Lesson 1-2

satellite ‫ قمر صناعي‬mains switch ‫مفتاح رئيسي‬

signal ‫ إشارة – يشير‬meter ‫عداد‬
radio signal ‫ إشارة السلكية‬transformer ‫محول تيار كهربي‬
radio dish ‫ طبق السلكي‬adapter ‫مشترك‬
reflect ‫ يعكس‬geostationary ‫ثابت حول االرض‬
reflector ‫ عاكس‬incoming (signal) ‫اشارة واردة‬
horn(on radio dish) ‫ بوق‬outgoing (signal) ‫اشارة خارجة‬
engine ‫ محرك‬insert ‫ِيدُخل‬
fan ‫ مروحة‬mains switch ‫مفتاح رئيسي‬
belt ‫ سير‬operate ‫يشغل‬
transmit ‫ يبث – ينقل إشارات‬examine ‫يفحص‬
receive ‫ يستقبل‬plug in ‫يوصل بالقابس‬
consist of ‫ يتكون من‬switch on, turn on ‫يفتح جهاز‬
Earth ‫ الكرة األرضية‬switch off, turn off ‫يغلق جهاز‬
cool ‫ يبرد‬press ‫يضغط علي‬
motor ‫ محرك‬turn ‫يدير‬
gears ‫ تروس‬hammer ‫يدق‬
brakes ‫ فرامل‬join ‫يلصق‬
brake pedal ‫ دواسة الفرامل‬hi-fi system ‫جهاز صوتي عالي الجودة‬
piston ‫ مكبس‬measure ‫يقيس‬
electricity ‫ كهرباء‬pull ‫يشد – يجذب‬
electrical circuit ‫ دائرة كهربية‬chain ‫جنزير الدراجة‬
workshop ‫ ورشة‬orbit ‫يدور حول‬
electric current ‫ تيار كهربي‬wheel ‫اطار دراجة – كاوتش‬
ceiling ‫ السقف‬bicycle ‫دراجة‬
lights ‫ مصابيح – لمبات‬bike ‫دراجة‬
B)Structures
* Which : ‫الذي – التي‬
‫* ضمير وصل يربط بين جملتين بينهما اسم مشترك‬
Signals are sent to the satellite. The satellite then transmits them to Earth.
Signals are sent to the satellite, which then transmits them to Earth.
The engine is cooled by the fan. The fan is turned by the belt.
® The engine is cooled by the fan, which fan is turned by the belt.
The engine turns the belt. The engine turns the fan.
® The engine turns the belt. which turns the fan.
‫* الحظ أننا حذف نا االسم الثاني لعدم تكراره ووضعنا بدال منه ضمير الوصل‬
More examples:-
(a) The engine is cooled by the fan, which is turned by the belt.
(b) The belt turns the fan, which cools the engine.
(c) The fan is turned by the belt, which is turned by the engine.
(d) The fan cools the engine, which turns the belt.
(e) The engine turns the belt, which turns the fan.
(f) The belt is turned by the engine, which is cooled by the fan.
Answers
(a) FALSE. Piston A pushes the oil, which pushes piston B.
(b) FALSE. The foot pushes the brake pedal, which pushes piston A.
(c) TRUE.
(d) FALSE. Gear D is turned by gear A, which is turned by the motor.

Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 1
Answers
(a) You push up the mains switch. (b) You push up switch 3.
(c) You plug it into the transformer. (d) You examine the meter.
(e) You insert the adapter into socket 1. (f) You put the plug into socket 2.
* By : + v.ing ‫بواسطة‬
) How ( ‫* يستخدم لإلجابة علي سؤال ب‬
* How do you switch off the electricity
You press this red button = By pressing this red button.
‫* كيف يتم بناء الجملة للمجهول في زمن المضارع البسيط ؟‬
‫ ابدأ بالمفعول‬- ‫ احذف الفاعل‬-
‫ ضع الفعل في التصريف الثالث‬- ‫ ) مع الجمع‬are( ‫ ) مع المفرد أو‬is( ‫ استخدم‬-
You switch off the electricity = The electricity is switched off
® The electricity is switched off by pressing this red button.
Answers
(a) The whole current is turned off by pushing up the mains switch.
(b) The ceiling lights are switched off by pushing up switch 3.
(c) The hi-fi system is operated by plugging it into the transformer.
(d) The flow of current is measured by examining the meter.
(e) The notebook computer is turned on by inserting the adapter into socket 1
(f) The fan is switched on by putting the plug into socket 2.
Lesson 3-4
country ‫ دولة‬bread ‫خبز‬
continent ‫ قارة‬potato ‫بطاطس‬
equator ‫ خط االستواء‬chickpea ‫حمص‬
speed ‫ سرعة‬sesame seeds ‫بذور السمسم‬
cable ‫ سلك‬oil ‫زيت‬
work ‫ يعمل‬cube ‫مكعب‬
travel ‫ يسافر‬meat ‫لحم‬
spin ‫ يلف – يدور‬charcoal ‫الفحم‬
stay ‫ يقيم – يمكث‬mash ‫يهرس‬
milk ‫ لبن‬fry ‫يقلي‬
curved ‫ مجوف‬mince ‫يفرم‬
at least ‫ علي األقل‬skewer ‫يشوي علي السيخ‬
via ‫ من خالل‬grill ‫يشوي‬
shape ‫ شكل‬pick ‫يلتقط‬
rice ‫ أرز‬mix ‫يخلط‬
pasta ‫ مكرونة‬dry ‫يجفف‬
meal ‫ وجبة‬grind ‫يطحن‬
Turkish coffee ‫ قهوة تركي‬boil ‫يسلق‬
mint ‫ نعناع‬orbit ‫ مدار‬- ‫يدور حول‬
B) Structures
‫* الحظ أن هناك اختالف بين لدول العالم في أسلوب المعيشة‬
® In Egypt, tea is often drunk with mint.
Possible answers
(a) In Egypt, tea is often drunk with mint, whereas in Britain, tea is often drunk with milk.
(b) In Egypt, Turkish coffee is drunk a lot, while in the USA and Britain, Nescafé is drunk a
great deal.
(c) In Egypt, Arabic is usually spoken, but in Britain and the USA, English is normally spoken.
(d) In Egypt, bread is normally ‫ بطبيعة الحال‬eaten with meals, whereas in Italy, pasta is usually
eaten with meals.
(e) In Egypt, bread is eaten with meals a great deal, while in China, rice is usually eaten with
meals.
(f) In Egypt bread is normally eaten with meals, but in Britain and the USA, potatoes are often
eaten with meals.

Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 2
(g) In Egypt, Friday is taken as a rest day, while in Italy, Britain and the USA Sunday is
normally taken as a rest day.

Lesson 1-2
project ‫ مشروع‬beginning of March ‫بداية مارس‬
meeting ‫ اجتماع‬end of March ‫نهاية مارس‬
minutes (of a meeting) ‫ بنود االجتماع‬middle of March ‫منتصف مارس‬
report ‫ تقرير‬agree ‫يوافق‬
end ‫ نهاية‬say ‫يقول‬
manager ‫ مدير‬promise ‫يوعد‬
secretary ‫ سكرتير‬order ‫يطلب‬
minute ‫ دقيقة‬tell ‫يخبر‬
overtime ‫ وقت اضافي‬refuse ‫يرفض‬
scientist ‫ عالم‬announce ‫يعلن‬
schedule ‫ جدول‬report ‫يبلغ‬
planning ‫ تخطيط‬complete ‫يكمل‬
designing ‫ تصميم‬write ‫يكتب‬
building ‫ بناء‬supervise ‫يشاف علي‬
decorating ‫ زخرفة‬finish ‫ينهي‬
decoration ‫ زخرفة‬type ‫يطبع‬
plumbing ‫ السباكة‬design ‫يصمم‬
delivery ‫ توصيل‬deliver ‫يوصل‬
material ‫ خامة‬- ‫ مادة‬build ‫يبني‬
ask ‫ يطلب‬install ‫ يركب‬- ‫يثبت‬
plan ‫ يخطط‬- ‫ خطة‬decorate ‫ يزخرف‬- ‫يزين‬
B)Structures
‫* تحويل الجملة االمرية من المباشر إلي غير المباشر‬
)ordered( ‫) أو‬asked( ‫ ) الي‬said to( ‫ نحول فعل القول‬- ‫ نحذف األقواس‬-
‫ نغير الضمائر حسب المعني‬- ) to( ‫ نربط بـ‬-
‫ ) إن وجدت‬please( ‫ نحذف كلمة‬-
- Rehab said to Hanan :" Write a report, please" - Rehab asked Hanan to write a report.
- Please supervise the project. - Rehab asked Hanan to supervise the project.
) ‫(الطلب المهذب يعامل مثل الجملة االمرية‬ ‫* تحويل الطلب المهذب من المباشر إلي غير المباشر‬
)ordered( ‫) أو‬asked( ‫ ) الي‬said to( ‫ نحول فعل القول‬- ‫ نحذف األقواس‬-
) Could you( ‫ نحذف‬- ‫ نغير الضمائر حسب المعني‬- ) to( ‫ نربط بـ‬-
"Could you please write the report?" - Rehab asked Amal to write the report.
‫* تحويل الجملة الخبرية من المباشر الي غير المباشر‬
)asked( ‫ ) الي‬said to( ‫ نحول فعل القول‬- ‫ نحذف األقواس‬-
) would( ‫ ) إلي‬will( ‫ نحول الفعل المساعد‬- ‫ نغير الضمائر حسب المعني‬- ) that( ‫ نربط بـ‬-
"I’ll complete it by the end of the week."
® Hanan said that she would complete the report by the end of the week
"We will plan the project in January"
® Mahmoud said that they would plan the project in January
"I will complete the report by the end of the week."
Amal said that she would complete the report by the end of the week.
Answers
(b) Rehab asked Eman to write the minutes, and she agreed to do it.
(c) The supervisor told the worker to work overtime, and he agreed to do it.
(d) The manager told the secretary to come to work on time, and she promised to do it.
Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 3
(a) The scientist explained that the asteroid would probably hit the Earth in 2030.
(b) The technician said that the satellite would orbit 36,000 km above the Earth.
(c) The minister announced that Nile Sat would transmit TV to the Arab region.
(d) The reporter reported that the new space station would not be completed by 2020.
Answers
(a) The manager asked his secretary to type the report, and she agreed to do it.
(b) Rehab asked Eman to write the minutes, and she agreed to do it.
(c) The supervisor told the worker to work overtime, and he agreed to do it.
(d) The manager told the secretary to come to work on time, and she promised to do it.

Lesson 3-4
chairperson ‫ رئيس‬think ‫يفكر في‬
secretary ‫ سكرتير‬get attention ‫يجذب انتباه‬
matters arising ‫ أمور مستجدة‬explain ‫يشرح‬
agenda ‫ جدول األعمال‬participate ‫يشارك في‬
completion date ‫ تاريخ االنتهاء‬take part in ‫يشارك في‬
AOB (any other business) ‫ أي عمل آخر‬communicate ‫يتصل‬
file ‫ ملف‬important ‫مهم‬
holiday ‫ أجازة‬urgent ‫ ضروري‬- ‫عاجل‬
progress ‫ تقدم‬present ‫حاضر‬
accept ‫ يقبل‬take place ‫يحدث‬
help ‫ يساعد‬- ‫ مساعدة‬listen to ‫يستمع إلى‬
complete ‫ يكمل‬encourage ‫يشجع‬
discuss ‫ يناقش‬previous ‫سابق‬
agree (with) ‫ يتفق مع‬debate ‫مناظرة‬
disagree (with) ‫ يختلف مع‬politely ‫بأدب‬
promise ‫ وعد‬- ‫ يوعد‬really ‫حقا‬
B) Structures
-:‫* تحويل بنود االجتماع إلي صيغة المباشر‬
Model answer
Rehab: This project is very important. Hanan, could you please complete it before the end of
April?
Hanan: OK, Rehab, I’ll try to finish the project by the middle of April.
Rehab: Thank you, Hanan. Amal, the report is very urgent. Could you please complete it as
soon as possible?
Amal: Yes, Rehab, I’ll write it quickly. I’ll try to complete it by the 3rd of March.
Rehab: Thanks, Amal. Now, is there any other business?
Amal: Yes, Rehab. Could you please give me files PP22 and PP23? These two files will help
me to write the project report.
Rehab: OK, I’ll give them to you. Any other business?
Hanan: Yes. I will not take my holidays until the end of April. I will complete the project before
my holidays.
Rehab: Thanks, Hanan. Right, the next meeting will be on the 2nd of March.
We will discuss the progress of the project at that meeting. Thank you for coming. That’s the
end of the meeting
-:‫* عندما تريد أن تشارك بفعالية في اجتماع اتبع اآلتي‬
‫ اجذب انتباه اآلخرين بأدب‬-
® Excuse me. I’d like to make a point here.
‫ وضح انك استمعت جيدا لما قاله اآلخرون‬-
® Could I say something, please?
‫ اخبر اآلخرين بأنك موافق أو معترض علي رأيهم‬-
Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 4
® I agree/ disagree with Mahmoud.
‫ اشرح وجهة نظرك بوضوح‬-
® I think that schools should encourage students to read more books.

Lesson 1-2
fasten ‫ يربط‬container ‫وعاء‬
fix ‫ يثبت‬boots ‫حزاء برقبة‬
attach = tie ‫ يربط‬material ‫مادة‬
strap ‫ حزام‬apron ‫مريلة‬
pump ‫ مضخة‬overalls cap ‫غطاء‬
breathe ‫ يتنفس‬sleeves ‫األكمام‬
come from ‫ يأتي من‬concrete ‫الخرسانة‬
float away ‫ يطفو بعيدا‬burn ‫يحرق‬
stop = prevent ‫ يمنع‬start (a fire) ‫يشعل النار‬
astronaut ‫ رائد فضاء‬follow (a rule) ‫يتبع قانون‬
space station ‫ محطة فضاء‬wear ‫يرتدي‬
cable ‫ كابل‬weld ‫يلحم‬
oxygen tank ‫ خزان األوكسجين‬keep (clean) ‫يطفو بعيدا‬
space walk ‫ مهمة سير في الفضاء‬float away ‫ ينحرف‬- ‫بطفو بعيدا‬
spacesuit ‫ بدلة فضاء‬drift ‫ينجرف‬
space station ‫ محطة فضاء‬drown ‫يغرق‬
tool ‫ أداة‬trap ‫ يحتجز‬- ‫فخ‬
welding ‫ اللحام‬fall ‫يسقط‬
safety rules ‫ قواعد السالمة‬dangerous ‫خطير‬
astronaut ‫ رائد فضاء‬serious ‫خطير‬
accident ‫ حادث‬insulating ‫عازل‬
spark ‫ شرارة‬combustible ‫قابل لالشتعال‬
electric shock ‫ صدمة كهربائية‬seat belt ‫حزام االمان‬
workshop ‫ ورشة عمل‬lungs ‫الرئتين‬
clothing ‫ مالبس‬seaweed ‫عشب بحري‬
mask ‫ قناع‬parachute ‫مظلة‬
helmet ‫ خوذة‬parachutist ‫مظلي – القافذ بالمظلة‬
goggles ‫ نظارة واقية‬scuba diver ‫غواص‬
B) Structures
* Which : ‫الذي – التي‬
‫* ضمير وصل يربط بين جملتين بينهما اسم مشترك‬
- I am attached to a cable . The cable is fixed to the space station.
- I am attached to a cable which is fixed to the space station.
* That : ‫الذي – التي‬
‫* ضمير وصل يربط بين جملتين بينهما اسم مشترك‬
- Oxygen flows from two tanks The tanks are strapped to my back.
- Oxygen flows from two tanks that are strapped to my back.
‫ ) و نترك التصريف الثالث‬be( ‫ نحذف ضمير الوصل و‬, ) be + ‫*إذا كان ضمير الوصل متبوعا بـ (تصريف ثالث‬
- I am attached to a cable which is fixed to the space station.
- I am attached to a cable fixed to the space station.
Answers
(a) I am securely attached to a strong cable that is fixed to the spacecraft.
(b) My hammer is hooked onto a cable which is fastened to my spacesuit.
(c) Oxygen flows into my lungs from two tanks that are strapped to my back.
(d) I can cut myself free from seaweed using this knife which is tied to my leg.

Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 5
(e) I use a parachute that is located inside a pack that/which is strapped to my back.
(f) My parachute is pulled open by a cable that is attached to the plane
** Stop = prevent +…… ‫… مفعول‬..+ from + v.ing ‫ يحمي‬/ ‫يمنع‬
- How do you prevent your tools from floating away?
Answers
(a) How do you stop yourself from drifting into space during a spacewalk?
(b) How do you prevent the hammer from moving away from you?
(c) How do you stop yourself from drowning during your dive?
(d) How do you prevent seaweed from trapping your legs?
(e) How do you stop yourself from falling too quickly during a jump?
(f) How do you prevent the parachute from opening too late?
Lesson 3-4
astronaut ‫ رائد فضاء‬bare (wire ) ‫سلك‬
cable ‫ كابل‬float away ‫يطفو بعيد‬
thruster ‫ محرك‬flow ‫تدفق‬
space station ‫ محطة فضاء‬suck ‫يمص‬
space shuttle ‫ مكوك الفضاء‬hit ‫يضرب‬
spacesuit ‫ فضاء‬damage ‫يتلف‬
International ‫ دولي‬point (away) ‫يوجه بعيدا‬
space walk ‫ مهمة سير في الفضاء‬let = allow ‫يسمح‬
gravity ‫ الجاذبية‬freely ‫بحرية‬
space ‫ الفضاء‬careful ‫حذر‬
Velcro ‫ الصق‬tow (a car) ‫يسحب سيارة‬
tube ‫ أنبوب‬carry ‫يحمل‬
valve ‫ صمام‬lift ‫مصعد‬
liquid ‫ سائل‬drive ‫يقود‬
rock ‫ صخرة‬oil ‫نفط‬
spacecraft ‫ مركبه فضائيه‬saw ‫منشار‬
moment ‫ لحظة‬plank ‫لوح خشب‬
purpose ‫ غرض‬get a shock ‫يصاب بصدمة كهربية‬
function ‫ وظيفة‬slip ‫ينزلق‬
walk ‫ يمشي‬- ‫ يسير‬hurt ‫يجرح‬
attach ‫ يربط‬over-heat ‫يسخن بشدة‬
drop ‫ قطرة‬coiled ‫ملفوف‬
B)Structures
-:‫* يمكن أن نعرض المساعدة علي اآلخرين كاآلتي‬
- Can I ……….. ‫…………المصدر‬..? ‫؟‬.........‫هل استطيع‬ - Can I carry this for you?
- Shall I ……….. ‫…………المصدر‬..? ‫؟‬...... ‫هل لـــــي ان‬ - Shall I carry this for you?
- Would you like me to ……….. ‫…………المصدر‬..? ‫؟‬.............‫هل تريد مني ان‬
- Would you like me to hold this for you?
- Let me ……….. ‫…………المصدر‬.. ........‫اسمح لي أن‬ - Let me do it for you.
-:‫* قبول المساعدة‬
- Thank you. - That’s very helpful. You’re very kind.
-:‫* رفض المساعدة‬
- Thanks, but I’m all right. - No, thanks. I’m all right
Possible answers
(a) You: Can I open the door for you?
Lady: Thanks, but I’m all right.
(b) You: Would you like me to switch on the lights for you?
Friend: Thanks. That’s very helpful.
(c) You: Let me pick up your shopping for you.
Man: No, thanks. I’m all right.
(d) You: Shall I tow your car for you?
Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 6
 Friend: Thanks. You’re very kind.
(e) You: Would you like me to hold the bottom of the ladder for you?
Friend: Thank you. That’s very helpful.

Lesson 1-2
progress report ‫ التقرير المرحلي‬in progress ‫في تَقَدم‬
racing car ‫ سيارة سباق‬repair ‫يصلح‬
fuel ‫ وقود‬dig ‫يحفر‬
wheel nut ‫ صامولة العًجلة‬mix ‫يخلط‬
driver ‫ سائق‬pour ‫يصب‬
supervisor ‫ مشرف‬test ‫اختبار‬
pump in ‫ يضخ‬strip off (paint) ‫يزيل الدهان‬
tighten ‫ يربط‬paint ‫يرسم‬
loosen ‫ يفك‬take apart ‫يفك‬
take off ‫ اخلع‬put together ‫يجمع‬
put on ‫ يرتدي‬rotate ‫يلف – يدير‬
switch off = turn off ‫ يطفئ‬insert ‫يدخل‬
switch on = turn on ‫ يشغل‬hole ‫ثقب‬
indicators (on car) ) ‫ إشارات ( السيارة‬release ‫يفك‬
paint ‫ يرسم‬until ‫حتي‬
concrete ‫ خرسانة‬press ‫يضغط علي‬
cover ‫ يغطي‬،‫ غطاء‬Fire alarm ‫جهاز انذار حريق‬
B)Structures
) have / has + ‫* يتكون زمن المضارع التام من ( التصريف الثالث‬
® I have made sure that my pens work.
‫* يعبر المضارع التام عن حدث تم في الماضي و ما زال له اثر في المضارع‬
® Switch on the lights. I’ve switched them on. ( The lights are on now)
® I have sharpened my pencils. ( I can write with my pen now)
® I have checked that the calculator has a battery.
‫ ) و معناها حتى اآلن مع المضارع التام في حالتي النفي و السؤال‬yet( ‫* نستخدم‬
® Have you pumped all the fuel in yet?
® I haven’t pumped it in yet.
® We’re tightening the wheel nuts now.
) am / is / are + v.ing( ‫* يتكون زمن المضارع المستمر من‬
® I'm tightening the wheel nuts now.
‫* يعبر زمن المضارع المستمر عن حدث مستمر في لحظة الكالم‬
® I haven't pumped in the fuel yet.
Answers
(a) I’ve put the new tyres on. I’m tightening the wheel nuts now.
I haven’t pumped the fuel in yet.
(b) I’ve taken the cover off. I’m repairing the computer now.
I haven’t put the cover back on yet.
(c) I’ve dug the hole. I’m mixing the concrete now.
I haven’t poured the concrete in the hole yet.
(d) I’ve switched off the power. I’m testing the wires now.
I haven’t repaired them yet.
(e) I’ve stripped the old paint off. I’m cleaning the walls now.
I haven’t painted them yet.
‫ ) لكي نشير إلي ما ينبغي أن يتم أوال‬until ‫* الحظ استخدام المضارع التام بعد ( حتى‬
Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 7
 * You can’t insert the plug until you’ve rotated the holes.
Answers
(a) You can’t insert the plug until you’ve rotated the holes.
(b) You can't press the record button until you have moved the window to the right.
(c) You can't use the snippers until you have released the fastener.
(d) You can't ring the alarm until you have broken the glass.
Lesson 3-4
mechanic ‫ميكانيكي‬
take away ‫يبعد‬
race ‫سباق‬
move away ‫يتحرك بعيدا‬
second ‫ثانية‬
pull out ‫يسحب للخارج‬
tyre pressure ‫ضغط الهواء في اإلطارات‬
wipe away ‫ يزيل‬- ‫يمسح‬
racing driver ‫سائق سباق‬
speed off ‫ينطلق بسرعة‬
wheel nut ‫صامولة‬
ready ‫جاهز‬
wheel gun enough ‫كافي‬
jack ‫ كوريك‬together ‫معا‬
ground ‫ أرض‬quickly ‫بسرعة‬
fuel hose ‫ خرطوم وقود‬suggestion ‫اقتراح‬
nozzle ‫ بشبوري‬- ‫ فوهة‬wheel brace ‫مفتاح صليبة‬
fuel socket ‫ قابس الوقود‬open ‫يفتح‬
operation ‫ عملية‬tin ‫علبة‬
count ( be important) ‫ مهم‬paint ‫يرسم‬
move ‫ يتحرك‬coin ‫عملة معدنية‬
work ‫ يعمل‬partner ‫شريك‬
adjust ‫ يضبط‬piece ‫قطعة‬
signal ‫ إشارة‬hammer ‫مطرقة‬
raise ‫ يرفع‬screwdriver ‫مفك‬
lower ‫ يخفض‬neighbours ‫الجيران‬
fill ‫ يمأل‬electric lamp ‫مصباح كهربائي‬
take (time) ‫ تستغرق وقتا‬ceiling ‫سقف‬
service ‫ صيانة‬- ‫ خدمة‬lock ‫ يقفل‬- ‫قفل‬
bring out ‫ يجلب‬key ‫مفتاح‬
slow down ‫ يبطئ‬string ‫خيط‬
step back ‫ يتراجع‬leather ‫جلد‬
step forward ‫ يتقدم‬unlock ‫يفتح‬
take off ‫ يخلع‬stiff ‫صلب‬
B)Structures
-:‫* نستطيع ان نقدم اقتراحات بطرق عديدة مثل‬
- Why don’t you ……….. ‫…………المصدر‬..? ...........‫لماذا ال‬
- Why don’t you use a screwdriver?
- You should ……….. ‫…………المصدر‬.. ......‫انت يجب ان‬
- You should use a screwdriver.
- You could ……….. ‫…………المصدر‬... ...‫انت من الممكن‬
- You could use a screwdriver.
‫* الرد علي االقتراح‬
® That’s a good idea. Thanks for the suggestion
Answers
(a) Would you like me to clean up the oil?
That will stop you from slipping on it and hurting yourself.
(b) Let me uncoil that wire for you. That will prevent the wire from over-heating and starting
a fire.
(c) Shall I attach a socket to that bare wire?
Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 8
That will stop you from getting a shock.
(d) Would you like me to saw that plank of wood for you?
That will prevent you from cutting your arm.
(e) Let me bring you a pair of goggles. That will stop you from hurting your eyes

Lesson 1-2
power ‫ قوة‬fuel pump ‫مضخة الوقود‬
fault ‫ خطا‬starter motor
start ‫ يبدأ‬tank ‫خزان‬
connect ‫ يوصل‬forget ‫ينسى‬
disconnect ‫ قطع االتصال‬check ‫يفحص‬
attach ‫ يربط‬recharge (battery) ‫يعيد شحن البطارية‬
plug in ‫ سد العجز في‬work ‫عمل‬
damage ‫ ضرر‬- ‫ يتلف‬replace ‫يستبدل‬
look at ‫ انظر الى‬clean ‫نظيف‬
break ‫ يكسر‬repair ‫يصلح‬
troubleshooting ‫ استكشاف األخطاء وإصالحها‬flow ‫تدفق‬
guide ‫ دليل‬blocked ‫مسدود‬
racing car ‫ سيارة سباق‬flat (battery) ‫بطارية فارغة‬
engine ‫ محرك‬dirty ‫قذر‬
battery ‫ بطارية‬broken ‫مكسور‬
spark plug ‫ شمعة اشعال‬empty ‫فارغة‬
fuel pipe ‫ أنبوب الوقود‬open ‫يفتح‬
B) Structures
* may be / could be = It's possible ‫من الممكن‬
‫* نستخدم هذه األفعال للتعبير عن االحتمال‬

® It's possible that the fault is in the cable. (may)

(a) The fault may be/could be in the cable.
* must be = It's certain )‫( من المؤكد‬ ‫البد انه‬
)‫** نستخدم هذا الفعل للتعبير عن االستنتاج القائم علي دليل ( من المؤكد‬
® It's certain that the problem is in the power supply . (must)
® The problem must be in the power supply .
* can't be = It's impossible )‫(من المستحيل‬ ‫ال يمكن أن‬
® It's impossible that the fuel tank is empty. (can't)
® It's impossible that the fuel tank is empty.
Answers
(a) The fault may be / could be in the cable.
(b) The problem can't be in the computer.
(c) The foundations of the building must be cracked.
(d) The top hose of the radiator may be/could be rusty.
(e) The fuel tank in my car can't be empty already.
(f) The brake shoes in your car must be worn.
Problem 1: A woman is wearing a space suit and one glove. She is dead. How did this
happen?
Solution
- She was an astronaut on a spacewalk and the glove to her space suit came off.
Problem 2: Romeo and Juliet are dead in the middle of the room. All that surrounds them
are a pool of water and some broken glass. How did they die?

Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 9
Solution
- Romeo and Juliet were fish, and their fish bowl was knocked over.
Problem 3: A man is lying face down in the middle of a desert. On his back is something
that could have saved his life. Explain.
Solution
- He is a parachutist, and the parachute on his back failed to open.
Problem 4: Jason is lying dead, he has an iron bar across his back and some food in front
of him. Why did he die?
Solution
- Jason is a mouse, in a mouse trap.
Problem 5: A policeman was walking past a house. He heard someone cry, "Don't shoot me,
John! Don't shoot!" There was one gunshot. The policeman entered the house and saw a
lawyer, a doctor, and an engineer, gathered around a dead body. The doctor was immediately
arrested. How did the policeman know?
Solution
5 Both the engineer and lawyer were female, the doctor was male, so the policeman was
fairly sure that he was "John".

Lesson 3-4
hotline ‫ الخط الساخن‬ring ‫حلقة‬
screen ‫ شاشة‬appear ‫يظهر‬
photograph ‫ تصوير‬disappear ‫يختفي‬
satellite ‫ األقمار الصناعية‬move ‫يتحرك‬
customer ‫ عميل‬- ‫ زبون‬point (to) ‫يشير إلى‬
phone ‫ هاتف‬believe = think ‫يعتقد‬
arrow ‫ سهم‬strange ‫غريب‬
town ‫ بلدة‬bright ‫المع‬
mouth (of river) ‫ مصب النهر‬distant ‫بعيد‬
branch (of river delta) ‫ فرع النهر‬Yours faithfully ‫المخلص‬
Nile Delta ‫ دلتا النيل‬complaint ‫شكوي‬
person ‫ شخص‬forget ‫ينسى‬
symbol ‫ رمز‬CD player ‫مشغل اسطوانات‬
voice ‫ صوت‬earphone ‫سماعة‬
salesman ‫ بائع‬cover ‫ يغطي‬،‫غطاء‬
square ‫ مربع‬shipping charge ‫مصاريف الشحن‬
picture ‫ صورة‬information ‫معلومات‬
surface ‫ سطح‬details ‫تفاصيل‬
star ‫ نجمة‬reader ‫قارئ‬
operate ‫ العمل‬complain ‫يشكو‬
show ‫ تبين‬refund ‫يرد المال‬
take (a photo) ‫ يلتقط صورة‬hear from ‫يتلقي اخبار من‬
B) Structures
-:‫* عند كتابة خطاب للشكوى يجب أن تراعي اآلتي‬
1- You should be polite ‫يجب أن تكون مؤدب‬
® Dear Sir,
® I look forward to hearing from you.
2- You should be clear ‫يجب ان تكون واضحا‬
® I wish to make a complaint about the machine which I bought from you on
February 18th.
3- You should be specific ‫يجب ان تكون محددا‬
® When I opened the box, I found two faults.
Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 10
® The right eearphone was broken
® The cover of the mini disk player was scratched
2- You should be firm ‫يجب ان تكون حازما‬
® Please, refund the shipping charge and send me another mini disk player

Lesson 1-2
company ‫ شركة‬nationality ‫جنسية‬
building company ‫ شركة بناء‬certificate ‫شهادة‬
work ‫ عمل‬salesman ‫بائع‬
factory ‫ مصنع‬provide ‫ يمد‬- ‫يزود‬
engineer ‫ مهندس‬sales ‫مبيعات‬
computer skills ‫ مهارات الحاسوب‬sales skills ‫مهارات البيع‬
training ‫ تدريب‬interpersonal skills ‫المهارات الشخصية‬
supervisor ‫ مشرف‬word processing ‫معالج النصوص‬
university ‫ جامعة‬communication skills ‫مهارات التواصل‬
training ‫ تدريب‬employee ‫موظف‬
train ‫ قطار‬employer ‫صاحب العمل‬
study ‫ دراسة‬salary ‫راتب‬
curriculum vitae : CV ‫ السيرة الذاتية‬technician ‫عامل فني‬
personal details ‫ تفاصيل شخصية‬products ‫منتجات‬
education ‫ التعليم‬degree ‫الدرجة العلمية‬
full name ‫ االسم بالكامل‬pay ‫يدفع‬
date of birth ‫ تاريخ الميالد‬overtime ‫وقت اضافي‬
achievement ‫ إنجاز‬gain (a degree) ‫يحصل علي درجة علمية‬
qualification ‫ المؤهل العلمي‬promote ‫يرقي‬
experience ‫ خبرة‬appoint ‫يعين‬
receive ‫ يسلم‬employ ‫يوظف‬
B) Structures
- Have you ever…………‫…………التصريف الثالث‬.? ‫هل سبق لك؟‬
- Have you ever worked in a factory?
- Have you ever worked as an engineer?
- Have you ever been trained in computer skills?
- Have you ever been trained as a supervisor?
- Have you ever been trained to use CAD?
.‫ ) في آخر الفعل‬ed( ‫* يتكون زمن الماضي البسيط من التصريف الثاني للفعل عادة بإضافة‬
I studied at Shams Industrial School from 1997 to 2002l.
‫* يعبر الماضي البسيط عن حدث تم في الماضي في وقت محدد‬
- I gained a BSC in Electric Engineering In 2001
‫* يستخدم الماضي البسيط مع الكلمات الدالة اآلتية‬
Last year. A year ago. In 2001. From 2000 to 2001.

‫ ) مع ضرورة وضع الفعل في المصدر‬didn't( ‫ ) و ننفي بـ‬Did( ‫ نسأل بـ‬: ‫* في زمن الماضي البسيط‬
- Did you enjoy your work?
- Yes, I enjoyed my work. - No, I didn’t enjoy my work.
- Did you enjoy your work? - Yes, I did. - No, I didn’t.
) was / were + ‫* الماضي البسيط في المبني للمجهول يتكون من ( التصريف الثالث‬
- We trained Ahmed in computer skills.

Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 11
® Ahmed was trained in computer skills.
Answers
(a) … I studied at Shams Industrial School.
(b) possible answer: … was( captain of the school football team, and chairman of the
school computer club).
(c) … gained my BSc degree at Alexandria University.
(d) … was appointed as Junior Salesman at Motorola Company in Cairo.
(e) … was trained in sales skills.
(f) … was promoted to Salesman at Motorola.
(g) … was trained in word processing.
(h) … was appointed as Sales Supervisor at Motorola.
Lesson 3-4
electronics ‫إلكترونيات‬ ready ‫جاهز‬
graduate ‫تخرج‬ trained ‫متدرب‬
team ‫فريق‬ hard-working ‫العمل الجاد‬
member ‫عضو‬ successful ‫ناجح‬
company ‫شركة‬ technical ‫تقني‬
salary ‫راتب‬ free ‫حر‬
training ‫تدريب‬ interview ‫مقابلة‬
young ‫صغير في السن‬ dress ‫فستان‬
applicant ‫متقدم لوظيفة‬ insult ‫إهانة‬
repair ‫يصلح‬ boast = show off ‫يتباهى‬
service ‫خدمة‬ enjoy ‫يتمتع بــ‬
increase ‫زيادة‬ positive ‫إيجابي‬
provide ‫ يمد‬- ‫يزود‬ interested ‫مهتم‬
apply ‫يتقدم لوظيفة‬ late ‫متأخر‬
travel ‫يسافر‬ rude ‫غير مهذب‬
contact ‫ يتصل‬- ‫اتصال‬ previous ‫سابق‬
on time ‫في الوقت المحدد‬ impolite ‫غير مؤدب‬
join ‫يلتحق بــ‬ smartly ‫بأناقة‬

B) Structures
‫* ما يجب عليك أن تفعله أثناء المقابلة الشخصية‬
- Ahmed is on time for the interview.
- He is polite to the interviewer.
- He does not insult his previous employer.
- He does not show off ("I think I am hardworking …"), but he is positive about himself ("hard-
working … good team member").
- He answers every question fully ("I joined the computer club …").
- He asks questions about the job.
‫* ما ال يجب عليك إن تفعله إثناء المقابلة الشخصية‬
- Mahmoud is late.
- He is not dressed smartly.
- He is rude to the interviewer (“Never mind”; doesn’t say “sir”; he sits in an impolite way.)
- He shows off (“I was the best worker.”)
- He insults his previous employer.
- He is not positive about himself. (“I don’t know.”)
- He does not answer questions fully (“Yes.”)
- He does not ask questions about the job.

Mr Bayoumy Ghreeb 12