remembered no
more Unmark'd by never a cross nor a
On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight,
stone
Others have given their lives, without doubt or
Let the plow sweep through it, the spade turn
heed; The place matters not-cypress or laurel or
it o'er That my ashes may carpet earthly floor,
lily white, Scaffold or open plain, combat or
Before into nothingness at last they are blown.
martyrdom's plight, T is ever the same, to serve
our home and country's need.
Then will oblivion bring to me no
care As over thy vales and
I die just when I see the dawn break,
plains I sweep;
Through the gloom of night, to herald the
Throbbing and cleansed in thy space and
day; And if color is lacking my blood thou
air With color and light, with song and
shalt take, Pour'd out at need for thy dear
lament I fare, Ever repeating the faith that I
sake
keep.
To dye with its crimson the waking ray.
My Fatherland ador'd, that sadness to my
My dreams, when life first opened to me,
sorrow lends
My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high,
Beloved Filipinas, hear now my last good-by!
Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient
I give thee all: parents and kindred and friends
sea From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow
For I go where no slave before the oppressor
free; No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye.
bends, Where faith can never kill, and God
reigns e'er on high!
Dream of my life, my living and burning
desire, All hail ! cries the soul that is now to
Farewell to you all, from my soul torn away,
take flight; All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to
Friends of my childhood in the home
expire ;
dispossessed ! Give thanks that I rest from the
To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire;
wearisome day !
And sleep in thy bosom eternity's long
Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend that
night.
lightened my way;
Beloved creatures all, farewell! In death there is
If over my grave some day thou seest
rest!
grow, In the grassy sod, a humble flower,
Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so,
While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb
below The touch of thy tenderness, thy breath's
warm power.

Let the moon beam over me soft and

serene, Let the dawn shed over me its
radiant flashes, Let the wind with sad
lament over me keen ; And if on my cross a
bird should be seen,
Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my
ashes. Let the sun draw the vapors up to
the sky,
And heavenward in purity bear my tardy
protest Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely
fate sigh, And in the still evening a prayer be
lifted on high From thee, 0 my country, that in
(This is the 1911 translation by Charles
God I may rest.
Derbyshire of the Spanish original of José
Rizal's poem, Mi Ultimo Adiós)
Pray for all those that hapless have died,
For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;
For our mothers that bitterly their woes have
cried,
For widows and orphans, for captives by torture
tried And then for thyself that redemption thou
mayst gain.

12
 I Am a Filipino
by Carlos P. Romulo

I am a Filipino–inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the uncertain future. As such I

must prove equal to a two-fold task–the task of meeting my responsibility to the past,
and the task of performing my obligation to the future.

I sprung from a hardy race, child many generations removed of ancient Malayan
pioneers. Across the centuries the memory comes rushing back to me: of brown-
skinned men putting out to sea in ships that were as frail as their hearts were stout.
Over the sea I see them come, borne upon the billowing wave and the whistling
wind, carried upon the mighty swell of hope– hope in the free abundance of new land
that was to be their home and their children’s forever.

I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes–seed that flowered

down the centuries in deeds of courage and defiance. In my veins yet pulses the
same hot blood that sent Lapulapu to battle against the first invader of this land, that
nerved Lakandula in the combat against the alien foe, that drove Diego Silang and
Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign oppressor.

The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed. It is the mark of my manhood, the
symbol of dignity as a human being. Like the seeds that were once buried in the
tomb of Tutankhamen many thousand years ago, it shall grow and flower and bear
fruit again. It is the insignia of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the
unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.

I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West. The East, with its
languor and mysticism, its passivity and endurance, was my mother, and my sire
was the West that came thundering across the seas with the Cross and Sword and
the Machine. I am of the East, an eager participant in its spirit, and in its struggles
for liberation from the imperialist yoke. But I also know that the East must awake
from its centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has bound his limbs, and start
moving where destiny awaits.

I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge shall I give that I may prove
worthy of my inheritance? I shall give the pledge that has come ringing down the
corridors of the centuries, and it shall be compounded of the joyous cries of my
Malayan forebears when first they saw the contours of this land loom before their
eyes, of the battle cries that have resounded in every field of combat from Mactan to
Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people when they sing:

“I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until freedom shall have been
added unto my inheritance—for myself and my children and my children’s
children—forever.”

(Reprinted from The Philippines Herald, August 16, 1941)

13