Class 9 – Chapter One Surajit Halder

Object Oriented Programming Concepts Computer Teacher

7477753450

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Procedure Oriented Programming gives importance to ______________.

1. Instructions only ✓ 3. Data only
2. Instructions and data 4. None of these
Explanation
As Procedure Oriented Programming follows Top-down approach so the focus is
on the steps or instructions to solve a problem.

Question 2: Procedure Oriented Programming mainly uses ______________.

1. Top-down approach ✓ 3. Bottom-up approach
2. Top-down and bottom-up 4. None of these
approach
Explanation
In Top-down approach, we first list down the main steps involved in solving a
problem. After that we break up each of those steps into their sub-steps and so
on. This is similar to Procedure Oriented Programming where we first write a
main function and then call sub-functions from the main function to perform
each of these steps.

Question 3: Object Oriented Programming mainly uses ______________.

1. Top-down approach 3. Bottom-up approach ✓
2. Top-down and bottom-up 4. None of these
approach
Explanation
In Bottom-up approach to programming, the smallest individual parts of the
system are first identified and specified in detail. These individual parts are then
linked together to form larger and larger components until the entire program is
ready. Object Oriented Programming follows bottom-up approach because in
OOP we first identify the smallest parts of the program i.e. the objects. We then
combine these objects to develop the complete program.

Question 4: An object belonging to a particular class is known as a/an

______________. of that class.
1. Interface 3. Alias
2. Instance ✓ 4. Member
Explanation
The terms object and instance are often interchangeable.

Question 5: Objects that share the same attributes and behaviour are grouped
together into a/an ______________.
1. Interface 3. Alias
2. Instance 4. Class ✓
Explanation
A class is a template or blueprint for multiple objects with similar features and
maybe regarded as a specification for creating similar objects.

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 1

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

Question 6: ______________ is the technique of binding both data and functions

together to keep them safe from unauthorised access and misuse.
1. Abstraction 3. Encapsulation ✓
2. Inheritance 4. Polymorphism
Explanation
This is the definition of Encapsulation.

Question 7: ______________ refers to the act of representing essential features

without including the background details.
1. Abstraction ✓ 3. Encapsulation
2. Inheritance 4. Polymorphism
Explanation
This is the definition of Abstraction.

Question 8: ______________. is the feature by means of which one class acquires the
properties of another class.
1. Abstraction 3. Encapsulation
2. Inheritance ✓ 4. Polymorphism
Explanation
This is the definition of Inheritance.

Question 9: The ability of a function or object to take on multiple forms is called

______________.
1. Abstraction 3. Encapsulation
2. Inheritance 4. Polymorphism ✓
Explanation
This is the definition of Polymorphism.

Question 10: The term OOP stands for

1. Object Oriented Procedure 3. Object Oriented Programming ✓
2. Object Oriented Packet 4. Object Orientation Procedure

State whether the given statements are True or False

1. Low-level languages are closer to computer hardware. True
2. In a procedural language, code and data are held separately. True
3. In object-oriented programming, code and data are held separately. False
4. Wrapping up data and related functions in a single unit represents
encapsulation. True
5. The object is also known as an instance. True
6. The class that is derived from another class is called a superclass. False
7. Classes can be derived from other classes. True
8. Inheritance allows a class to acquire the properties of another class. True
9. A class is a blueprint for the attributes and behaviours of a group of objects.
True
10. Objects from the same class do not share the same definition of attributes and
behaviours. False

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 2

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

Assignment Questions
1. What are programming languages? Describe the various generations of
programming languages.
A Programming Language is a set of commands and syntax used to create a computer
program. The various generations of programming languages are:

1. First Generation Programming Language —

a) Machine language is the first-generation programming language (1GL).
b) It is made up of binary number 0 (Zero) and 1 (One) so instructions in
Machine language are sequences of zeros and ones.
c) It is a low-level language.
2. Second Generation Programming Language —
a) Assembly language is second-generation language (2GL).
b) It uses symbolic operations called mnemonics instead of binary digits that
can have up to maximum of five letters.
c) Assembly language is also a low-level language.
3. Third Generation Programming Language —
a) A third-generation language (3GL) is close to English in vocabulary.
b) These languages are easier to read and require less time to write programs.
c) Third-generation programming languages are high-level programming
languages, such as FORTRAN, Java, C, and C++.
4. Fourth Generation Programming Language —
a) A fourth-generation language (4GL) is closer to a natural language (for
example, English) than a third- generation language.
b) These languages are non-procedural. It means that the programmer
specifies what is required as opposed to how it is to be done.
c) Database languages such as Structured Query Language (SQL), report
generators such as Oracle Reports, and Python are examples of fourth-
generation languages.
5. Fifth Generation Programming Language —
a) A fifth-generation language (5GL) is designed to solve a given problem using
constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by
a programmer.
b) The fifth-generation languages are mainly used in Artificial Intelligence.
c) Smalltalk, Prolog, and Mercury are good examples of the fifth-generation
languages.

2. High Level language and Low Level language

High Level language Low Level language

High Level language is machine

Low Level language is machine dependent.
independent.

Low Level language is machine friendly so

High Level language is human friendly so it
it is difficult to understand for
is easy to understand for programmers.
programmers.

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 3

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

High Level language Low Level language

High Level language needs a compiler or Low Level language might need a assembler
interpreter for translation to machine code. for translation to machine code.

Programs written in High Level language Programs written in Low Level language are
are easier to modify and debug. hard to modify and debug.

3. What are programming paradigms? Briefly explain two popular programming

paradigms.
A programming paradigm is an approach or style of programming that is used to
classify programming languages. Each programming language uses one or more
programming paradigms. Two popular programming paradigms are:

1. Procedure Oriented Programming — In this programming paradigm, a complex

programming problem is solved by dividing it into smaller problems using
functions (or procedures).
2. Object Oriented Programming — In this programming paradigm, data and
functions are wrapped into a single unit.

4. What are the characteristics of procedural programming?

The characteristics of procedural programming are:

1. Procedural programming follows a top-down approach.

2. The program is divided into blocks of codes called functions, where each
function performs a specific task.
3. The data and functions are detached from each other.
4. The data moves freely in a program.
5. It is easy to follow the logic of a program.
6. A function can access other function's data by calling that function.

5. What are the limitations of procedural programming?

The limitations of procedural programming are:

1. Procedural programming mainly focuses on procedures or functions. Less

attention is given to the data.
2. The data and functions are separate from each other.
3. Changes in data types need to be carried out manually all over the program and
in the functions using the same data type.
4. Limited and difficult code reusability.
5. It does not model real-world entities (e.g., car, table, bank account, loan) very
well where we as a human being, perceive everything as an object.
6. The procedural programming approach does not work well for large and
complex systems.

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 4

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

6. Write a short note on Object Oriented Programming.

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm which revolves
around the behaviour of an object, and its interactions with other objects and classes.
In OOP, the program is organised around data or objects rather than functions or
procedures. It follows the design principles
of Data Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.

7. What are the characteristics of object-oriented programming?

The characteristics of object-oriented programming are:

1. It follows a bottom-up approach.

2. The program resulting from object-oriented programming is a collection of
objects. Each object has its own data and a set of operations.
3. OOP restricts the free movement of data and the functions that operate on it.
4. A properly defined class can be reused, giving way to code reusability.
5. The concept of object-oriented programming models real-world entities very
well.
6. Due to its object-oriented approach, it is extremely useful in solving complex
problems.

8. What are the limitations of object-oriented programming?

Limitations of object-oriented programming:

1. The size of the programs created using this approach may become larger than
the programs written using procedure-oriented programming approach.
2. Software developed using this approach requires a substantial amount of pre-
work and planning.
3. OOP code is difficult to understand if you do not have the corresponding class
documentation.
4. In certain scenarios, these programs can consume a large amount of memory.

9. Differentiate between the Owner's and the Vet's perspective in Figure 1.24
From the viewpoint of the dog's owner, the things that are essential for the dog are his
favorite food, the colour of his food bowl, his favorite game that he enjoys playing with
his owner, his preferred time for walk, etc.
From the viewpoint of the dog's vet (doctor for animals), the important things about
the dog are whether the dog's body functions are normal or not to ensure that the dog
is healthy. Like this, there can be two abstractions for the dog — one for the dog's
owner and the other for the dog's vet.

10. Polymorphism means different forms.

Explain Polymorphism in Java and provide
examples to support your answer.
Polymorphism is the ability of a method or an
object to take on multiple forms.
In OOP, polymorphism allows an operation to
exhibit different behaviour in different instances.
The behaviour depends upon the type of data
used in the operation.

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 5

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

For example, consider the operation of addition. For two numbers, the operation will
generate a sum. If the operands are strings, then the operation would produce a third
string by concatenation.

11. Differentiate between the Car Mechanic's and Car Driver's perspective in Figure
1.25
From the viewpoint of the driver, a car is one single object. It can be operated using
gears, indicators, accelerator, brake, etc.
The driver doesn't need to know or
understand the internal mechanisms of
how these components actually work.
From the viewpoint of the mechanic, it
is important for him to understand how
the internal mechanisms like gears,
indicators, accelerator, brake, etc. actually
work so that they can identify and fix
issues with the cars. For a mechanic, each
car part is a single object.

15. Write a short note on the principles of Object Oriented Programming.

There are four principles of Object Oriented Programming:

1. Data Abstraction — It refers to the act of representing essential features

without including the background details.
2. Encapsulation — It is a mechanism that binds the data and code (functions)
together into a single unit.
3. Inheritance — It is a powerful mechanism by which one class acquires the
properties of another class.
4. Polymorphism — It is the ability of a function or object to take on multiple
forms.

16. Explain the difference between Inheritance and Encapsulation with suitable
examples.
Encapsulation is a mechanism that binds together code and the data it manipulates
whereas Inheritance is the mechanism by which a class acquires the properties and
methods of another class.
An ATM binding together the different denominations of currency notes and all the
operations required to withdraw cash is an example of Encapsulation.
Classifying Vehicles as Car, Bike, Bus, Truck, etc. is an example of Inheritance.

17. What are the differences between Procedural Programming and Object-oriented
Programming?
Procedural Programming Object-Oriented Programming

Follows a top-down approach Follows a bottom-up approach

Instruction Oriented Data Oriented

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 6

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

Procedural Programming Object-Oriented Programming

Interaction with program is via direct Interaction with program is via

function calls. functions defined in the class only.

Real world is represented by objects and

Real world is represented by
the operations that can be performed on
'procedures' operating on data.
these objects.

Data and functions are encapsulated

Data and functions are separate.
into a single unit.

Data security is less as it contains lesser It is more secure as one of its primary
features to protect the data. features include data hiding.

Only the data whose access has been

A function can access any other
granted can be accessed by another
function's data by calling that function.
function.

Limited and difficult code reusability. Versatile and easy code reusability.

Code is difficult to modify, extend and Code is easy to modify, extend and
maintain. maintain.

Some examples of Procedural

Some examples of Object Oriented
Programming languages are C, COBOL,
languages are C++, Java, C#.
Pascal.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Java applications ...........
1. Are platform dependent 3. Are platform independent ✓
2. Don't need a platform to run 4. Can't run on Windows
Question 2: JVM stands for ...........
1. Java Visual Monitor 3. Java Virtual Monitor
2. Java Video Monitor 4. Java Virtual Machine ✓
Question 3: JRE stands for ...........
1. Java Runtime Editor 3. Java Runtime Expression
2. Java Runtime Environment ✓ 4. Java Runtime Enabler
Question 4: Stand-alone Java applications ........... for execution.
1. Need Java-compatible web 3. Don't need Java-compatible web
browser browser ✓
2. Need an assembler 4. Need a linker
Question 5: Java uses ........... for execution.
1. Compiler and interpreter ✓ 3. Compiler only
2. Interpreter only 4. None of these
Question 6: A program that translates code written in a high-level language into
machine code is called ...........
1. Assembler 3. Compiler ✓
2. Linker 4. None of these

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 7

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

Question 7: A program that translates an assembly language program into machine

code is called a/an ...........
1. Assembler ✓ 3. Compiler
2. Linker 4. None of these
Question 8: Java is ...........
1. Robust 3. Secure
2. Object oriented 4. All of these ✓
Question 9: Java can be used to write ...........
1. Stand-alone applications only 3. Internet applications only
2. Both stand-alone and internet 4. None of these
applications ✓
Question 10: Java applications can run on ...........
1. Windows platform 3. UNIX platform
2. Macintosh platform 4. All of these ✓

State whether given statements are True or False

1. Stand-alone Java applications cannot run independently on a computer. False
2. A console based Java application is designed to be used via a text-only interface.
True
3. Java Applets are Java applications that run within a web browser. True
4. The machine language version of the source code generated by the compilation
process is specific to the processor you are compiling on. True
5. The Bytecode files are generated with the ".java" extension. False
6. Java uses a combination of compilation and interpretation. True
7. An interpreter translates the source code instructions into machine code all at
once. False
8. JVM stands for Java Virtual Monitor. False
9. Machine language for JVM is called Bytecode. True

Assignment Questions
Question 1: Write a short note on types of Java programs.
There are two types of Java programs — Java Stand-Alone Applications and Java
Applets.
Java Stand-Alone Applications
A stand-alone Java application refers to a Java program that can run
independently on a computer. Acrobat Reader is an excellent example of this
type of application. In Java, every stand-alone application begins its execution
with the main() method. Java stand-alone applications can be classified into two
types:
a. Console based applications
b. Graphical User Interface based applications

Java Applets
Java applets are Java applications that run within a web browser. They are
mainly used for internet programming. The applet is capable of performing
many tasks on a web page, such as displaying graphics, playing sounds, and
accepting user input.

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 8

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

Question 2: How is Java platform independent?

Java applications are platform independent, which means that Java applications can be
run on any platform.
After Java source code is compiled, it is converted into bytecode.
The bytecode is then interpreted by the JVM. JVM can be installed on several different
operating systems such as Windows, UNIX, Macintosh, etc.
JVM allows Java programs to run on almost any computer regardless of its hardware
configuration.
Due to this factor, Java is considered as a platform independent language.

Question 3: Describe the traditional compilation process with a suitable diagram.

In traditional compilation process, the machine language code generated by the
compiler is specific to the platform for which the source code is compiled.
Every high-level language has a separate platform specific compiler to generate the
machine code that can run on the specific platform.
For example, the executable file generated by compiling a C++ program on Windows
platform will not run on Macintosh. It needs to be compiled with C++ Macintosh
compiler. The below diagram illustrates this:

Question 4: Describe the Java compilation process with a suitable diagram.

In Java compilation process, the source code of a Java program is compiled to an
intermediate binary code called the Bytecode.
This Bytecode cannot be directly executed by the machine. It is understood by a virtual
machine known as Java Virtual Machine or JVM. JVM contains a Java interpreter which
converts the Bytecode into machine code of the target computer. JVM is platform
specific i.e. each platform has its own JVM. But once the proper JVM is installed on the
machine, it can run any Java Bytecode program. The below diagram illustrates this:

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 9

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

Question 5: How is traditional compilation process different from Java compilation

process?
In traditional compilation process, the machine language code generated by the
compiler is specific to the platform for which the source code is compiled.
The executable file generated for one platform like Windows will not work on other
platforms like Macintosh.
In Java compilation process, the source code of a Java program is compiled to an
intermediate binary code called the Bytecode. This Bytecode is interpreted and
executed by JVM on the target platform. Bytecode is platform independent so the same
Bytecode which is generated for one platform like Windows will work on other
platforms like Macintosh without any modifications.

Question 6: What are JVM?

JVM stands for the Java Virtual Machine.
It is a virtual machine that runs Java programs and can be installed on several different
operating systems such as Windows, UNIX, Macintosh etc.
JVMs allow Java programs to run on almost any computer.
A JVM processes instructions similar to a physical processor.
However, the Java code (with "java" extension) must first be converted into Bytecode
that the JVM understands.

Question 7: Distinguish between the following:

a. Source code and Object code
Source Code Object Code

It is a set of instructions written in a high- It is the compiler generated machine

level programming language. language version of the source code.

It is not human readable but is

It can be read and understood by humans.
understood by machines.

b. Compiler and Interpreter

Compiler Interpreter

It converts the whole source program into It converts the source program into
the object program at once. the object program, one line at a time.

It displays the error one line at a time

It displays the errors for the whole program
and only after fixing that error the
together, after the compilation.
control goes to the next line.

c. ".java" file and ".class" file

".java" file ".class" file

It contains the Java source code of the It contains the Bytecode of the
program. program.

It is written by human (programmer) It is generated by Java compiler.

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 10

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

Question 8: What is Java Bytecode?

The programs written in Java are compiled into a machine language for a virtual
computer called Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The machine language for this special Java
Virtual Machine is called Java Bytecode. The Bytecode files are generated with the
".class" extension.

Question 9: Describe the slogan, "Write once, run anywhere" in relation to Java.
Bytecode and JVM makes Java programs platform independent. This is one of the most
important and powerful features of Java. The Bytecode of a Java program can be run
on any platform that has a corresponding JVM installed on it. No modifications to this
Bytecode are required. Hence, it is said that Java provides "Write once, run anywhere"
capabilities.

Question 10: Mention at least four features of Java.

Four features of Java are:
1. It is an Object Oriented Programming Language.
2. It is platform independent. It provides us Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA)
feature.
3. It uses a compiler as well as an interpreter.
4. It is case sensitive.

Fill in the blanks

1. An act of using essential features without including background details is
called Data Abstraction.
2. In an Object Oriented Programming, the stress is given on data.
3. Wrapping of data and function together as a single unit is called Encapsulation.
4. An object has unique identity through which it may differ with some
characteristics and behaviour.
5. The objects may communicate with each other through function.
6. In POP, the global data are loosely attached to the function.
7. The process by which a class acquires the property of another class is known
as inheritance.
8. In Object Oriented Programming, using a function for many purposes is termed
as polymorphism.

State whether the given statements are TRUE or FALSE

1. In assembly level language, the instructions are given in terms of 0's and 1's.
False
2. PASCAL is a structure oriented programming language. True
3. Machine level language requires a translator to convert input instructions to be
understood by the machine. False
4. Compilers and Interpreters are referred to as Language processors. True
5. A process according to which a class acquires the characteristics from another
class is Encapsulation. False
6. Procedure oriented program stresses on data. False
7. C++ is also an object oriented programming language. True
8. An object is identified by its characteristics. True
9. Function is a set of objects that share the common state and behaviour. False
10. Encapsulation keeps data safe from outside interference. True

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 11

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

Name the following

Question 1: Two categories of Low Level languages
(a) Assembly Language (b) Machine Language
Question 2: Two Procedure Oriented Languages
(a) BASIC (b) COBOL
Question 3: Two structure oriented programming languages
(a) PASCAL (b) ALGOL
Question 4: Two examples of Data Abstraction in your daily life
(a) Electrical Switchboard (b) ATM
Question 5: Two examples of real world objects
(a) Television (b) Car
Question 6: Two basic principles of Object Oriented Programming
(a) Encapsulation (b) Inheritance

Answer the following questions

Question 1: Which OOP principle implements function overloading? Explain

Polymorphism implements function overloading. It is the process of using a
function/method for more than one purpose.
In function overloading, we write more than one function with the same name but
differing in the number and types of their arguments to perform different tasks. This
way we get different behaviours using the same function name.

Write True or False

1. Java application is a Java program which is developed by users. True
2. James Gosling developed Java programming language. True
3. Machine codes are expressed using alphanumeric characters. False
4. Byte code is the program in binary form. True
5. JVM is Java Visual Management. False
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words
1. Java is a case sensitive language.
2. In Java, the package used to find power raised to any base is java.lang.
3. The words which are preserved with the system are
called keywords/reserved words, that can not be used as variable names in
Java programming.
4. A single line comment is represented by the symbol // in Java programming.

Answer the following questions

Question 1: Who developed Java? What was it initially called?
James Gosling developed Java programming language. It was initially called Oak.

Question 2: Define the following:

(a) A compiler
A compiler is a program that translates a source program written in some high-level
programming language into a target program in another low-level programming
language without changing the meaning of the program.

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 12

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

The compiler processes the complete source program at once and if there are
compilation errors, they are all reported together at once.

(b) An interpreter
An interpreter is a program that reads a source program line by line, converts each line
into its equivalent machine code and executes it. As it reads the program line by line so
the errors are reported one by one.

(c) Byte code

Java compiler converts Java source code into an intermediate binary code called
Bytecode. Bytecode can't be executed directly on the processor. It needs to be
converted into Machine Code first.

Question 3: What is Java Virtual Machine (JVM)?

Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a software that takes Bytecode as input, converts it into
Machine code of the specific platform it is running on and executes it. JVM is platform
specific, each platform has its own JVM.

Question 4: Define Package. Name three packages of Java Class Library.

A package is a named collection of java classes that are grouped on basis of their
functionality. The import keyword is used to load a package into a java program.
Three packages of Java Class Library are:
1. java.lang
2. java.io
3. java.util

Question 5: What are Java reserved words? Name any five.

In Java, a reserved word is a word that has a predefined meaning in the language. Due
to this, reserved words can’t be used as names for variables, methods, classes or any
other identifier. Reserved words are also known as keywords.
Five commonly used Java reserved words are:
1. public 4. double
2. class 5. char
3. int
Question 6: Distinguish between: JDK and BlueJ
JDK BlueJ

JDK or Java Development Kit is the set of BlueJ is an IDE or Integrated Development
tools required to compile and run Java Environment for developing Java
programs programs.

BlueJ provides tools like Code Editor,

JDK includes tools like Compiler,
Debugger, Syntax Highlighting, Viewer
Interpreter, Java libraries, etc.
etc.

IDE isn't essential for developing Java

JDK is essential for developing Java
programs but it makes the process easier
programs.
and efficient.

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 13

 Surajit Halder
Computer Teacher
7477753450

Question 7: Name a package that is invoked by default. Java.lang

Question 8: Java is a case sensitive. Explain.

Java is case sensitive means that it distinguishes between upper case and lower case
characters. Consider the below code snippet:
int studentMarks;
StudentMarks = 85;
This will give a compilation error as Java will treat studentMarks and StudentMarks as
two different variables because the case of the characters is not same in both.

Question 9: The main function in a Java program is declared as:

public static void main (String args[])
What is the significance of the words public, static and void?
public — The public keyword is an access specifier. It controls the visibility of
class members. We can access public class members outside the class where we declare
them. We need to make the main method public because it will be called by code
outside of its class when the program is started.

static — When we declare a method inside a class as static, we can call it without
creating the object of that class. We need to make the main method static because Java
Virtual Machine (JVM) will call it to start the program even before any objects of the
class are created.

void — The void keyword tells the compiler that the main method will not
return any value.

Question 10: What does the term 'Compilation' mean?

The process of converting a source program written in some high-level programming
language into a target program in another low-level programming language without
changing the meaning of the program is called Compilation.

Question 11: Java program uses compiler as well as interpreter. Explain.

Java compiler compiles Java source code to Bytecode. Bytecode cannot run on the
processor directly as processor only understands Machine Code. Java Virtual Machine
(JVM) takes this Bytecode as input and converts it into Machine Code line by line. So,
JVM acts as an interpreter for converting Bytecode to Machine Code. In this way, a Java
program uses both a Compiler as well as an Interpreter to get executed on the
processor.

Class 9 – Chapter One – Object Oriented Programming Concepts | 14