X-

BIT 9
For class
Revised syllabus
NEW SIMPLIFIED MODIFIE
elementary CHEMISTRY
SOLUTIONS
JAMES
0|Page
THAKUR
S

ELINA Solutions
for Class 9
Chemistry
Chapter 1 - The Language of
Chemistry
Chapter 1 - The Language of Chemistry

Chapter 1 - The Language

of Chemistry Exercise Ex.
1(A)

Question 1
Calculate the molecular mass of the
following:
CuSO4·5H2O.
1
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 Given atomic mass of Cu = 63·5,
H = 1, O = 16, C=12, N = 14,
Mg = 24, S = 32

Solution 1
Molecular mass of CuSO4.5H2O
63.5 + 32 + (4 × 16) + (10 × 1) + (5
× 16)
= 63.5 + 32 + 64 + 10 + 80
= 249.5

Question 2
Fill in the blanks:
a. Dalton used symbol _____ for
oxygen _____ for hydrogen.
b. Symbol represents _____ atom(s) of
an element.
c. Symbolic expression for a molecule
is called _____.  .
2 Page
d. Sodium chloride has two radicals.
Sodium is a _____ radical while chloride
is _____ radical.
e. Valency of carbon in CH4 is _____ , in
C2H6 _____, in C2H4 ___ and in C2H2 is
____.
f. Valency of Iron in FeCl2 is _____  and
in FeCl3 it is ____ .
g. Formula of iron (ill) carbonate is
_____  
Solution 2
a. Dalton used symbol [O] for
oxygen[H] f or hydrogen.
b. Symbol represents gram atom(s) of
an element.
c. Symbolic expression for a molecule
is called molecular formula.
d. Sodium chloride has two radicals.
Sodium is a basic radical, while
chloride is an acid radical.
e. Valency of carbon in CH4 is 4, in
3

C2H64, in C2H44 and in C2H2 is 4.

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f. Valency of iron in FeCl2 is 2 and in
FeCl3 it is 3.
g. Formula of iron (III) carbonate
is Fe2[CO3]3.

Question 3
Complete the following table
Chlor Nitrat Sulph Carbo Hydro Phosp
Acid Rad ide e ate  nate xide hate
icals
Basic radicals
Magnesi MgCl Mg(N MgS MgCO Mg(OH)  Mg3(P
um 2 O3)2 O4 3 2 O4)2
Sodium            
Zinc            
Silver            
Ammoni            
um
Calcium            
Iron (II)            
Potassiu            
m

Solution 3
4
Page
Acid Ra Chlor Nitra Sulph carbonaHydro Phosp
dicals  ide te ate te xide hate
Basic radicals
Magnesi MgCl2 Mg(N MgSO4 MgCO3 Mg(OH Mg3(PO
um O3)2 )2 )2
Sodium NaCl NaNO Na2SO Na2CO3 NaOH Na3PO4
3 4
Zinc ZnCl2 Zn(N Zn(SO ZnCO3 Zn(OH) Zn3(PO
O3)2 4)2 2 )2
Silver AgCl AgNO Ag2SO AgCO3 AgOH Ag3PO4
3 4
Ammoni NH4Cl NH4N (NH4)2 (NH4)2CONH4OH (NH4)3P
um O3 SO4 3 O4
Calcium CaCl2 CaCO CaSO4 CaCO3 Ca(OH) Ca3(PO
3 2 )2
Iron (II) FeCl2 Fe(N FeSO4 FeCO3 Fe(OH) Fe3(PO4
O3)2 2 )2
Potassi KCl KNO3 K2SO4 K2CO3 KOH K3PO4
um

Question 4
Sodium chloride reacts with silver
nitrate to produce silver chloride and
sodium nitrate
Write the equation.
5Page
1. Check whether it is balanced, if not
balance it.
2. Find the weights of reactants and
products.
3. State the law which this equation
satisfies. 
Solution 4
1. NaCl + AgNO3 → NaNO3 + AgCl
2. It is a balanced equation.
3. Weights of reactants: NaCl - 58.44,
AgNO3 - 169.87 
    Weights of products: NaNO3 -
84.99, AgCl - 143.32
    NaCl + AgNO3 → NaNO3  + AgCl
    (23+35.5) + (108+14+48) →
(23+14+48) + (108+35.5)
    58.5 + 170 → 85 + 143.5
    228.5 g → 228.5 g
4. Law of conservation of mass:
Matter is neither created nor
6
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 destroyed in the course of a
chemical reaction.

Question 5
What information does the following
chemical equation convey?
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4+ H2

Solution 5
This equation conveys the following
information:
1. The actual result of a chemical
change.
2. Substances take part in a
reaction, and substances are
formed as a result of the reaction.
3. Here, one molecule of zinc and
one molecule of sulphuric acid react
to give one molecule of
zinc sulphate and one molecule of
hydrogen.
7 Page
 4. Composition of respective
molecules, i.e. one molecule
of sulphuric acid contains two
atoms of hydrogen, one atom
of sulphur and four atoms of
oxygen.
5. Relative molecular masses of
different substances, i.e. molecular
mass of
6. Zn = 65
7. H2SO4 = (2+32+64) = 98
8. ZnSO4 = (65+32+64) = 161  
9. H2 = 2
10. 22.4 litres of hydrogen are
formed at STP.

Question 6
What information do the following
chemical equations convey?
8 Page
 Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2+ H2
Solution 6
This equation conveys the following
information:
 
 Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric
acid to form magnesium chloride and
hydrogen gas.
 24 g of magnesium reacts with 2(1
+ 35.5) = 73 g of hydrochloric acid to
produce (24 + 71), i.e. 95 g of
magnesium chloride.
 Hydrogen produced at STP is
22.4 litres. 

Question 7
What are polyatomic ions? Give two
examples.
Solution 7
A polyatomic ion is a charged ion
composed of two or more covalently
9 Page
 bounded atoms. Examples: Carbonate
(CO32-) and sulphate (SO42-)
Question 8
Name the fundamental law that is
involved in every equation.
 Solution 8
Fundamental laws which are involved
in every equation:
 A chemical equation consists of
formulae of reactants connected by a
plus sign (+) and arrow (→) followed
by the formulae of products connected
by the plus sign (+).
 The sign of an arrow (→) is to read
'to form'. It also shows the direction in
which the reaction is predominant.
The fundamental law followed by
every equation is 'Law of Conservation
of Mass'.
10

Question 9
Page
What is the valency of
 fluorine in CaF2 
 sulphur in SF6
 phosphorus in PH3 
 carbon in CH4
 nitrogen in the following
compounds:
(i) N2O3 (ii) N2O5 (iii) NO2 (iv) NO
Solution 9
Valency of fluorine in CaF2 is -1. 
Valency of sulphur in SF6 is -6.
Valency of phosphorus in PH3 is +3.
Valency of carbon in CH4 is +4.
Valency of nitrogen in the given
compounds:
1. N2O3 = N is +3
11

2. N2O5 = N is +5
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 3. NO2  = N is +4
4. NO  = N is +2
 
Question 14
Why should an equation be balanced?
Explain with the help of a simple
equation.
Solution 14
According to the law of conservation
of mass, 'matter can neither be
created nor can it be destroyed'. This
is possible only if the total number of
atoms on the reactants side is equal to
the total number of atoms on the
products side. Thus, a chemical
reaction should always be balanced.
e.g.  KNO3 → KNO2 + O2
In this equation, the number of atoms
on both sides is not the same, and the
equation is not balanced.
12

The balanced form of this equation is

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2KNO3 → 2KNO2 + O2
 
Question 15
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
sodium hydroxide + sulphuric acid
→ sodium sulphate + water
Solution 15
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Question 16
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
potassium
bicarbonate + sulphuric acid →
potassium sulphate + carbon
dioxide + water
Solution 16
2KHCO3 + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2CO2 +
13

2H2O
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Question 17
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following
reactions. iron + sulphuric acid →
ferrous sulphate + hydrogen.
Solution 17
Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2

Question 18
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
chlorine + sulphur dioxide + water
→ sulphuric acid + hydrogen chloride
Solution 18
Cl2 + SO2 + 2H2O → H2SO4 + 2HCl

Question 19
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
silver nitrate → silver + nitrogen
14

dioxide + oxygen
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Solution 19
2AgNO3 → 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2

Question 20
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
copper + nitric acid → copper
nitrate + nitric oxide + water
Solution 20
3Cu + 8HNO3 → 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO
+ 4H2O

Question 21
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
ammonia + oxygen → nitric
oxide + water
Solution 21
 4NH3+5O2  →6H O+4NO
2 +HEAT
15 Page
Question 22
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
barium chloride + sulphuric acid →
barium sulphate + hydrochloric acid
Solution 22
BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HCl

Question 23
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
zinc sulphide + oxygen → zinc
oxide + sulphur dioxide
Solution 23
2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2
Question 24
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
aluminium carbide + water
→ aluminium hydroxide + methane
16Page

Solution 24
Al4C3 + 12H2O → 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4

Question 25
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
iron pyrites(FeS2) + oxygen → ferric
oxide + sulphur dioxide
Solution 25
 4FeS2 + 11O2 → 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Question 26
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
potassium
permanganate + hydrochloric
acid → potassium
chloride + manganese
chloride + chlorine + water
Solution 26
2KMnO4 + HCl → 2KCl + 2MnCl2 +
5Cl2 + 8H2O
17
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Question 27
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
aluminium sulphate + sodium
hydroxide →
sodium sulphate + sodium
meta aluminate + water.
Solution 27
Al2(SO4)3 + 8NaOH → 3Na2SO4 +
2NaAlO2 + 4H2O

Question 28
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
aluminium + sodium
hydroxide + water → sodium
meta aluminate + hydrogen
Solution 28
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 +
3H2
18
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Question 29
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
potassium dichromate + sulphuric ac
id →
potassium sulphate + chromium sulp
hate + water + oxygen.
Solution 29
2K2Cr2O7 + 8H2SO4 → 2K2SO4 +
2Cr2(SO4)3 + 8H2O + 3O2

Question 30
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
potassium
dichromate + hydrochloric
acid → Potassium
chloride + chromium
chloride + water + chlorine
19

Solution 30
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K2Cr2O7 + 14HCl → 2KCl + 2CrCl3 +
7H2O + 3Cl2

Question 31
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
sulphur + nitric acid
→ sulphuric acid + nitrogen
dioxide + water.
Solution 31
S + HNO3 → H2SO4 + NO2 + H2O 

Question 32
Write the balanced chemical equations
of the following reactions.
sodium chloride + manganese
dioxide + sulphuric acid →
sodium.
20

Solution 32
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2NaCl + MnO2 + 3H2SO4 →
2NaHSO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Cl2

Question 33
Define atomic mass unit.
Solution 33
Atomic mass unit (amu) is equal to
one-twelfth the mass of an atom of
carbon-12 (atomic mass of carbon
taken as 12).

Question 34
Calculate the molecular mass of
the following:
(NH4)2CO3  
Given atomic mass of Cu = 63·5,
H = 1, O= 16, C = 12, N = 14,
Mg = 24, S = 32
Solution 34
Molecular mass of (NH4)2CO3
21

= (2 × 14) + (8 × 1) + 12 + (3 × 16)
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= 28 + 8 + 12 + 48
= 96

Question 35
 Calculate the molecular mass of the
following:
a. (NH2)2CO 
b. Mg3N2
Given atomic mass of Cu = 63·5,
H = 1, O= 16, C = 12, N = 14,
Mg = 24, S = 32
Solution 35
a. Molecular mass of (NH2)2CO
= (14 × 2) + (4 × 1) + 12 + 16
= 28 + 4 + 12 + 16
= 60 
b. Molecular mass of Mg3N2
= (3 × 24) + (2 × 14)
= 72 + 28
22

= 100
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Question 37
Choose the correct answer from the
options given below.
1. Modern atomic symbols are
based on the method
proposed by
  Bohr   Dalton
Berzelius Alchemist 
   A b
c d
  
2. The number of carbon atoms
in a hydrogen carbonate radical
is
One Two
Three Four
A b
c d
23 Page
 3. The formula of Iron
(III) sulphate is
Fe3SO4 Fe(SO4)3
Fe2(SO4)3 FeSO4
 
4. In water, the hydrogen-to-
oxygen mass ratio is
1:32 1:16
1:8 1:64

5. The formula of sodium

carbonate is Na2CO3 and that
of calcium hydrogen
carbonate is
 CaHCO3 Ca(HCO3)2
Ca2HCO3 Ca(HCO3)3
PPChapter 1 - The
Language of Chemistry
Exercise Ex. 1(B)
24
Page
 Question 1
What is a symbol? What information
does it convey?
Solution 1
A symbol is the short form which
stands for the atom of a specific
element or the abbreviations used for
the names of elements.
 It represents a specific element.
 It represents one atom of an
element.
 A symbol represents how many
atoms are present in its one
gram (gm) atom.
 It represents the number of times
an atom is heavier than one Atomic
Mass Unit (AMU) taken as a standard.
 
Question 2
Why is the symbol S for sulphur, but
25

Na for sodium and Si for silicon?

Page
Solution 2
In most cases, the first letter of the
name of the element is taken as the
symbol for that element and written in
capitals (e.g. for sulphur, we use the
symbol S). In cases where the first
letter has already been adopted, we
use a symbol derived from the Latin
name (e.g. for sodium/Natrium, we use
the symbol Na). In some cases, we use
the initial letter in capital together
with a small letter from its name (e.g.
for silicon, we use the symbol Si). 

Question 3
Write the full form of IUPAC. Name the
elements represented by the
following symbols:
Au, Pb, Sn, Hg
Solution 3
26 Page
The full form of IUPAC is International
Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Names of the elements:
Au - Gold 
Pb - Lead
Sn - Tin
Hg – Mercury

Question 4
If the symbol for Cobalt, Co, were
written as CO, what would be wrong
with it?
Solution 4
Co stands for Cobalt. If we write CO,
then it would mean that it is a
compound containing two non-metal
ions, i.e. carbon and oxygen, which
forms carbon monoxide gas. 

Question 5
27

What does 2H2 stand for?

Page
 Solution 5
2H2 stands for two molecules of
hydrogen.

Question 6
What is meant by atomicity? Name
some diatomic element.
Solution 6
The number of atoms of an element
that join together to form a molecule
of that element is known as its
atomicity.
Diatomic molecules: H2, O2, N2, Cl2

Question 7
Explain the terms 'valency' and
'variable valency'.
Solution 7
 Valency of Na is +1 because it can
lose one electron.
28
Page
 Valency of O is -2 because it can
accept two electrons.
Variable valency: It is the combining
capacity of an element in which the
metal loses more electrons from a
shell next to a valence shell in addition
to electrons of the valence shell.

Question 8
How are the elements with
variable valency named? Explain with
an example.
Solution 8
If an element exhibits two different
positive valencies, then  
 for the lower valency, use the
suffix -OUS at the end of the name
of the metal
29 Page
   for the higher valency, use the
suffix -IC at the end of the name of
the metal.
Example:
Element Lower val Higher v
ency alency
Ferrum (Iro Ferrous Ferric (Fe3+)
n) (Fe2+)
 
Question 9
Give the formula
and valency of:
a. aluminate ………………… .
b. chromate ………….…….. .
c. aluminium ……………….. .
d. cupric ……………………… . 
Solution 9

 Sr Name For Vale

l... mula ncy
30

a. Alumin AlO2 -2
Page
 ate
b. Chrom CrO4 -2
ate
c. Alumin Al +3
ium
d. Cupric Cu +2
 
 
Question 10
What is the significance of formula?
Solution 10
Significance of the molecular formula:
 It represents both molecule and
molecular mass of the compound.
 It represents the respective number
of different atoms present in one
molecule of the compound.
 It represents the ratios of the
respective masses of the elements
present in the compound.
31 Page
Question 11
What do you understand by the
following terms?
Acid radical 
Solution 11
Acid radical: The electronegative or
negatively charged radical is called an
acid radical.  
Examples: Cl-, O2- 
Question 12
What do you understand by the
following terms?
Basic radical
Solution 12
Basic radical: The electropositive or
positively charged radical is called a
basic radical.  
Examples: K+, Na+ 
Question 13
Select the basic and acidic radicals in
32

the following compounds.

Page
a. MgSO4 
b. (NH4)2SO4
c. Al2(SO4)3
d. ZnCO3
e. Mg(OH)2 
Solution 13
 
 
 Formul Acidic Basic
ae radical radical
a. MgS SO4- Mg+
O4 
b. (NH4 SO4- NH4+
)2SO4 
c. Al2(S SO4- Al3+
O4)3 
d. ZnC CO3- Zn2+
O3 
e. Mg( OH- Mg2+
OH)2 
33

 
Page
 
Question 14
Write chemical formula of
the sulphate of Aluminium,
Ammonium and Zinc.
Solution 14
Valencies of aluminium, ammonium
and zinc are 3, 1 and 2, respectively.
The valency of sulphate is 2.
Hence, chemical formulae of
the sulphates of aluminium,
ammonium and zinc are Al2(SO4)3,
(NH4)2SO4 and ZnSO4.
Question 15
The valency of an element A is 3 and
that of element B is 2. Write the
formula of the compound formed by
the combination of A and B.
Solution 15
 
34

Formula of the compound = A2B3

Page
  
Question 16
Match the following:
 
Compound Formula
a. Boric acid  i. NaOH 
b. Phosphori  ii. SiO2
c acid
c. Nitrous  iii. Na2CO3
acid
d. Nitric acid  iv. KOH
e. Sulphurou  v. CaCO3
s acid
f. Sulphuric   vi. NaHCO
acid 3
g. Hydrochlo  vii. H2S
ric acid
h. Silica  viii. H2O
(sand)
i. Caustic  ix. PH3
35

soda
Page
 (sodium
hydroxide)
j. Caustic  x. CH4
potash
(potassium
hydroxide)
k. Washing soda
 xi. NH3
(sodium carbonate)
l. Baking  xii. HCl 
soda
(sodium
bicarbonate)
m. Lime stone.
 xiii. H2SO3
(calcium
carbonate)
n. Water  xiv. HNO3
o. Hydrogen   xv. HNO2
sulphide
p. Ammonia  xvi. H3BO3
q. Phosphin  xvii. H3PO4
e 
36
Page

r. Methane  xviii. H2SO
 4
  
Solution 16
 
 
Compound Formula (Ans)
a. Boric acid xvi. H3BO3
b. Phosphoric acid xvii. H3PO4
c. Nitrous acid xv. HNO2
d. Nitric acid xiv. HNO3
e. Sulphurous acid xiii. H2SO3
f. Sulphuric acid xviii. H2SO4
g. Hydrochloric acid xii. HCl
h. Silica (sand) ii. SiO2
  Caustic soda i. NaOH
     (sodium
hydroxide)
Caustic potash iv. KOH
(potassium
hydroxide)
37
Page

 Washing soda iii. Na2CO3

 (sodium carbonate)
 Baking soda vi. NaHCO3
(sodium bicarbonate)
 Lime stone v. CaCO3
(calcium carbonate)
n. Water viii. H2O
o. Hydrogen sulphide vii. H2S
p. Ammonia xi. NH3
q. Phosphine  ix. PH3
r. Methane x. CH4
 
 
Question 17
Write the basic radicals and acidic
radicals of the following
and then write the chemical formulae
of these compounds.
a. Barium sulphate  
b. Bismuth nitrate
c. Calcium bromide  
38

d. Ferrous sulphide
Page
e. Chromium sulphate
f. Calcium silicate
g. Potassium ferrocyanide
h. Stannic oxide
i. Magnesium phosphate
j. Sodium zincate
k. Stannic phosphate
l. Sodium thiosulphate
m. Potassium manganate
n. Nickel bisulphate 
Solution 17
 
Compound Acidic Basi Chemi
s radica c cal
l radi formul
cal ae
Barium sul SO42- Ba2+ BaSO4
phate
Bismuth NO3- Bi3+ Bi(NO3)
nitrate 3
39

Calcium Br- Ca2+ CaBr2

Page
bromide
Ferrous su S2- Fe2+ FeS 
lphide
Chromium  SO42- Cr3+ Cr2(SO4
sulphate )3
Calcium SiO42- Ca2+ Ca2SiO4
silicate
Potassium  [Fe(CN K1+ K4[Fe(C
ferrocyani )6]4- N)6]
de
Stannic O2- Sn2+ SnO2
oxide
Magnesiu (PO4)3- Mg2+ Mg3(PO
m 4)2
phosphate
Sodium zi ZnO2- Na1+ Na2Zn
ncate O2
 Stannic (PO4)3- Sn4+ Sn3(PO4
phosphate )4
 Sodium th (S2O3)2- Na1+ Na2S2O
iosulphate
40

3
Potassium  MnO42- K1+ K2MnO4
Page
 manganat
e
Nickel HSO41- Ni3+ Ni(HSO
bisulphate 4)3
 
 
Question 18
Write the chemical names of the
following compounds:
a. Ca3(PO4)2 
b. K2CO3
c. K2MnO4 
d. Mn3(BO3)2
e. Mg(HCO3)2 
f. Na4Fe(CN)6
g. Ba(ClO3)2 
h. Ag2SO3
i. (CH3COO)2Pb  
j. Na2SiO3 
Solution 18
41

Chemical names of compounds:

Page
a. Ca3(PO4)2 - Calcium phosphate 
b. K2CO3 - Potassium carbonate
c. K2MnO4 - Potassium manganate  
d. Mn3(BO3)2 - Manganese (II) borate
e. Mg(HCO3)2 - Magnesium hydrogen
carbonate 
f. Na4Fe(CN)6 - Sodium ferrocyanide
g. Ba(ClO3)2 - Barium chlorate  
h. Ag2SO3 - Silver sulphite
i. (CH3COO)2Pb - Lead acetate 
j. Na2SiO3 - Sodium silicate 
 
Question 19
Give the names of the following
compounds.
a. NaClO 
b. NaClO2
c. NaClO3
d. NaClO4 
Solution 19
42

a. NaClO - Sodium hypochlorite

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b. NaClO2 - Sodium chlorite
c. NaClO3 - Sodium chlorate
d. NaClO4 - Sodium perchlorate 
Question 20
Complete the following statements by
selecting the correct option:  
The formula of a compound represents
 i. an atom
 ii. a particle
 iii. a molecule
 iv. a combination 
Solution 20
iii. The formula of a compound
represents a molecule.
 
Question 21
Complete the following statements by
selecting the correct option:
The correct formula
of aluminium oxide is
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 i. AlO3
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  ii. AlO2
 iii. Al2O3
iv.Al2(O3)2
Solution 21
iii. The correct formula
of aluminium oxide is Al2O3.
Question 22
Complete the following statements by
selecting the correct option:
The valency of nitrogen in nitrogen
dioxide (NO2) is
. one
i. two
ii. three
v. four 
Solution 22
iv. The valency of nitrogen in nitrogen
dioxide (NO2) is four.
 
Question 23
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 Give the names of the elements and
number of atoms of those elements
present in the following compounds.
a. Sodium sulphate
b. Quick lime
c. Baking soda (NaHCO3)
d. Ammonia
e. Ammonium dichromate
Solution 23
a. Sodium sulphate - Na2SO4
There are two sodium atoms, one
sulphur atom and four oxygen atoms.
b. Quick lime - CaO
There is one calcium atom and one
oxygen atom.
c. Baking soda - NaHCO3
There is one sodium, carbon and
hydrogen atom and three oxygen
atoms.
d. Ammonia - NH3
There is one nitrogen atom and three
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hydrogen atoms.
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e. Ammonium dichromate - (NH4)Cr2O7
There two ammonium atoms, two
chromium atoms and seven oxygen
atoms.
Question 24
The formula of the sulphate of an
element M is M2(SO4)3
Write the formula of its
a. Chloride
b. Oxide
c. Phosphate
d. Acetate
Solution 24
The valency of metal M is 3. So, the
formulae are as follows:
a. Chloride - MCl3
b. Oxide - M2O3
c. Phosphate - M(PO4)
d. Acetate - M(CH3COO)3 
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Chapter 1 - The Language
of Chemistry Exercise Ex.
1(C)

Question 1
What is a chemical equation? Why it is
necessary to balance it?
Solution 1
A chemical equation is the symbolic
representation of a chemical reaction
using the symbols and formulae of the
substances involved in the reaction.
A chemical equation needs to be
balanced because a chemical reaction
is just a rearrangement of atoms.
Atoms themselves are neither created
nor destroyed during the course of a
chemical reaction.
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 The chemical equation needs to be
balanced to follow the law of
conservation of mass.
Question 2
State the information conveyed by the
following equation:
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq)  + H2 ↑
Solution 2
A solid metal zinc reacts with
hydrochloric acid in the aqueous state
to produce zinc chloride in the
aqueous state and hydrogen gas.
Question 3
What is the limitation of the reaction
given in question 2?
Solution 3
 The chemical equation given in
question 2 does not give the time
taken for the completion of the
reaction.
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 Also, it does not give information
about whether heat is absorbed or
evolved during the reaction.
Question 4
Write the chemical equations for the
following word equations and balance
them.
a. Carbon   + Oxygen → Carbon
dioxide
b. Nitrogen + Oxygen → Nitrogen
monoxide
c. Calcium + Nitrogen → Calcium
nitride
d. Calcium oxide + Carbon
dioxide → Calcium carbonate
e. Magnesium
+ Sulphuric acid → Magnesium sulpha
te + Hydrogen
f. Sodium reacts with water to form
sodium hydroxide and hydrogen
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Solution 4
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a. C + O2→ CO2
b. N2 + O2→ 2NO
c. 3Ca + N2→ Ca3N2
d. CaO + CO2→ CaCO3
e. Mg + H2SO4→ MgSO4 + H2↑
f. Na + H2O → NaOH + H2↑
Question 5
Balance the following equations:
a. Fe + H2O → Fe3O4 + H2
b. Ca + N2 → Ca3N2
c. Zn + KOH → K2ZnO2 + H2
d. Fe2O3 + CO → Fe + CO2
e. PbO + NH3 → Pb + H2O + N2
f. Pb3O4 → PbO + O2
g. PbS + O2 → PbO + SO2
h. S + H2SO4 → SO2 + H2O
i. S + HNO3 → H2SO4 + NO2 + H2O
j. MnO2 + HCl → MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2
k. C + H2SO4 → CO2 + H2O + SO2
l. KOH + Cl2 → KCl + KClO + H2O
m. NO2 +H2O → HNO2 + HNO3
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Page

n. Pb3O4 + HCl → PbCl2 + H2O + Cl2

 o. H2O + Cl2 → HCl + O2
p. NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
q. HNO3 + H2S → NO2 + H2O + S
r. P + HNO3 → NO2 + H2O + H3PO4
s. Zn + HNO3  → Zn(NO3)2 + H2O +
NO2
 
Solution 5
Balanced chemical equations:
a. 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
b. 3Ca + N2 → Ca3N2
c. Zn + 2KOH → K2ZnO2 + H2
d. Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
e. 3PbO + 2NH3 → 3Pb + 3H2O + N2
f. 2Pb3O4 → 6PbO + O2
g. 2PbS + 3O2 → 2PbO + 2SO2
h. S + 2H2SO4 → 3SO2 + 2H2O
i. S + 6HNO3 → H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
j. MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
k. C + 2H2SO4 → CO2 + H2O + SO2
l. 2KOH + Cl2 → KCl + KClO + H2O
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Page

m. 2NO2 + H2O → HNO2 + HNO3

n. Pb3O4 + 8HCl → 3PbCl2 + 4H2O + Cl2
o. 2H2O + 2Cl2 → 4HCl + O2
p. 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
q. 2HNO3 + H2S → 2NO2 + 2H2O + S
r. P + 5HNO3 → 5NO2 + H2O + H3PO4 
s. Zn + 4HNO3  → Zn(NO3)2 + 2H2O +
2NO2

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