Mechatronics

Lecture 2 : controllers 1 (Introduction & main

Types)
 Hardware Components of
Mechatronics Systems

Hardware
Components

Input Processing Output

Devices Devices Devices

Communication
Sensors controllers Power Supplies Action devices
devices

Buttons, Displays and

Switches and sound devices
Keypads
What is Control System?
• control system manages, commands, directs, or
regulates the behavior of other devices or systems
using control loops.
• control system control system is a system, which
provides the desired response by controlling the
output.
• control system is a set of mechanical or electronic
devices that regulates other devices or systems by
way of control loops. Typically, control systems are
computerized.
Control Loops

Input Process Output

Open Loop Control

Input Process Output

Feedback

Close Loop Control

 Ways to Control … !

• Single Chips
o Micro-processor
o Micro-controller
o System On a Chip
• Development Kits
o Micro-processor development boards
o Micro-controller development boards
o Single Board Computer
 Ways to Control : Micro-processor
• A microprocessor is a computer
processor where the data
processing logic and control is
included on a single integrated
circuit, or a small number of
integrated circuits.
• The microprocessor contains the
arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry
required to perform the functions of
a computer's central processing unit.
• The integrated circuit is capable of
interpreting and executing program
instructions and performing
arithmetic operations.
 Ways to Control : Microcontroller
• A microcontroller (MCU for microcontroller
unit) is a small computer on a single metal-
oxide-semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit
(IC) chip.
• A microcontroller contains:
o one or more Central Processing Unit
(CPUs).
o System Clock.
o memory
o programmable input/output peripherals.
• Microcontrollers are designed for embedded
applications, in contrast to the
microprocessors used in personal computers
or other general purpose applications
consisting of various discrete chips.
 Microcontrollers V.S. PC
Microcontroller Personal Computer

Example Atmega328 Intel Pentium Core 2 Duo

RAM 1KB 4000000KB (4GB)

Storage 15KB 15000000KB (1000GB)

Power 0.1W 600W

Voltage 12 12

Input/Output Pins USB, RS232

Wireless Bluetooth*, RF* Bluetooth

Video None 1000000KB (1GB)

Price $4 to $300 $400 to $2000

Internet WiFi* or Ethernet* WiFi or Ethernet

Example of Microcontroller: Atmega 328 Characteristics
 Ways to Control : SoC
• A system on a chip (SoC) is an integrated
circuit (also known as a "chip") that
integrates all or most components of a
computer or other electronic system.
• These components almost always include:
o a central processing unit (CPU)
o a graphics processing unit (GPU)
o a digital signal processing unit (DSP)
o Memory.
o input/output ports
o Connectivity Module (Wifi, radio , …
ETC) .
o North bridge
o Other components
• SoCs are in contrast to the common
traditional motherboard-based PC
architecture.
Examples of Microcontrollers Developing Boards

https://www.adafruit.com/categories

https://circuitpython.org/downloads

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products