Hawi Atieno

21/07188
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BBIT 2101
ASSIGNMENT TWO
1) With suitable examples of python functions explain types of machine learning.

Machine learning is the branch of Artificial Intelligence that focuses on developing models and
algorithms that let computers learn from data and improve from previous experience without
being explicitly programmed for every task. Each type has its own set of algorithms and
techniques tailored for different kinds of data and problems. Here's a brief explanation of each
type with suitable Python function examples:

 Supervised Learning: defined as when a model gets trained on a “Labelled Dataset”.

Labelled datasets have both input and output parameters. In Supervised
Learning algorithms learn to map points between inputs and correct outputs. It has both
training and validation datasets labelled.
Example: Classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM)

 Unsupervised Learning: Unsupervised learning deals with unlabeled data, where the
algorithm tries to learn the underlying structure or distribution in the data without any
supervision. The primary goal of unsupervised learning is often to discover hidden
patterns, similarities, or clusters within the data, which can then be used for various
purposes, such as data exploration, visualization, dimensionality reduction, and more.
Example: Clustering using K-means

 Reinforcement learning: involves an agent learning to make decisions by interacting

with an environment. The agent learns to achieve a goal in an uncertain, potentially
complex environment through trial and error.
Example: Q-learning

2) For each learning in (1) above state their applications

Supervised Learning Applications

 Image classification: Identify objects, faces, and other features in images.

 Natural language processing: Extract information from text, such as sentiment, entities,
and relationships.
 Speech recognition: Convert spoken language into text.
 Recommendation systems: Make personalized recommendations to users.
 Predictive analytics: Predict outcomes, such as sales, customer churn, and stock prices.
Unsupervised Learning Applications
 Clustering: Group similar data points into clusters.
 Anomaly detection: Identify outliers or anomalies in data.
 Dimensionality reduction: Reduce the dimensionality of data while preserving its
essential information.
 Recommendation systems: Suggest products, movies, or content to users based on their
historical behavior or preferences.
 Density estimation: Estimate the probability density function of data.
 Image and video compression: Reduce the amount of storage required for multimedia
content.
 Data preprocessing: Help with data preprocessing tasks such as data cleaning,
imputation of missing values, and data scaling.

Reinforcement learning Applications

 Game Playing: Training agents to play video games such as Atari games, chess, or Go.
 Robotics: Teaching robots to perform tasks like grasping objects, navigating through
environments, or optimizing resource usage in industrial settings.
 Autonomous Vehicles: Training self-driving cars to navigate roads safely and efficiently,
traffic signal optimization.
 Recommendation Systems: Personalized recommendations in e-commerce, content
recommendation in streaming platforms, personalized learning paths in educational
platforms.
 Healthcare: RL can be used to optimize treatment plans and drug discovery.
 Natural Language Processing (NLP): RL can be used in dialogue systems and chat bots