Prof. Dr.

Bambang
05 Design of Aircraft Kismono Hadi
Structures: FTMD
Advanced Materials Selection 2020
 Al 2024-T3
Type of
Materials
Al 7075-T6
Used in
Aircraft
Composite
Materials
2024-T3 Al
Alloy:
Basic
Properties
7075-T6 Al
Alloy:
Basic
Properties
 • Mostly used CFRP (Carbon Fiber
Reinforced Plastics). Epoxy is a
common material for plastic.
Composite • The behavior of composite structures
(strength and elasticity modulus)
Materials depend on the fiber direction.
• Average density: 1.54 gr/cm3.
Behavior of unidirectional composites under
tensile/compression loads
Behavior of
unidirectional
composites under
shear loads
Therefore, in aircraft
structural design using
unidirectional composite
materials, it is common to
use only 0o, +45o, -45o and
90o fiber directions.
In this class, we only used ‘quasi-isotropic-laminate’,
which has the ply sequence of (0o/+45o/-45o/90o)s. It’s
called a sub-laminate. The laminate has a special
properties, which is isotropic, or ‘quasi-isotropic’. Don’t
use other types of laminates.

Ply Orientation Conventional Notation Symbols

Numbers
8 0o
7 +45o
6 -45o
5 90o (0o/+45o/-45o/90o)s 25%
4 90o
3 -45o
2 +45o
1 0o

Therefore, for each sub-laminate, we have 8 ply. If the thickness of each

ply is 0.125 mm (common CFRP), the thickness of sub-laminate is 1 mm.
For a ‘quasi-isotropic’ sub-laminate and a typical CFRP
composites, with Vf = 60%, and the thickness is 1.0 mm;
you can use the following properties:

Effective Young’s Modulus: 55 GPa.

Shear Modulus: 23 GPa
Tensile Strength: 280 MPa.
Compression Strength : 372 MPa.
Shear Strength: 230 MPa.
Poisson’s ratio: 0.33.
Density: 1.54 gr/cm3.

The total thickness of the composite structures must be

the multiplication of 1 mm; such as 2, 3, 4 mm. You
cannot use, for example 1.2 mm, etc.
Fatigue Behavior
 Buckling Analysis
• Composite materials, especially CFRP is a brittle
materials. Therefore, you don’t not have to
include plasticity, as you will find in previous
lectures (ASR), for example using ESDU. The
plasticity is only for Aluminum structures.
Although CFRP may experience post-buckling
behavior, but for the preliminary design
purposes, just concentrate for elastic, first
buckling values.
• Use the formula and graph for elastic buckling as
given below.
Thank you.