https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=2s_AKcf86Wk
Science 4 th Qrtr
4. Mod.1.L.1 Soil: It’s Types and Characteristics
Soil
 a system into which energy and matter from
the sun, the atmosphere, and living organisms
penetrate and interact
 It is a system because it is composed of many
different parts.
 Each of the layers has a special function to
perform.
Learning Circuit!
Soil
 covers most of the land part of the earth. You
find plants, animals, houses and other
organisms on the soil
 We live on the soil and it helps us in many
ways.
 Different types of soil have different physical
characteristics.
Types of Soil Common Characteristics
1.Clay- particles are tightly packed together.
--sticky when wet //finest texture.
2.Loam - is a mixture of sand and clay.
---contains large amount of decaying plants and
animals ( humus )
---has a fine texture
--- can hold enough water and oxygen
3.Sand - particles are coarse and
loose
-- cannot hold water well.
clay loam
Lesson 2 :Layers of Soil
1. The Topsoil (A- Horizon)
 uppermost layer of the soil
 rich with organic materials called humus and with
minerals needed for plant growth. Humus comes
from decaying plants and animals..
2. The Sub-soil (B- Horizon)
 composed of loosely arranged rocks, sand, and clay
 This layer is very rich with minerals that drain
from topsoil.
 When the topsoil is washed out, the subsoil alone
cannot support plant life.
3. The Parent Rock (C-Horizon)
is composed of rocks that are slowly breaking apart. It is
exposed to very little weathering. It does not contain
necessary nutrients and water needed for plant growth.

4. The Bedrock (C- Horizon)

 lowest of the soil layers
 made up of undisturbed large boulders and gravel
 contains materials good for constructing buildings and
making roads.
 No plant life can survive in this layer.
4. Q4 Mod. 1 .1: Post Assessment
1. Which of these is made up of the smallest
particles of rocks from decayed plants
and animals?
A. Land B. Mineral C. Soil D. Mud
2. There are how many types of soil?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
3. Which type of soil has the finest particles and
can hold greater amount of water?
A. Clay B. Loam C. Sand D. Rock
4. In which layer of the soil do we usually find
loam?
A. Bedrock B. Parent soil C. Topsoil D. Mantle
-5. It is the layer of soil that is rich with organic
materials called humus and minerals which
are important for plant growth.
A. Bedrock B. Parent soil C. Topsoil D. Crust
Test B. T F

1. Loam soil contains decayed plants and

animals.
2. Sand has the finest particles.
3. Sub-soil is located just below the topsoil.
4. Sand do not hold enough water.
5. Bedrock is made up of undisturbed large
boulders and gravel.
loam topsoil clay soil bedrock
1. It covers most of Earth’s land surface.
_________
2. It is a type of soil that is very rich in
nutrients, making it very fertile and ideal for
planting.
3. A type of soil that is used for making pots.
4. It is the bottom layer of the soil. _________
5. It is the layer that is rich in humus and other
nutrients.
4. Mod, 2 : Sources of Water
3 main sources of water
1. Seawater
 It contains plenty of salt.
 It is found in the seas and oceans.
 Seawater is called hard water
2. Freshwater
is also called surface water.
 does not contain salt
 found on open but small bodies of water like rivers, lakes, creeks, and
ponds
 comes mostly from rain
Rainwater flows from land into streams and rivers. In cold
countries, it also comes from snow which melts and runs into the surface
water during spring.
3. Groundwater
 is found below the surface of the earth. It comes
from water that move deep into the ground. It is
stored in
the underground layer
called water table.
 safe source of water.
 considered the cleanest water and contains
plenty of dissolved minerals which the human
body needs
 Springs are openings of the
groundwater directly to the
earth’s surface.
Other sources of water are:
clouds - come evaporating water
Icebergs
glaciers - solid water found only in very cold
countries and contain about two-thirds of the
earth’s freshwater

iceberg glacier cloud

Learning Circuit!

Water is a renewable resource because of the water

cycle. There are two problems with water:
 amount of distribution
 quality or safety
Uses of Water:
for cleaning
washing
bathing,
preparing food and other household uses
support plant and animal life
. Without water, plants will wither.
And animals and people will die of thirst.
rivers, lakes, and springs are used for recreation.
It is used for swimming and boating.
rivers are sources of shrimps, crabs and shellfish
transportation using boats irrigation for the farm
in factories