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Skull Crusher-20
for JEE (Advanced) - (Class XI)
Physics

Chapter Name : Waves

Topic Name : Equation of a Progressive Wave, Standing Or Stationary Waves, Beats,
The Speed of A Travelling Wave

1. A transverse sine wave moves along a string in the positive x-direction at a speed of 20 cm/s. The
wavelength of the wave is 1 m and its amplitude is 10 cm. The snapshot of the wave is shown in the figure.
The acceleration and velocity of point P whose displacement at this instant is 5 cm are ap and v p
respectively. Then

(1) vp  2 3j cm/s (2) vp   2 3j cm/s2

42 42
(3) ap  j cm/s (4) ap   j cm/s2
5 5
2. In a resonance tube experiment with a closed organ pipe of length 130 cm, the frequency of tuning fork
used is 340 Hz. Take end correction as 5 cm. If water is poured into the pipe, then the correct statement(s)
is/are (speed of sound in air = 340 m/s).
(1) The distance between adjacent nodes is 50 cm
(2) The minimum length of water column to have resonance is 10 cm
(3) The maximum length of water column to have resonance is 110 cm
(4) The minimum length of water column to have resonance is 30 cm
3. The equation of a standing wave produced on a string fixed at both ends at x = 0 and x = L respectively is
y = (0.8 cm) sin[(0.314 cm –1)x] cos[(600 s–1)t]. Choose the correct statement(s)
(1) The minimum possible value of L is 20 cm
(2) The maximum particle speed is 480 cm/s
(3) The particles of the string at x = 5 cm and x = 24 cm are vibrating in same phase
(4) The particles of the string at x = 4 cm and x = 12 cm are vibrating in opposite phase

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Skull Crusher-43 for JEE ( Advanced) - (Class XI) Physics

4. A string of length 50 cm and mass 2.5 g is fixed at both ends with a tension of 52 N. A closed organ pipe
has length 85 cm. The string vibrates in its second overtone and the air column in the pipe in its first
overtone. Neglect the end correction in the pipe and the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s. Then
(1) The beat frequency is close to 3 Hz
(2) The beat frequency is close to 6 Hz
340
(3) Wavelength of sound wave in the pipe is cm
3
170
(4) Wavelength of sound wave in the pipe is cm
3
5. A block M hangs vertically at the bottom end of a uniform rope of constant mass per unit length. The top
end of the rope is attached to a fixed rigid support at O. Two transverse wave pulse (Pulse 1 at point O
and Pulse 2 at point A) of wavelength 0 is produced without disturbing the position of M, it takes time TAO
to reach point O from A. Which of the following options is/are correct?

(1) The time TAO = TOA

(2) The speed of the two pulses (Pulse 1 and Pulse 2) are the same at the mid point of rope
(3) The wavelength of Pulse 1 becomes longer when it reaches point A
(4) The velocity of any Pulse along the rope is independent of its frequency and wavelength
6. A standing wave given by the equation, S = S0 sinkx. cost is maintained in a homogeneous rod with
cross-sectional area A and density d, where S represents displacement of a particle from its mean position.
Then select the correct statement(s)

(1) The maximum kinetic energy of the particles confined between the points x = 0 and x  is
2k
dAS022
8k

 dAS2 2
(2) The mechanical energy of the particles confined between the points x = 0 and x   is 0
k 4k

(3) The phase difference between the particles at x   and x  5 is zero
3k 3k

(4) The phase difference between the particles at x   and x  5 is 
3k 3k

  
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 Physics Skull Crusher-43 for JEE (Advanced) - (Class XI)




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Skull Crusher-20
for JEE (Advanced) - (Class XI)
Physics
[ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS]
1. Answer (1, 4) 
Let y be the displacement of particle from the mean position. Let vP be the velocity of particle.

 v  y j
p t
dvP 2y ˆ
and acceleration of particle, aP  j =
t 2 dt
Give velocity of wave, v = 20 cm/s and wavelength of wave,  = 1 m = 100 cm
v 1
 Frequency of wave f   Hz
 5
2
 Angular frequency of wave,  rad/s
5
2
k  2  
 

 100 50
As wave is moving along positive x so equation of wave
 2 
y  10 sin 50x – 5 t , x is in cm
 
For point P, y = 5 cm
  
 5  10 sin  x 
50 
 
x 5
 
50 6
2 
Now v P  y  10  –2 cos  x – t 
t

 5  
 50 5 
 

   
at t = 0
 –2   x   –2  – 3    vP  2 cm/s
v P 10   10 
   5  2 
 cos 3
5 50
  

      
Now aP   2y
2  2 2   2 
t  –   10 sin x – t 
 5  50 5 
–42 1 42
at t = 0 aP  10   –
25 2 5

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Skull Crusher-43 for JEE ( Advanced) - (Class XI) Physics
2. Answer (1, 2, 3)
Given speed of wave, v0 = 340 m/s
Frequency of wave, f = 340 Hz
v
Let wavelength of wave,   0  1 m
f
=1m
Let length of air column in pipe is l and end correction is e
For nth mode of vibration
v
Frequency, f  (2n – 1)
4(l  e)
v
 l + e = (2n – 1)
4f
 l + 5 = (2n – 1)25 cm
Putting n = 1, 2, 3
We get l + 5 = 25, 75, 125
 l = 20 cm, 70 cm, 120 cm
So minimum length of water = (130 – 120) cm = 10 cm
Maximum length of water = (130 – 20) cm = 110 cm

Distance between adjacent nodes =  50 cm
2
3. Answer (2, 3, 4)
Given equation of wave, y = 0.8 cm sin[(0.314 cm –1)x] · cos[(600 s–1)t]
 k = 0.314
 = 600
2
using   
k
2  3 · 14
 cm  20 cm
0  3 · 14
As at x = L, there should be node
 0.314L = n
For minimum L

Lmin   10 cm
0.314
y
As particle speed vP 
t
 vP = 0.8 × 600sin[(0.314 cm –1)x][–1]sin(600 s–1)t
So maximum velocity of particle
vmax
P  0.8  600 cm/s
= 480 cm/s
We know particle between two adjacent nodes vibrate in same phase.
As node location are
x = 0, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm

 Option 3, 4 are correct

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 Physics Skull Crusher-43 for JEE (Advanced) - (Class XI)
4. Answer (2, 3)
Let fs, fa be the frequency of wave on string and air column

3v
 fs 
2l

Here l = 0.5 m,

T 52  0.5
v 
  2.5 10–3

3 52  0.5
 fs   306 Hz
2  0.5 2.5 10–3

(2  2 – 1)v  3
Now fa    340  300 Hz
4l 4  0.85

So beat frequency, fbeat = fs – fa

= (306 – 300) Hz

= 6 Hz

Let  be the wavelength of sound in the pipe

3
L
4

4L 3.4 340
  m cm
3 3 3

5. Answer (1, 2, 4)

Let v be the speed of wave at point P, let T,  be tension at P and mass per unit length of string. So speed
of wave at P

Tension in rope at the point T

v= =
Linear mass density of rope 

As wave speed is similar for both pulse

So, TAO = TOA

Let frequency of wave is f

v
So  
f

 Wavelength becomes longer when speed of the pulse increases.

As speed at A is lesser so wavelength of Pulse (1) become shorter when it reaches point A.

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Skull Crusher-43 for JEE ( Advanced) - (Class XI) Physics
6. Answer (1, 2, 4)

Given equation S = S0sinkx · cost

Let v be the speed of particle at x.
S
 v  (–)S  sinkx . sint
t 0

Maximum speed of particle at x,

vmax  S0 | sinkx |

Let us consider an element of length dx of the rod.

Mass of this element, dm = (Adx)d
= (dA)dx

 Maximum kinetic energy of this element,

1
dk  dmv 2
max
2
1
dk  dAS22 sin2 kx dx
0
2
Let k0 be the maximum kinetic energy of particle confined between the points.

x = 0 and x  
2k
 

2 2 2k

2
 k0  2 dAS0  sin
1 kx dx
0




2k
1 dAS 2 
0 (1– cos 2kx)dx
2
 k0  4 0

1 
k dAS22 
 

0 0
4 2k

dAS02 2
k0 
8k
Now mechanical energy of element of length dx,
1 
2 2
d(M.E.)  (dm)2 S0 sin(kx)
2
= S0 (dA dx) sin2 kx
2 2


2 2
d M.E. dAS
0 sin 2 kx dx
2

Let M.E. be the mechanical energy of particle confined between x = 0 and x  
k
 
dAS2 2 k 2
dAS2 2 k
 M.E.   0  sin kx dx = 0
 (1– cos 2kx) dx
2 0
4 0

dAS    
2 2
dAS2 2
0 0
=   =
4 k  4k

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Physics Skull Crusher-43 for JEE (Advanced) - (Class XI)
For location of nodes
kx = n

n
x
k
 x   2 3

0, , , 

k k k
We know particles between two adjacent nodes vibrate in same phase.

 5
 Phase difference between the particles at x  and x  , is .
3k 3k

  

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