CHEMISTRY REVIEW Collège Sainte-Véronique

Chemistry

1. Atoms, molecules and ions

a) Complete the table below:

Name of complex ion Symbol and charge Valence
Hydroxide (OH)- I
Carbonate (CO3)2- II
Phosphate (PO4)3- III
Sulphate (SO4)2- II
Nitrate (NO3)- I

b) Give the number of atoms of each type in the following molecules:

Fe2O3 2 atoms of iron & 3 atoms of oxygen
H2O 2 atoms of hydrogen & 1 atom of oxygen
NaCI 1 atom of sodium & 1 atom of chlorine
N 2O 3 2 atoms of nitrogen & 3 atoms of oxygen
CO2 1 atom of carbon & 2 atoms of oxygen
MgI2 1 atom of magnesium & 2 atoms of iodine
HNO3 1 atom of hydrogen, 1 atom of nitrogen & 3 atoms of oxygen
Al2(SO4)3 2 atoms of aluminum, 3 atoms of sulphur & 12 atoms of oxygen
Cu(NO3)2 1 atom of copper, 2 atoms of nitrogen & 6 atoms of oxygen
Ba3(PO4)2 3 atoms of barium, 2 atoms of phosphorus & 8 atoms of oxygen

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2. Valence of atoms

a) Using the valence cross, write the formula of the molecules made with the
following atoms and complex ions:
Ca & O Mg & Cl

CaO MgCl2

K & OH (I) Na & PO4 (III)

KOH Na3PO4

Al & O Li & CO3 (II)

Al2O3 Li2CO3

H&S H & SO4 (II)

H2S H2SO4

Zinc (II) & fluorine Beryllium & bromine

ZnF2 BeBr2

Cu (II) & SO4 (II) Fe (III) & OH (I)

CuSO4 Fe(OH)3

Cu (II) & ClO3 (I) Pb & O

Cu(ClO3)2 PbO2

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3. Nomenclature

a) Complete the table with missing information. To find the formula, you will
have to use the valence cross.

Symbol of
Formula Name Type of compound
compound

KNO3 Potassium nitrate MXO Ternary salt

ZnSO4 Zinc sulphate MXO Ternary salt

NaOH Sodium hydroxide MOH Ternary base

Li3PO4 Lithium phosphate MXO Ternary salt

MgCl2 Magnesium chloride MX Binary salt

Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide MOH Ternary base

NaF Sodium fluoride MX Binary salt

Al2(CO3)3 Aluminum carbonate MXO Ternary salt

BaCO3 Barium carbonate MXO Ternary salt

KOH Potassium hydroxide MOH Ternary base

BeCl2 Beryllium chloride MX Binary salt

KF Potassium fluoride MX Binary salt

Ag2O Silver oxide MX Binary salt

Al(OH)3 Aluminum hydroxide MOH Ternary base

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4. Chemical equations

a) Balance the following chemical equations. If the coefficient is “1” WRITE IT!
1. 2 H2 + 1 O2 → 2 H2O
2. 1 S8+ 12 O2 → 8 SO3
3. 2 HgO → 2 Hg + 1 O2
4. 1 Zn + 2 HCI → 1 ZnCl2 + 1 H2
5. 4 Na + 4 H2O → 4 NaOH + 2 H2
6. 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
7. 4 FeS2 + 11 O2 → 2 Fe2O3 + 8 SO2
8. 1 Fe2O3 + 3 H2 → 2 Fe + 3 H2O
9. 2 K + 1 Br2 → 2 KBr
10. 2 KCIO3 → 2 KCl + 3 O2
11. 4 Sb + 3 O2 → 1 Sb406
12. 1 N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3
13. 2 N 2 + 1 O 2 → 2 N 2O
14. 2 AI + 3 FeO → 1 Al2O3 + 3 Fe
15. 1 P 4 + 5 O 2 → 2 P 2O 5
16. 1 K2O + 1 H2O → 2 KOH
17. 4 AI + 3 O2 → 2 Al2O3
18. 2 Na2O2 + 2 H2O → 4 NaOH + 1 O2
19. 2 AI + 6 HCI → 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
20. 3 Mg + 1 N2 → 1 Mg3N2

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b) Write down the following chemical equations and balance them.

2 Cr(ClO3)3 + 3 Cs2S → Cr2S3 + 6 CsClO3

Mn(NO3)2 + 2 KOH → Mn(OH)2 + 2 KNO3

Ba(NO3)2 + Li2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 LiNO3

Zn(ClO3)2 + 2 LiOH → Zn(OH)2 + 2 LiClO3

2 CuNO3 + Na2S → Cu2S + 2 NaNO3

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5. Mole, Molar Mass and Molar Volume

a) How many acetaminophen molecules are present in 0.25mol of

acetaminophen?

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑛 = 0.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑋 =? 𝑋 = 𝑛 ∙ 𝑁𝐴 𝑋 = 0.25 ∙ 6𝑥1023

𝑁𝐴 = 6𝑥1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠/𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 1.5𝑥1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠

b) Glucose has the formula C6H12O6. Calculate the molar mass of glucose.

𝑀 = 6 ∙ 12 + 12 + 6 ∙ 16 = 180 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

c) Aspirin has the formula C9H8O4. Calculate the mass of aspirin in grams
present in 0.65mol of aspirin.

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑛 = 0.65 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚 =? 𝑚 =𝑛∙𝑀 𝑚 = 0.65 ∙ 180 = 117 𝑔

𝑀 = 9 ∙ 12 + 8 + 4 ∙ 16
= 180 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

d) Calculate the amount of matter of molecular oxygen (O 2) present in 160g

of oxygen gas.

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑚 = 160𝑔 𝑛 =? 𝑛 = 𝑚/𝑀 160

𝑛= = 5 𝑚𝑜𝑙
32
𝑀 = 2 ∙ 16 = 32 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

e) How many moles of C, O, and H are present in 1.5mol of glucose (C6H12O6)?

𝑛𝐶 = 6 ∙ 𝑛C6H12O6 = 6 ∙ 1.5 = 9 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶
𝑛𝑂 = 6 ∙ 𝑛C6H12O6 = 6 ∙ 1.5 = 9 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑂
𝑛𝐻 = 12 ∙ 𝑛C6H12O6 = 12 ∙ 1.5 = 18 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻

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f) How many number of particles are present in 100g of CaCO 3?

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑚 = 100𝑔 𝑛 =? 𝑛 = 𝑚/𝑀 100

𝑛= = 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
100
𝑀 = 40 + 12 + 3 ∙ 16
= 100 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑛 = 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑋 =? 𝑋 = 𝑛 ∙ 𝑁𝐴 𝑋 = 1 ∙ 6𝑥1023
= 6𝑥1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑁𝐴 = 6𝑥1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
/𝑚𝑜𝑙

g) How many grams of carbon are present in 1.8g of glucose (C6H12O6)?

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑚𝐶6𝐻12𝑂6 = 1.8𝑔 𝑛𝐶6𝐻12𝑂6 =? 𝑛 = 𝑚/𝑀 1.8

𝑛𝐶6𝐻12𝑂6 =
180
𝑀𝐶6𝐻12𝑂6 = 6 ∙ 12 + 12 = 0.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙
+ 6 ∙ 16
= 180 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑛𝐶6𝐻12𝑂6 = 0.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑛𝐶 = ? 𝑛𝐶 = 6 ∙ 𝑛𝐶6𝐻12𝑂6 𝑛𝐶 = 6 ∙ 0.01

= 0.06 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑀𝐶 = 12 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝐶 = ? 𝑚𝐶 = 𝑛𝐶 ∙ 𝑀𝐶 𝑚𝐶 = 0.06 ∙ 12 = 0.72𝑔

h) Calculate the quantity of matter corresponding to 5L of carbon dioxide in

normal conditions.

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑉 = 5𝐿 𝑛 =? 𝑛 = 𝑉/𝑉𝑚 𝑛 = 5/22.4 = 0.22 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑉𝑚 = 22.4 𝐿/𝑚𝑜𝑙

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i) CFC−12 (CCl2F 2) is one of the Chlorofluorocarbons that have been used as

refrigerants for many years. How many grams of chlorine are present
in 12.9g of CFC−12 sample?

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑚𝐶𝐶𝑙2𝐹2 = 12.9 𝑔 𝑛𝐶𝐶𝑙2𝐹2 =? 𝑛 = 𝑚/𝑀 12.9

𝑛𝐶𝐶𝑙2𝐹2 =
120
𝑀𝐶𝐶𝑙2𝐹2 = 12 + 2 ∙ 35 + 2 ∙ 19 = 0.11 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 120 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑛𝐶𝐶𝑙2𝐹2 = 0.11 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑛𝐶𝑙 = ? 𝑛𝐶𝑙 = 2 ∙ 𝑛𝐶𝐶𝑙2𝐹2 𝑛𝐶𝑙 = 2 ∙ 0.11

= 0.22 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑀𝐶𝑙 = 35 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝐶𝑙 = ? 𝑚𝐶𝑙 = 𝑛𝐶𝑙 ∙ 𝑀𝐶𝑙 𝑚𝐶𝑙 = 0.22 ∙ 35 = 7.7𝑔

j) Calculate the volume occupied by 7.25 moles of dioxygen at 0°C and 1atm.

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑛 = 7.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑉 =? 𝑉 = 𝑛 ∙ 𝑉𝑚 𝑉 = 7.25 ∙ 22.4 = 162.4𝐿

𝑉𝑚 = 22.4 𝐿/𝑚𝑜𝑙

k) Calculate the volume occupied by 3x1021 molecules of C02 at 25°C and 1atm.

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑋 = 3𝑥1021 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑛 =? 𝑛 = 𝑋/𝑁𝐴 3𝑥1021

𝑛= = 0.005𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑁𝐴 = 6𝑥1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒s 6𝑥1023
/mol

𝑉𝑚 = 24.5 𝐿/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑉 =? 𝑉 = 𝑛 ∙ 𝑉𝑚 𝑉 = 0.005 ∙ 24.5

= 0.123𝐿

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6. Stoichiometry

a) Let’s consider the reaction between hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas to form
ammonia (NH3). How many moles of ammonia gas can be produced
from 0.18mol of hydrogen gas?

3𝐻2 (𝑔) + 𝑁2 (𝑔) → 2𝑁𝐻3 (𝑔)

0.18 mol 𝐻2 n= ?

ni 0.18 0.18(1/3)=0.06 0

nr -0.18 -0.06 0.18(2/3)=0.12

nf 0 0 0.12

0.12 mol of ammonia gas can be produced.

b) Consider the combustion of methane gas (CH4). How many grams of water
can be obtained by the complete burning of 3.20g of methane gas? What
is the volume of carbon dioxide produced during the combustion (consider
normal temperature and pressure conditions)?

𝐶𝐻4 (𝑔) + 2𝑂2 (𝑔) → 𝐶𝑂2 (𝑔) + 2𝐻2 𝑂(𝑔)

𝑚 =3.2 𝑔 V=? m=?

𝑀 = 12 + 4 = 16𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚 3.2
𝑛= = = 0.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀 16

ni 0.2 0.2 (2/1)=0.4 0 0

nr -0.2 -0.4 0.20 0.2 (2/1)=0.4

nf 0 0 0.20 0.4
𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚 ∙ 𝑛 𝑚 =𝑛∙𝑀
𝑉𝑚 = 22.4 𝑙/𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑀 = 2 + 16
= 18 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑉 = 22.4 ∙ 0.2
= 4.48𝐿 𝑚 = 0.4 ∙ 18
= 7.2𝑔

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c) Ammonium nitrate ( NH4NO3) decomposes to dinitrogen monoxide and water.

In an experiment, 45.7g of ammonium nitrate is decomposed. Find the mass of
each of the products formed.

𝑁𝐻4 𝑁𝑂3 → 𝑁2 𝑂 + 2𝐻2 𝑂

𝑚 =45.7 𝑔 m=? m=?
𝑀 = 14 + 4 + 14 + 3 ∙ 16
= 80𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚
𝑛= = 45.7/80 = 0.57 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀

ni 0.57 0 0
nr -0.57 0.57 0.57 (2/1)=1.14
nf 0 0.57 1.14
𝑚=𝑛∙𝑀 𝑚 =𝑛∙𝑀
𝑀 = 2 ∙ 14 + 16 𝑀 = 2 + 16
= 44𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 18 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑚 = 0.57 ∙ 44 𝑚 = 1.14 ∙ 18
= 25.08𝑔 = 20.52𝑔

d) Methane (CH4) can react with chlorine to make carbon tetrachloride and
hydrochloric acid. How many grams of HCl are produced by the reaction of
100.0g of CH4?
𝐶𝐻4 + 4𝐶𝑙2 → 𝐶𝐶𝑙4 + 4𝐻𝐶𝑙
𝑚 =100𝑔 m=?
𝑀 = 12 + 4 = 16𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚 100
𝑛= = = 6.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀 16

ni 6.25 6.25 (4/1)=25 0 0

nr -6.25 -25 6.25 6.25 (4/1)=25
nf 0 0 6.25 25
𝑚 =𝑛∙𝑀
𝑀 = 1 + 35,5
= 36,5𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚 = 25 ∙ 36,5
= 912.5𝑔

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7. Molar Concentration or Molarity

a) If 2.5 mol of CuSO4 are dissolved in enough water to give a 500 ml solution,
what is the molarity of the resulting solution?

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑛 = 2.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶 =? 𝐶 = 𝑛/𝑉 2.5 5𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝐶= = = 5𝑀
0.5 𝐿
𝑉 = 500𝑚𝐿 = 0.5𝐿

b) How many grams of glucose (C6H12O6) are present in 250ml of

a 1.50M glucose solution?

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝐶 = 1.5𝑀 𝑛 =? 𝑛 =𝐶∙𝑉 𝑛 = 1.5 ∙ 0.25

= 0.375 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑉 = 250𝑚𝐿 = 0.25𝐿

𝑛 = 0.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚 =? 𝑚 =𝑛∙𝑀 𝑚 = 0.375 ∙ 180 = 67.5𝑔

𝑀 = 6 ∙ 12 + 12 + 6 ∙ 16
= 180 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

c) How many millilitres of a 1.00M HCl solution would be required to

obtain 7.3g of HCl?

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑚 = 7.3𝑔 𝑛 =? 𝑛 = 𝑚/𝑀 𝑛 = 7.3/36.5 = 0.2𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑀 = 1 + 35.5
= 36.5 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝐶 = 1𝑀 = 1𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿

𝑛 = 0.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑉 =? 𝑉 = 𝑛/𝐶 𝑉 = 0.2/1 = 0.2𝐿

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d) A 6 gram sugar cube (sucrose: C12H22O11) is dissolved in a 350-milliliter cup of

hot water. Find the molarity of the sugar solution.

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑚 = 6𝑔 𝑛 =? 𝑛 = 𝑚/𝑀 𝑛 = 6/342
𝑀 = 12 ∙ 12 + 22 + 11 ∙ 16 = 1.75𝑥10−2 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 342 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑉 = 0.35𝐿

𝑛 = 2.9𝑥10−2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶 =? 𝐶 = 𝑛/𝑉 𝐶 = 1.75𝑥10−2 /0.35

= 5.01𝑥10−2 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿

e) Calculate the number of moles and the mass of the solute, for a concentrated
sulfuric acid solution of 2.00 L of 18.5 M H2SO4.

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝐶 = 18.5 𝑀 𝑛 =? 𝑛 =𝑉∙𝐶 𝑛 = 2 ∙ 18.5 = 37 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑉 = 2𝐿

𝑛 = 37 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚 =? 𝑚 =𝑛∙𝑀 𝑚 = 37 ∙ 98 = 3626𝑔

𝑀 = 2 + 32 + 4 ∙ 16
= 98𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

8. Mass concentration

a) Determine the mass concentration of a salt solution in which 13 g of salt is

added to 52 mL of water.

Data Unknown Formula Calculation

𝑚 = 13𝑔 𝛾 =? 𝛾 = 𝑚/𝑉 13
𝛾= = 250𝑔/𝐿
0.052
𝑉 = 0.052𝐿

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b) A solution is made by adding 22 g solute in 0.66 L of solvent. Determine the

mass concentration.
Data Unknown Formula Calculation
𝑚 = 22𝑔 𝛾 =? 𝛾 = 𝑚/𝑉 22
𝛾= = 33.33𝑔/𝐿
𝑉 = 0.66𝐿 0.66

c) Determine the mass concentration of a solution containing 2.5 mols of NaCl

and 2.5 L of solvent.
Data Unknown Formula Calculation
𝑛 = 2.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚 =? 𝑚 =𝑛∙𝑀 𝑚 = 2.5 ∙ 58.5
𝑀 = 23 + 35.5 = 146.25𝑔
= 58.5 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑉 = 2.5𝐿 𝛾 =? 𝛾 = 𝑚/𝑉 146.25
𝛾= = 58.5𝑔/𝐿
𝑚 = 146.25𝑔 2.5

d) What is the molarity of a solution containing 30g of MgCl2 in 400mL ?

Data Unknown Formula Calculation
𝑚 = 30𝑔 𝑛 =? 𝑛 = 𝑚/𝑀 𝑛 = 30/95 = 0.32𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀 = 24 + 2 ∙ 35.5
= 95 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑉 = 0.4𝐿 𝐶 =? 𝐶 = 𝑛/𝑉 0.32
𝐶= = 0.8 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
0.4

e) What is the mass concentration of a solution containing 3.7 moles of NaCl in

1000mL ?
Data Unknown Formula Calculation
𝑛 = 3.7 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑛 =? 𝑚 =𝑛∙𝑀 𝑚 = 3.7 ∙ 58.5 = 216.45𝑔
𝑀 = 23 + 35.5
= 58.5 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑉 = 1𝐿 𝛾 =? 𝛾 = 𝑚/𝑉 216.45
𝛾= = 216.45𝑔/𝐿
1

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9. Dilution Problems

a) If you dilute 175 mL of a 1.6 M solution of LiCl to 1.0 L, determine the new
concentration of the solution.
𝐶1 𝑉1 = 𝐶2 𝑉2

(1.6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿) (175 𝑚𝐿) = (𝑥) (1000 𝑚𝐿)

𝑥 = 0.28 𝑀

b) Explain what changes and what stays the same when 1.00 L of a solution of
NaCl is diluted to 1.80 L.

The number of moles always stays the same in a dilution.

The concentration and the volumes change in a dilution.

c) What volume of a 1 M Fe(NO3)3 solution can be diluted to prepare 1.00 L of a

solution with a concentration of 0.250 M?
𝐶1 𝑉1 = 𝐶2 𝑉2

(1 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿) (𝑥) = (0.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿) (1𝐿)

𝑥 = 0.25 𝐿

d) What volume of a 0.33-M C12H22O11 solution can be diluted to prepare 25 mL

of a solution with a concentration of 0.025 M?
𝐶1 𝑉1 = 𝐶2 𝑉2

(0.33 𝑀) (𝑥) = (0.025𝑀) (0.025𝐿)

𝑥 = 1.9 𝑚𝐿

e) What is the final concentration of the solution produced when 225.5 mL of a

0.09988 M solution of Na2CO3 is allowed to evaporate until the solution
volume is reduced to 45.00 mL?
𝐶1 𝑉1 = 𝐶2 𝑉2

(0.09988 𝑀) (225.5𝑚𝐿) = (𝑥) (45𝑚𝐿)

𝑥 = 0.5005 𝑀

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