SNOWFLAKES

MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

Module Name

[ Introduction to Statistics ]

Submitted To:

[ U Zin Lwin Thant ]

Submitted By:

[Snowflakes]

[ Zawe Yan Naing - Student ID – 2023B3806]

[ Yoon May Thu - Student ID – 2023B4365]
[ Hsu Myat Noe - Student ID – 2023B4366]
[ Linn Latt Eain - Student ID – 2023B4397]
[ Hsu Yati Naing - Student ID – 2023B5042]
[ Shune Lai Wai - Student ID – 2023B5033]
[ Pann Ei Khin - Student ID – 2023B5054]

pg. 1
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

Table of Contents

What is statistics?...........................................................................................................................3
What is descriptive statistics?.........................................................................................................3
What is sampling method?.............................................................................................................4
What is crosstabulation?.................................................................................................................4
Literature Review....................................................................................................................4
Sociocultural Factors:.......................................................................................................................................5
Access to Healthcare:.......................................................................................................................................5
Symptom Presentation:....................................................................................................................................5
Treatment and Interventions:..........................................................................................................................5
Intersectionality:...............................................................................................................................................5

Objective of this Research.......................................................................................................6

Methodology of the Study........................................................................................................6

Analysis of Mental health on Gender in Mandalay..................................................................6

Age..................................................................................................................................................6
Education Level..............................................................................................................................7
With Sibling or Only Child.............................................................................................................8
Mental Issues..................................................................................................................................9
Time Noticing Mental Disorder....................................................................................................10
Opening about mental breakdown................................................................................................11
Dealing with Depression or Mental Illness....................................................................................12
Mental Health and Daily Life.......................................................................................................13
Suicidal Thoughts.........................................................................................................................14
Seeing a Professional Therapist....................................................................................................15
People’s Attention on Mental Health on Gender..........................................................................16
Time Period of Suffering from Mental Breakdown......................................................................17
Conclusion............................................................................................................................18

Recommendation or suggestion.............................................................................................19

pg. 2
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

Further research...................................................................................................................19

Appendixes............................................................................................................................20

Questionaries................................................................................................................................20
References............................................................................................................................22

Introduction

Gender is correlated with mental health. When it comes to mental health people have
different perspectives according to knowledge and experiences. Since every living has feelings,
mental health takes a big role in people’s daily life. It determines one’s state of mind, thoughts,
emotions, amount of misery, sufferings, loss and many others feelings. Good mental health is the
feeling at any time people feel positive when coping well with daily pressures and issues.
Mental Health differs from time to time as adolescent experiences differently than adults.
However, some perceived that women easily breakdown more than men while some thinks that
men breakdown more. Others claim that women and men suffer equally. Based on experiences
and researches, social practices are fundamentally gendered but mental health works differently.
Emotional troubles and stress differ for women and men.

What is statistics?
Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing and interpreting data in order
to make a decision.
There are two main branches of statistics:
 Descriptive Statistics
 Inferential Statistics

(Anderson, et al., 2010)

What is descriptive statistics?

Summarizing and organizing characteristics of a data set is called descriptive statistics. A
data set is a collection of responses or observations from a sample or population. After collecting

pg. 3
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

data for research, the next step is to describe characteristics of the responses by using tabular
methods and graphical methods, such as the average of one variable (e.g., gender), or the relation
between two variables (e.g., gender & mental health). (Bhandari, 2020)

What is sampling method?

Firstly, in data collection, there are two main sampling methods: probability sampling and
non-probability sampling. These methods are chosen based on the characteristics of the
population being studied. Probability sampling is employed when the population is known and
can be precisely defined. In contrast, non-probability sampling is used when the population is
unknown or when using probability sampling methods is impractical. Quota sampling is a non-
probability sampling method used in research to gather data from a defined population. This
approach involves dividing the population into subgroups, or quotas, based on specific
characteristics or criteria. There are two main categories of quota sampling: controlled and
uncontrolled. In controlled quota sampling, researchers establish stringent guidelines and
restrictions to carefully select individuals within each subgroup, ensuring that the resulting
sample closely mirrors the demographics or characteristics of the entire population. On the other
hand, uncontrolled quota sampling offers more flexibility, resembling convenience sampling, as
researchers have greater discretion in selecting individuals to meet the established quotas. The
choice between controlled and uncontrolled quota sampling depends on the research goals and
the desired level of representativeness in the sample. (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2012)

What is crosstabulation?
Crosstabulation, or "crosstab," is a formal analytical tool used to compare categorical
variables, particularly in nominal-scale data, where variables lack a specific order. It involves
organizing data in a table format to reveal relationships and patterns, aiding decision-making in
fields like market research and social sciences. (Survey Monkey, n.d.)
Crosstabulation presents data in tabular format with rows and columns. Rows represented
the categorized variables and columns represented the others. (Anderson, et al., 2010)

pg. 4
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

Crosstabulation is particularly useful when dealing with categorical variables, as it

enables to uncover insights and make informed decisions based on the relationships between
these variables.

Literature Review

According to a study, those who use social media, mobile devices, and gaming more
frequently than other people experience depression. A thorough overview of the available
research and studies on how people of different genders experience mental health would
normally be included in a literature review on the gender gap in mental health. Although I am
unable to provide a comprehensive literature study, I can list some important ideas and themes
that are frequently covered in these reviews:
Gender Disparities in Mental Health: The prevalence and incidence of many mental health
diseases, such as depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia, are
frequently studied in terms of gender-based disparities. It can show whether one gender is more
prone than the other to specific conditions.
Sociocultural Factors: Literature often discusses how societal norms, gender roles, and cultural
expectations can influence the experience and expression of mental health issues. For example,
traditional masculinity norms may discourage men from seeking help for mental health
problems.

Access to Healthcare: Analyzing the gender gap in access to mental healthcare services is
crucial. It can involve looking at barriers to treatment, such as stigma, cost, and availability,
which may affect one gender more than the other.

Symptom Presentation: Research may investigate whether men and women tend to exhibit
different symptoms or coping mechanisms for mental health issues. This can have implications
for diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment and Interventions: Examining whether there are gender-specific treatment

approaches and their effectiveness is another important aspect. This includes exploring how
therapy and medication may be tailored to different gender needs.

pg. 5
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

Intersectionality: Considering the intersection of gender with other social factors like race,
ethnicity, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status is critical. These intersections can lead to
unique mental health challenges.

When conducting a literature review, it's important to synthesize and analyze the findings
from various studies and identify trends, gaps in research, and areas that require further
investigation. This can help in understanding the complex relationship between gender and
mental health and inform future research and interventions.

Objective of this Research

 To find out about honest perception of mental health on gender.

 In order to help the people who are suffering from mental issues.
When it comes to mental health, men are more likely to get judgmental comments from
society.

Methodology of the Study

This survey is collected from 50 males and 50 females, i.e. exactly 100 in total. The
target audience is for the teenagers who are suffering from mental issues. The data are collected
from friends from Mandalay by using google form. The research questionaries contain both
qualitative and quantitative questions, which are created with own ideas and some from internet.
The survey is only collected by using primary data. Quota sampling method, a non-probability
sampling method, is used for this survey to collect data.

Analysis of Mental health on Gender in Mandalay

Age

pg. 6
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

COUNTA of Age Age

Gender 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 Grand Total

Female 31 16 3 0 50

Male 25 18 5 2 50

Grand Total 56 34 8 2 100

According to bar chart shown above most of the respondents are the age are from 16-20
(56 out of 100). There are only 2 respondents who are from the age of 31-35. Therefore, it is
clear that most of the respondents are teenagers.

Education Level

pg. 7
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

Gender Graduate High School Post Graduate Undergraduate Grand Total

Female 4 8 1 37 50

Male 6 6 6 32 50

Grand Total 10 14 7 69 100

In accordance with this chart, 69 individuals are attending undergraduate level. The sum
of the high school students, graduate and post graduate are not as many as those undergraduate
respondents. Thus, this survey will mostly point out the view point from teenagers.

With Sibling or Only Child

Gender No Yes Grand Total

Female 6 44 50

pg. 8
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

Male 9 41 50

Grand Total 15 85 100

In this figure, the majority of respondents (85) have siblings while the rest are the only
child.

Mental Issues

Gender No Yes Grand Total

Female 12 38 50

Male 20 30 50

pg. 9
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

Grand Total 32 68 100

In figure, both genders have several kinds of mental issues. This indicates that most respondents
are encountering some mental issues.

Time Noticing Mental Disorder

Gender 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 Grand Total

Female 44 6 50

Male 39 8 2 1 50

Grand Total 83 14 2 1 100

pg. 10
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

As in figure, the respondents notice the symptoms of mental disorder early in age from
16-20. Only few respondents notice it late.

Opening about mental breakdown

Gender Family memebers Friends Professional Counselling Suffer alone Grand Total

Female 9 17 1 23 50

Male 7 16 27 50

Grand Total 16 33 1 50 100

pg. 11
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

In the figure above, half of both genders suffer alone while other half of both genders
open up to friends and family members. Meanwhile 1 of the females open up to professional
counselling.

Dealing with Depression or Mental Illness

Listening to Social activities(hung out, Grand

Gender music Meditating other clubbing, etc) Total

Female 32 2 10 6 50

Male 22 2 14 12 50

Grand
Total 54 4 24 18 100

pg. 12
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

According to survey females are more likely to listen to music and less socialize than
males when it comes to mental breakdown.

Mental Health and Daily Life

Gender No Yes Grand Total

Female 1 49 50

Male 4 46 50

Grand Total 5 95 100

pg. 13
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

In figure, almost every respondent agree that mental issues affects people’s daily life.
This shows that both genders have same perspective on this respective.

Suicidal Thoughts

Gender No Yes Grand Total

Female 34 16 50

Male 34 16 50

Grand Total 68 32 100

pg. 14
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

In accordance with the chart, the majority of respondents (68%) do not have thoughts
about suicidal thoughts while (32%) have thoughts. A minority of respondents in Mandalay have
serious mental problems.

Seeing a Professional Therapist

Gender No Yes Grand Total

Female 30 20 50

Male 35 15 50

Grand Total 65 35 100

pg. 15
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

In accordance with this chart, 65 respondents of both genders do not seek for help from
professional therapist. This can be assumed that most people in Mandalay hide their feelings.

People’s Attention on Mental Health on Gender

Gender Boys Girls Grand Total

Female 7 43 50

Male 13 37 50

Grand Total 20 80 100

pg. 16
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

With regard to figure, only one fifth of both genders thinks that public give attention to
boys when mental breakdown happens. Therefore, it can be presumed that girls get more
attention from public than boys.

Time Period of Suffering from Mental Breakdown

Gender 1 hour 2-5 hours 24 hours Grand Total

Female 15 21 14 50

Male 16 20 14 50

Grand Total 31 41 28 100

pg. 17
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

In this chart, both of the genders most likely suffer from 2-5 hours meanwhile small unit
of both genders suffer the whole day. This shows that every respondent has been in this situation.

Conclusion

The results of the survey show that the majority of respondents are between the ages of
16 and 20, demonstrating that the survey predominantly represents the viewpoint of teenagers.
The majority of respondents agreed that these concerns have an impact on their daily life, and a
sizeable section of the population in the poll reports experiencing various mental health issues. It
is noteworthy that respondents frequently experience symptoms of mental problems between the
ages of 16 and 20, but rarely seek the assistance of a professional therapist. Instead, when having
a mental breakdown, many people choose to confide in their friends and family. Surprisingly, the
statistics imply that girls may receive more of the public's attention in these circumstances. Last
but not least, the majority of respondents do not report having suicidal thoughts, but a sizable
minority does, indicating the existence about a proportion of Mandalay residents having more

pg. 18
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

severe mental health concerns. These revelations shed light on the state of mental health in the
area, especially among its younger population.

Recommendation or suggestion
This is the summary of the suggestions from the collected data for the survey. Most of the
respondents suggested that it would be better if there was an “other” option for some questions,
especially in asking gender and period time suffering from mental breakdown. Some respondents
said that the survey should include more questions. Others suggested that it's thoughtful to take
mental well-being seriously and create a healthy human society.

Further research
According to doctors, even when men and women experience the same mental health
problems, women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression. Men and women already
have a fixed expectation from society on how they should express their innermost feelings.
Women are typically supposed to be weak and miserable, whereas men are frequently expected
to be strong and less expressive of their emotions. When these expectations are not met, society
considers them a failure.

Depression can manifest and be experienced differently in men and women. Men may
display signs like impatience, rage, or bodily concerns, whereas women may be more likely to
report feelings of despair and worthlessness. These unusual male symptoms can be misdiagnosed
or ignored. Overall, men may experience greater shame and humiliation while dealing with
mental health problems, which may cause them to downplay their symptoms or refuse to ask for
support from others.

Understanding the factors that influence the mental health of men and women requires an
awareness of how gender is socially constructed. To find solutions to the mental health
differences related to both disorder prevalence and availability of treatment, an interconnected
study of the complex factors associated with culture, society, power, and politics is mandatory.
This goes beyond physiological differences and traditional clinical approaches.

pg. 19
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

In order to address inequalities in mental health, the survey demonstrates the importance
of understanding how gender is socially, traditionally, and culturally created. It implies that
beyond physiological injustices and conventional treatment approaches, finding answers requires
a thorough investigation of cultural, socioeconomic, power, and political variables. The research
could advance and benefit the respondent population that requires assistance by enhancing these
elements.

Appendixes
Questionaries

1. Gender
a. Male
b. Female

2. Age
a. 16-20
b. 21-25
c. 26-30
d. 31-35

3. Education Level
a. High School
b. Undergraduate
c. Graduate
d. Post Graduate

4. Sibling (Yes/No)
a. Yes
b. No

pg. 20
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

5. Do you have any mental issues?

a. Yes
b. No

6. Do you think mental health affects our daily lives?

a. Yes
b. No

7. How do you deal with your depression or mental issues?

a. Listening to music
b. Meditating
c. Social Activities (Hang out, clubbing, etc.)
d. Other

8. When did you notice that you have a mental disorder?

a. 16-20
b. 21-25
c. 26-30
d. 31-35

9. Do you think of seeing a professional therapist?

a. Yes
b. No

10. Who do you open up to when you are having a mental breakdown?
a. Family members
b. Friends
c. Professional Counselling
d. Suffer alone

pg. 21
 SNOWFLAKES
MENTAL HEALTH ON GENDER IN MANDALAY

11. How long did it take when you suffered a breakdown from your mental health?
a. 1 hour
b. 2-5 hours
c. 24 hours

12. When mental breakdowns are happening, whom do people give more attention to?
a. Boys
b. Girls

13. Do you have any suicidal thoughts?

a. Yes
b. No

14. Any suggestions on this survey?

----------------------------------------------------------.

References

Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J. & Williams, T. A., 2010. Statistics for Business and
Economics. 11th ed. USA: Joe Sabatino.

Bhandari, P., 2020. Scribbr. [Online]

Available at: https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/descriptive-statistics/
[Accessed 21 September 2023].

Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2012) “Research Methods for Business Students”
6th edition, Pearson Education Limited
S. M., n.d. What is a crosstab and when to use it. [Online]
Available at: https://www.surveymonkey.co.uk/mp/what-is-a-crosstab-and-when-to-use/
[Accessed 21 9 2023].

pg. 22