A2 Key Verbs B2 First Verbs (+ those for A2 Key and B1 Preliminary)

B1 Preliminary Verbs (+ those for A2 Key)

Irregular verbs

Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Meaning in Spanish

arise arose arisen levantarse; surgir
awake awoke awoken despertarse
be was/were been ser; estar
bear bore born soportar; llevar
beat beat beaten golpear; vencer
become became become llegar a ser;convertirse
begin began begun empezar
bend bent bent doblar; flexionar
bet bet bet apostar
bind bound bound unir; vincular
bite bit bitten morder
bleed bled bled sangrar
blow blew blown soplar
break broke broken romper
bring brought brought traer; llevar
broadcast broadcast broadcast transmitir
build built built construir
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt quemar
buy bought bought comprar
cast cast cast echar; arrojar
catch caught caught coger; atrapar
choose chose chosen elegir
cling clung clung aferrarse; agarrarse
come came come venir
cost cost cost costar
creep crept crept arrastrarse; moverse agachado
cut cut cut cortar
deal dealt dealt tratar
dig dug dug cavar, excavar
A2 Key Verbs B2 First Verbs (+ those for A2 Key and B1 Preliminary)
B1 Preliminary Verbs (+ those for A2 Key)
dive dove1 dived/dove/doven2 bucear
do did done hacer (actividad)
draw drew drawn dibujar; atraer
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed soñar
drink drank drunk3 beber
drive drove driven conducir
dwell dwelt/dwelled dwelt/dwelled morar; habitar
eat ate eaten comer
fall fell fallen caer
feed fed fed alimentar
feel felt felt sentir
fight fought fought luchar
find found found encontrar
fit fit/fitted fit/fitted encajar; ajustar
flee fled fled huir
fling flung flung arrojar
fly flew flown volar
forbid forbade forbidden prohibir
forecast forecast forecast prever, predecir
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
forgive forgave forgiven perdonar
freeze froze frozen congelar(se)
get got gotten4/got obtener
give gave given dar
go went gone/been5 ir
grow grew grown crecer; cultivar
hang hung/hanged6 hung/hanged colgar
have had had tener
hear heard heard oír

1
Chiefly in North American English.
2
The form “dove” is relatively rare even in those dialects and “doven” is only used
dialectically.
3
The adjectival form is “drunken” which can only be used accompanying a noun.
4
The form “gotten” is mostly used in the Americas and some zones of Britain.
5
“Been” is the past participle form of “to go” when referring to having gone and having
come back from the place in question.
6
The form “hanged” is used when to hang refers to executing someone by hanging by the
neck.
A2 Key Verbs B2 First Verbs (+ those for A2 Key and B1 Preliminary)
B1 Preliminary Verbs (+ those for A2 Key)
hide hid hidden ocultar(se)
hit hit hit golpear
hold held held sostener; mantener
hurt hurt hurt herir; doler
keep kept kept guardar; quedarse
kneel knelt/kneeled knelt/kneeled arrodillarse
knit knit/knitted knit/knitted tejer (hacer punto)
know knew known saber; conocer (saber quién es)
lay laid laid poner; depositar
lead led led guiar; llevar
lean leant/leaned leant/leaned inclinar(se)7
leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped saltar8
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned aprender
leave left left dejar; abandoran9
lend lent lent prestar
let let let dejar, permitir
lie lay lain yacer; estar tumbado
light lit/lighted lit/lighted10 encender; prender (fuego)
lose lost lost perder11
make made made hacer (fabricar)
mean meant meant significar
meet met met encontrarse; conocer12; quedar
mow mowed mown/mowed cortar (hierba/césped); segar
pay paid paid pagar
prove proved proved/proven13 probar; demostrar
put put put poner
quit quit quit dejar; abandonar

7
“To lean on” may be translated as “apoyarse” as it means “inclinarse sobre algo”.
8
The main difference with jumping is that leaping means to jump a great distance, from a
great height or with great strength.
9
Also used with places as you leave them when you get out of them.
10
The form “lit” is the preferred one when used as a verb (both past and participle forms),
however the form “lighted” is normally used as an adjective.
11
The difference between losing and missing is that losing implies that we previously
possessed the thing in question, whereas missing implies not being able to take profit of
something or some opportunity.
12
The difference with “to know” when translated as “conocer” is that “to meet” is “conocer
por primera vez” whereas “to know” is “saber quién alguien es”.
13
“Proven” is always used as the adjectival form of the verb, and usually as the past
participle (use shared with “proved”).
A2 Key Verbs B2 First Verbs (+ those for A2 Key and B1 Preliminary)
B1 Preliminary Verbs (+ those for A2 Key)
read [ri(:)d] read [rɛd] read [rɛd] leer
ride rode ridden montar
ring rang rung sonar/tocar timbre/teléfono
rise rose risen levantarse
run ran run correr
saw sawed sawn/sawed serrar
say said said decir
see saw seen ver
seek sought sought buscar
sell sold sold vender
send sent sent enviar
set set set organizar; ajustar
sew sewd sewn/sewed coser
shake shook shaken agitar
shear sheared shorn/sheared esquilar
shed shed shed desprender(se)
shine shone shone brillar
shit14 shat shat hacer de vientre
shite15 shit/shat/shited shited/shitten hacer de vientre
shoot shot shot disparar; filmar
show showed shown mostrar
shrink shrank shrunk encoger(se)
shut shut shut cerrar
sing sang sung cantar
sink sank sunk16 hundir(se)
sit sat sat sentarse
sleep slept slept dormir
slide slid slid deslizar(se); resbalar(se)
sling slung slung tirar, arrojar
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled oler
sneak17 snuck snuck escabullirse; ir a hurtadillas
sow sowed sown/sowed sembrar

14
Vulgar and profane verb. Not advised outside familiar conversations.
15
Vulgar and profane verb. Not advised outside familiar conversations.
16
The adjectival form is “sunken”, which can be used both accompanying a noun and after
the verb.
17
Irregular forms chiefly found in North American English.
A2 Key Verbs B2 First Verbs (+ those for A2 Key and B1 Preliminary)
B1 Preliminary Verbs (+ those for A2 Key)
speak spoke spoken hablar
speed sped/speeded sped/speeded ir a mucha velocidad
spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled deletrear
spend spent spent gastar
spin spun/span spun girar
spit spit/spat spit/spat escupir
spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled derramar
split split split dividir
spoil spoilt spoilt estropear/fastidiar
spread spread spread extender
spring sprang sprung brotar; manar
stand stood stood estar de pie
steal stole stolen robar
stick stuck stuck pegar (pegamento)
stink stank stunk apestar
strike struck struck golpear
sting stung stung picar
strive strove striven esforzarse, luchar
swear swore sworn jurar; decir palabrotas
sweep swept swept barrer
swell swelled swollen/swelled hinchar(se)
swim swam swum nadar
swing swung swung balancear(se)
take took taken coger; tomar
teach taught taught enseñar
tear tore torn desgarrar
tell told told decir; contar
think thought thought pensar
throw threw thrown lanzar
thrust thrust thrust empujar
tread18 trod trodden pisar
understand understood understood comprender
wake woke woken despertar
wear wore worn llevar puesto

18
The verb “to tread” needs the preposition “on” when used as it is “to tread on something
or somebody”.
A2 Key Verbs B2 First Verbs (+ those for A2 Key and B1 Preliminary)
B1 Preliminary Verbs (+ those for A2 Key)
weave wove woven/weaved tejer (con telar)
weep wept wept llorar (sollozar)
wet wet/wetted wet/wetted mojar
win won won ganar
wind wound wound enrollar; dar cuerda
wring wrung wrung torcer, retorcer
write wrote written escribir