Bacterial Diseases & Treatment:

1. Staphylococcus aureus:
- Disease caused by exotoxin release: (GST)
1. Gastroenteritis (food poisoning).
2. Toxic shock syndrome.
3. Scalded skin syndrome (SSS).
- Disease resulting from direct organ invasion:
1. Skin Infection (because it is on the skin)
2. Osteomyelitis (Enter skin and reach bone)
3. Septic Arthritis (From bone to joint)
4. Bacteremia (reaches blood)
And from blood to (Brain, Heart & Lung)
5. Meningitis
6. Endocarditis
7. Pneumonia
8. UTI
- Rx:
1. β -lactamase–resistant = methicillin and nafcillin
2. MRSA = Vancomycin
3. VRSA = Linezolid
4. Skin = Mupirocin

2. Staphylococcus epidermidis:
- Disease:
Infections of prosthetic devices in the body
- Rx :
Vancomycin

3. Staphylococcus saprophyticus:
- Disease: UTI
- Rx: TMP-SMX
4. Streptococcus pyogenes:
- Local infections:
1. Strep Throat
2. Necrotizing fasciitis
3. Impetigo
4. Erysipelas
- Systemic infection:
1. Sepsis
2. Meningitis
3. Scarlet Fever
- Post streptococcal infection;
1. Rheumatic fever (after sore throat): type II hypersensitivity
2. Acute glomerulonephritis (after skin or pharynx infection): type III hypersensitivity
Rx: Penicillin or Ceftriaxone

5. Streptococcus agalactiae: Group B For Babies

- Diseases: neonatal sepsis, pneumonia & meningitis

6. Enterococcus (E.faecalis, E.faecium);

- Disease: UTI, biliary tract infection, and endocarditis
- Rx: Linezolid

7. Non-enterococcus (Streptococcus bovis:

- Disease: Bovis in Blood = Cancer in Colon

8. Viridans Group Streptococci:

- Disease:
1. Tooth carries (S.mutans)
2. Subacute bacterial endocarditis
3. Abscesses (S.intermedius)
9. Streptococcus Pneumoniae: Pneumonia For Parent
(Adult)
- Disease (MOPS): Meningitis, Otitis Media, Pneumonia and Sinusitis
- Vaccine:
1. Pediatric (PCV, pneumococcal capsular vaccine): C = Children
2. Adult (PPV, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine): P = Parent

10. Neisseria gonorrhoea

- Disease:
A) Localized infection:
1. Genital infection
2. Rectal infection
3. Ophthalmia Neonatorum (when passing through birth canal)
4. Throat infection (Oral Sex)
B) Systemic infection: (MEA ‫)ميا الكحبة‬
1. Arthritis.
2. Meningitis.
3. Endocarditis.
- Rx: ceftriaxone + azithromycin or doxycycline

11. Neisseria meningitidis:

- Disease:
1. Meningitis
2. Fulminating meningococcemia (high fever, hypotension and hemorrhagic rash)
- Rx: Penicillin G
- Vaccine: meningococcal capsular vaccine

12. Corynebacterium diphtheriae:

- Disease:
1. NasoPharyngeal Infection (Psuedomembrane) (Diphtheria Toxin)
2. Skin Infection
- Rx: Erythromycin or Penicillin & Diphtheria Antitoxin
13. Bacillus anthracis:
- Disease: depending on the site of entry
1. Cutaneous anthrax (95% of cases); Malignant pustule
2. Inhalation anthrax (4% of cases)
3. Gastrointestinal anthrax (rare)
4. Injection anthrax (heroin)
- Rx: Penicillin, Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin
(Other Non-Pathogenic Bacillus:
Bacillus subtilis = Conjunctivitis , Bacillus cereus = Food Poisoning (Rice))

14. Clostridium botulinum: (Anaerobic)

- Disease: Flaccid Paralysis (Botulism) (Adult = From Spores, Infant = From Honey)
(Canned Food) (Dipolpia) (No CNS)
- Rx: Supportive & Antitoxin

15. Clostridium tetani: (Anaerobic)

- Diseases: Spastic paralysis (tetanus)
- Rx: Penicillin
- Vaccine : tetanus toxoid (DTaP)

16. Clostridium perfringens:

- Disease:
1. Gas gangrene
2. Food poisoning
3. Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
- Rx: Penicillin

17. Clostridium difficile:

- Disease:
1. Pseudomembranous Colitis (Diarrhea bcs of Administration of antibiotics) (sever).
2. Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (mild).
18. Mycobacterium tuberculosis:
- Disease
1. Primary tuberculosis
2. Miliary (disseminated) tuberculosis
- Vaccine (BCG)
- Rx: Penicillin

19. Mycobacterium leprae:

- Disease: Leprosy 2 Types
A. Lepromatous Leprosy (More Severe) (-ve Lepromin skin test)
B. Tuberculoid Leprosy (Less Severe) ( +ve Lepromin skin test)

20. Treponema Pallidum:

- Disease: Syphilis
- Rx: Penicillin
(Borrelia Recurrentis = Relapsing fever)
(Borrelia vincenti = Vincent’’s angina)
(Borrelia burgdorferi = Lyme disease) (Bullseye Rash)
(Leptospira interrogans = Weil's disease)

21. Escherichia coli:

- Disease
1. Enterotoxigenic = Traveler's Diarrhea (watery diarrhea without blood)
2. Enteropathogenic = Diarrhea in Infants (watery diarrhea without blood)
3. Enteroinvasive = Bloody Diarrhea
4. Enteroaggregative = Persistent diarrhea in children
5. Enterohemorrhagic = haemolytic uremic syndrome & hemorrhagic colitis
6. Uropathogenic = UTI (The most common causative agent)
7. Septicemia & Meningitis in Neonates (like S.agalactaie)
- Rx: Rifaximin, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin and TMP-SMX

22. Klebsiella:
- Disease:
1. Nosocomial Pneumonia
2. Neonatal bacteremia & septicemia
3. UTI
- Rx: cefuroxime

23. Proteus:
- Disease:
1. Kidney Stones
2. UTI
- Rx: Penicillins

24. Pseudomonas aeruginosa:

- Disease: (cause most hospital acqiured infections)

1. Wounds & Burns infections
2. Meningitis
3. UTI
4. Necrotizing pneumonia
5. Otitis externa
6. Ecthyma gangrenosum
- Rx: Cephalosporins

25. Brucella:
- Disease: (Brucellosis) or (Malta Fever) or (Undulant Fever)
(fever usually undulating) (Enlarged lymph node, liver and spleen)
- Rx: doxycycline + rifampin or streptomycin

26. Campylobacter jejuni:

- Disease: Bloody Diarrhea

27. Helicobacter pylori:

Triple ⊕: catalase ⊕, oxidase ⊕, and urease ⊕
- Disease:
Chronic Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer, Duodenal Ulcer & Gastric Cancer
- Rx:
Triple Therapy: antibiotics cure Pylori
1. amoxicillin (metronidazole if penicillin allergy)
2. clarithromycin
3. proton pump inhibitor

28. Haemophilus influenzae:

- Disease: Haemophilus
1. Epiglottitis
2. Meningitis
3. Otitis media
4. Pneumonia
- Rx: Amoxicillin