PhcogRev 2 3 61

Pharmacognosy Reviews
Vol 2, Issue 3, Jan-Jun, 2008 PHCOG REV.

An official Publication of Phcog.Net
Phcog Rev.: Review Article

Inventory of Vegetable Crude Drug samples housed in Botanical
Survey of India, Howrah
A.B.D. Selvam
Pharmacognosy Section, Botanical Survey of India,
Howrah, West Bengal, India
Author for Correspondence : abd_selvam@yahoo.co.in
ABSTRACT
This paper provides a comprehensive list of about 472 authentic vegetable crude drug samples belonging to about 375 plant
species that are housed in the Crude Drug Museum (CDM) of Pharmacognosy Section, Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Howrah. This
museum is a repository of raw drug samples or vegetable crude drug samples such as rhizomes, roots, stems, wood, bark, leaves,
flowers, fruits, seeds etc. that are commonly used in the Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM). It provides a baseline information on
these raw drugs. The various uses of this museum have been highlighted in this paper.
KEY WORDS: Inventory, Vegetable Crude Drugs, Crude Drug Museum, Pharmacognosy Section, Botanical Survey of India.
INTRODUCTION Of the available/enlisted 472 vegetable crude drug samples,

Since its inception in the year 1960, the Pharmacognosy unit about 50 vegetable crude drug samples were incorporated by
of Botanical Survey of India located at the Central National the author recently, which were either received from outside
Herbarium Building in Indian Botanic Garden Campus, Howrah agencies for identification/authentication or collected by the
has been engaged in studying the Pharmacognostic aspects of author from different parts of India during the field collection
medicinal and economically important plants. Further, it is tours undertaken by him in connection with the project
rendering public/advisory services to the teaching and entitled “Pharmacognostic studies on some selected plants of
research institutions and so on. Negative list of Export”.
The Pharmacognosy unit is maintaining a Crude Drug Museum DISCUSSION
and at present, it is holding a total of about 472 vegetable Providing of too many names (trade names, common names
crude drug samples (exhibits) belonging to about 375 plant and vernacular names) to refer a single vegetable Crude drug
species collected from different parts of India. A large and also using a single name to refer more than one vegetable
number of school, college and university students, crude drugs is a common practice in India, which often leads
researchers and others across the country visit this Museum to to confusion, deception and also gives room for fraudulent
consult vegetable crude drug samples (medicinal plants/plant activities in the trade.
parts) in connection with their studies and research works. In India, various systems of medicine such as Siddha,
This priceless botanical treasure plays an immense role in the Ayurveda, Unani, Homoeopathy, Tibetan, tribal, folk
identification and authentication of vegetable crude drug medicine etc. are in practice, which are predominantly based
samples, which are received from outside agencies such as on the raw drugs/vegetable crude drugs in most of their drug
customs and forest authorities, research institutions, preparations or formulations. The aforesaid ambiguous names
pharmaceutical companies and others. (using many trade names to refer a single crude drug and a
MATERIALS AND METHODS single name to refer more than one crude drugs) may often
The various data under the following headings viz. voucher lead to/end up in using an irrelevant crude drug(s) instead of
number, botanical name (with respective family name), trade a relevant/genuine crude drug(s) to treat a particular
names (English, Hindi, Sanskrit, Tamil and Arabic), available disease/disorder, which will be causing either side effects or
plant parts and their uses pertaining to about 472 vegetable harmful effects to the body for those who use the medicine
crude drug samples that are deposited in the Crude Drug prepared from such ambiguous crude drugs. Sometimes, it
Museum (CDM) of Pharmacognosy Section, Botanical Survey of may be even fatal.
India, Howrah are furnished in a tabular form (Table – 1). In order to avoid such problems, the trade names have been
The trade names have been provided in five different streamlined following the suggestions/guidelines given by the
languages viz. English, Hindi, Sanskrit, Tamil and Arabic. An author in one of his articles (18). Under the heading, trade
updated botanical nomenclature has been provided in this names, five different names relating to five different
paper (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). The botanical names are arranged in languages viz. English, Hindi, Sanskrit, Tamil and Arabic have
alphabetical order for easy and quick access. With regard to been provided for the enlisted vegetable crude drug samples.
the trade names and medicinal properties of plants/plant The Sanskrit, Tamil and Arabic names represent Ayurveda,
parts, the following books were consulted (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, Siddha and Unani systems of medicine respectively. In
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17). addition to these names, Hindi and English names are also
© 2008 Phcog.Net, All rights reserved. 61

Available online: http://www.phcogrev.com
provided. In case of Unani system of medicine, mostly Arabic Further, if a plant is endemic to a particular area or region or
names are provided, wherever Arabic names are not State in India, vernacular or regional name has also been
available, either Urdu or Persian names are provided. furnished (Table – 1).
Table – 1 : An Inventory Of Vegetable Crude Drug Samples Deposited In The Crude Drug Museum (Cdm) Of Pharmacognosy Section,
Botanical Survey Of India (Bsi), Howrah.
Trade names used in Plant parts

Drug action and various uses in
Voucher No. Botanical Name Indian Systems of available in
Indian Systems of Medicine etc.
Medicine (ISM) etc. CDM
BSI/CDM/001 Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. E – Musk-mallow Seeds Seeds musk-scented, used as
(Malvaceae) H – Mushk-dana stimulant and carminative. Seeds
S – Latakasturika yield an essential oil called Musk
T – Kattukasthuri seed oil, used in perfumery. Seeds
U – Hubb-ul-mushk considered as a very good sex
tonic.
BSI/CDM/002 Abroma augusta (L.) L.f. E – Devil’s cotton Roots & Roots used to treat uterine
(Sterculiaceae) H – Ulatkambal Root bark disorders. It is experimentally
S – Pivari proved as a very good womb
T – Sivapputtutti purifier and conceptive medicine.
BSI/CDM/003 Abrus precatorius L. E – Jecquirity Roots, Roots and leaves are astringent,
(Papilionaceae) H – Gunchi Leaves & emetic and diuretic. The seeds are
S – Gunja Seeds acrid, bitter, astringent, purgative,
T – Gundumani abortifacient, aphrodisiac and
U – Aain-ud-deekh trichogenous.
BSI/CDM/004 Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet E – Country-mallow Aerial parts Leaves locally applied over boils
(Malvaceae) H – Kanghi and as a fomentation to painful
S – Atibala parts of the body. Seeds useful in
T – Tutti piles, chronic cystitis, sexual
U – Masht-ul-ghoul debility and gonorrhoea.
BSI/CDM/005 Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. E – Cutch Tree Stem bark & Stem bark astringent. Gum yielded
(Mimosaceae) H – Khair Gum by the tree is used as a substitute
S – Khadirah for Gum Arabic. Heartwood used
T – Karungali for tanning and dyeing.
U – Sard-o-khushk
BSI/CDM/006 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. ssp. E – Indian gum-arabic Bark, leaves, Tender leaves demulcent. Pods are
indica (Benth.) Brenan tree pods, seeds expectorant, also useful in urino-
(Mimosaceae) H – Babul & gum. genital diseases. Bark is a powerful
S – Babbula astringent. Gum is useful in cough,
T – Karuvaelam asthma, diarrhoea, dysentery,
U – Ummughilam seminal weakness and
haemorrhages.
BSI/CDM/007 Acalypha indica L. E – Indian acalypha Roots & The roots and leaves are used to
(Euphorbiaceae) H – Khokali Leaves treat skin diseases, constipation,
S – Harita-manjari ulcers, bronchitis etc. Paste of
T – Kuppaimeni leaves is applied on scabies,
arthritis, eczema, burns, ringworm
etc.
BSI/CDM/008 Achyranthes aspera L. E – Prickly Chaff- Whole plant The whole plant especially roots
(Amaranthaceae) flower are anti-inflammatory and uterine
H – Latjira stimulant. Decoction of the roots
S – Apamarga useful in stomach troubles. Roots
T – Naayurivi also used as an antidote for
U – Atkumah snakebites.
BSI/CDM/009 Acorus calamus L. E – Sweetflag Rhizomes In action, rhizome carminative,
(Araceae/Acoraceae) H – Bach stimulant and tonic; an essential oil
S – Vacha extracted from the rhizomes used in
T – Vashambu perfumery. Rhizome powder is

U – Vaj used to increase memory power.
BSI/CDM/010 Adenanthera pavonina L. E – Red wood Seeds Seeds used in boils and
(Mimosaceae) H – Barigumchi inflammations. Seeds also used as
S – Kunchandana ornaments and jewellers’ weights.
T – Aanaikkundu mani
BSI/CDM/011 Adhatoda vasica Nees E – Malabar nut Leaves Fresh or dried leaves used in
(Acanthaceae) H – Arusha bronchial troubles and asthma for
S – Vasaka centuries. Leaf juice used in
T – Aadaa dhodai diarrhoea, dysentery and glandular
U – Arusa tumours.
BSI/CDM/012 Adiantum incisum Forsk. E – Black fern Whole plant The plant is having aromatic, tonic,
(Adiantaceae) S – Mayurshikha astringent, emetic and febrifuge
T – Myle kondai properties. It is also used in
hemicrania and diabetes.
BSI/CDM/013 Adiantum venustum D. Don E – Black maiden hair Fronts In action, fronts considered as
(Adiantaceae) H – Hansraj tonic, expectorant, diuretic,
S – Hansapadi emmenagogue, astringent, and
T – Mayir sikki emetic.
U – Kuzburatelbir
BSI/CDM/014 Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa E – Bengal quince Fruits Unripe fruits useful in diarrhoea,
(Rutaceae) H – Bel, Bael dysentery and stomachalgia. Ripe
S – Bilva fruits cooling, febrifuge and used to
T – Vilvam cure dyspepsia, diarrhoea etc.
U – Bel
BSI/CDM/015 Agrimonia eupatoria L. E – Agrimony Whole plant The whole plant is considered as an
(Rosaceae) astringent and tonic; roots diuretic;
leaves anthelmintic.
BSI/CDM/016 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. E – Tree of Heaven Bark & Bark and leaves tonic, used
(Simaroubaceae) H – Maharukh leaves especially in debility after
S – Madala Aralu childbirth. Bark used for treating
T – Pee maram asthma and bronchitis.
BSI/CDM/017 Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) H – Akola Root bark Root bark purgative, anthelmintic,
Wang. S – Ankola useful in fever and skin diseases.
(Alangiaceae) T – Alinji An alkaloid isolated from the bark
lowers blood-pressure.
BSI/CDM/018 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. E – Siris tree Bark, leaves Leaves and seeds useful in eye
(Mimosaceae) H – Shiris & seeds troubles; bark in boils. Tree yields
S – Kapitana a gum, used as an adulterant of
T – Vaagai Gum Arabic.
U – Sultanaulasjar
BSI/CDM/019 Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) E – Black Sirish Leaves & Bark useful in ulcers, leprosy, skin
Benth. H – Kala Shirish bark diseases, erysipelas, cough,
(Mimosaceae) S – Bhusirisha bronchitis, diabetes and burning
T – Karuvaagai sensation.
BSI/CDM/020 Aloe barbadensis Mill. E – Indian Aloe Leaves & Leaf juice cathartic and refrigerant,
(Liliaceae) H – Ghikumari gum used in liver and spleen ailments,
S – Kumari eye troubles, also used in X-ray
T – Chotthu burns, skin disorders etc. Gum
katthaazhai cathartic, useful in constipation.
U – Musabar
BSI/CDM/021 Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw. E – Greater Galangal Rhizomes Rhizomes used in rheumatism and
(Zingiberaceae) H – Kulanjan bronchial catarrh, also considered
S – Sugandha vacha stimulant and carminative.
T – Pera-rattai
U – Khulanjan
BSI/CDM/022 Alstonia venenata R. Br. H – Visaghni Bark Bark useful in skin diseases.
(Apocynaceae) S – Rajaadana Psychopharmacological study

T – Pazha munnipala suggests its usefulness in various

mental disorders and as a mood
elevator.
BSI/CDM/023 Alternanthera philoxeroides E – Alligator weed Aerial parts This plant is very rich in iron
(Martius) Griseb. H – Burma Sag content, may be used to treat iron
(Amaranthaceae) T – Seemai deficient anaemia. Arial parts
Ponnaankanni nutricious, consumed as vegetable,
gives a cooling effect to the body.
BSI/CDM/024 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. E – Sessile joy weed Aerial parts Young shoots nutritious, often
(Amaranthaceae) H – Gudrisag cultivated as a Pot-herb. Accredited
S – Matsyaksi with galactagogue properties, also
T – Ponnaankanni used to treat night blindness.
keerai Leaves used to prepare soups.
U – Luqmet el-hamal
BSI/CDM/025 Althaea officinalis L. E – Marsh mallow Seeds The flowers are used as an
(Malvaceae) H – Khitmi ingredient of various cough
T – Seemai thuththi mixtures. In action, seeds
U – Bazarulkhatme emollient.
BSI/CDM/026 Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. E – Pineapple Leaves The leaves are anthelmintic,
(Bromeliaceae) H – Ananas abortifacient & emmenagogue and
S – Anamnasam are useful in helminthiasis,
T – Annasippalam amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea and
U – Aainunnas whooping cough.
BSI/CDM/027 Andrographis echioides (L.) H – Birkubat Aerial parts Juice of this plant used as a
Nees T – Gopuram thaangi febrifuge. Properties and uses of
(Acanthaceae) this plant is considered similar to
those of Andrographis paniculata
(Burm.f.) Nees.
BSI/CDM/028 Andrographis paniculata E – The Creat Aerial parts The plant is very bitter, useful in
(Burm.f.) Nees H – Kalmegh burning sensation, wounds, ulcers,
(Acanthaceae) S – Kirata chronic fevers inflammations,
T – Nila-vaembu cough, bronchitis, skin diseases,
U – Qasabhuva leprosy, intestinal worms,
diarrhoea, dysentery etc.
BSI/CDM/029 Anethum sowa Kurz E – Garden dill Seeds Cremocarps (commonly known as
(Apiaceae) H – Sowa seeds) used as carminative and
S – Satapushpa stomachic; an essential oil
T – Sadda cuppei extracted from this plant given to
U – Sivitta children in flatulence. It is very
good carminative drug. It is also
useful in aromatherapy.
BSI/CDM/030 Annona reticulata L. E – Bullock’s heart Bark & fruits Bark is a powerful astringent.
(Annonaceae) H – Ramphal Decoction of bark is given in
S – Ramphala diarrhoea. Fruits edible. Unripe
T – Raama seethaa fruits anthelmintic. Seeds are
highly poisonous.
BSI/CDM/031 Annona squamosa L. E – Custard apple Bark Bark is a powerful astringent and
(Annonaceae) H – Sitaphal tonic, useful indiarrhoea. Fruits
S – Sitaphala good for digestion. The seeds are
T – Seethaa pazham used to destroy lice.
U – Saripha
BSI/CDM/032 Anodendron manubriatum E – Alligator weed Leaves It is reported to possess properties
Merr. H – Lamtani similar to Ipecacuanha roots. It
(Apocynaceae) T – Sarakkodi contains a bitter substance.
BSI/CDM/033 Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng. E – Chinese laurel Leaves Leaves acidic and edible. The
(Stilaginaceae) H – Himalcheri boiled leaves are used in syphilitic
T – Nolaithalli ulcers. It is reported to be
diaphoretic.

BSI/CDM/034 Aphanamixis polystachya E – Amoora Fruits & Fruis astringent, useful in

(Wall.) Park. H – Harinhara Seeds rheumatism and liver diseases.
(Meliaceae) S – Rohituka Seeds accredited with laxative and
T – Vellai kongu anthelmintic properties; Seed oil
used in rheumatism.
BSI/CDM/035 Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. E – Eagle wood Infected The fungus-infected heartwood
(Thymelaeaceae) H – Agaru woods saturated with resinous substance,
S – Agaru the basis of incence, when distilled,
T – Agali chanthanam it is used in perfumery and
U – Agar-e-hindi medicine. It is also used in
aromatherapy.
BSI/CDM/036 Arachis hypogaea L. E – Ground Nut Seeds Kernels (commonly known as
(Papilionaceae) H – Mung-phali seeds) are a rich source of protein
S – Bhuchanakah and oil. Kernels edible. Peanut oil,
T – Nilakkadalai obtained from the Kernels, is
predominantly used for culinary
(cooking) purposes.
BSI/CDM/037 Argemone mexicana L. E – Mexican poppy Roots & Roots alterative, stimulant, used in
(Papaveraceae) H – Bharbhand seeds skin diseases etc. Seeds poisonous
S – Bramhadandi if taken internally and cause
T – Pirama thandu dropsy. Seeds laxative, emetic,
U – Baramdandi expectorant, demulcent etc.
BSI/CDM/038 Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) E – Elephant climber Leaves Leaves eaten as a vegetable,
Bojer H – Samandar-ka-pat applied externally in itch, eczema,
(Convolvulaceae) S – Bastantri and other skin troubles. Leaves
T – Samuttirappalai antiseptic and astringent and very
good medicine for boils.
BSI/CDM/039 Arisaema speciosum (Wall.) E – Snake lilly Roots Roots given to sheeps for colic;
Mart. ex Schott H – Kiralu also used for killing worms in the
(Araceae) wounds of cattle.
BSI/CDM/040 Aristolochia indica L. E – Indian Birthwort Roots Roots and rhizomes esteemed as a
(Aristolochiaceae) H – Isvarmul gastric stimulant and bitter tonic.
S – Arkamula Roots considered as antitode for
T – Isvaramuli different kinds of poisons.
U – Zaravand-e-hindi
BSI/CDM/041 Artemisia maritima L. var. E – Wormseed Fruits An alkaloid, santonin extracted
thomsoniana Clarke H – Kirmala from unopened floral heads is used
(Asteraceae) S – Gandha as an anthelmintic, it is very
U – Afsanthinulbarh effective against round worms.
BSI/CDM/042 Artemisia vulgaris L. E – Mugwort Aerial parts Infusion of leaves given in asthma,
(Asteraceae) H – Nagdona nervous and spasmodic affections.
S – Nagadamani This plant yields an essential oil,
T – Machipatri used as a flavouring agent.
BSI/CDM/043 Asclepias curassavica L. E – Blood flower Roots Roots emetic and cathartic; used in
(Asclepiadaceae) H – Kakatundi ulcer, piles and gonorrhoea.
S – Kakatundi
BSI/CDM/044 Asparagus racemosus Willd. E – Native asparagus Roots Tuberous roots useful in nervous
(Asparagaceae) H – Shatavar disorders, dyspepsia, burning
S – Shatavari sensation, throat infections, cough,
T – Thanneervittaan bronchitis, leprosy, fatigue,
kizhangu hyperacidity, hypertension etc. It is
U – Shaqaqul a very good galactogogue drug.
BSI/CDM/045 Astragalus gummifer Labill. E – Gum Tragacanth Gum Source of Gum tragacanth,
(Papilionaceae) originating from stem injuries. It
has no known therapeutic action.
However, it is used as a laxative, in
making emulsions etc.
BSI/CDM/046 Averrhoa carambola L. E – Coromandel Leaves & In action, leaves antipruritic,

(Averrhoaceae) gooseberry fruits antipyretic and anthelmintic. They

H – Kamaranga are used to treat scabies, various
S – Karmarangah types of poisoning, intermittent
T – Thaamaraththai fevers and intestinal worms. Fruits
U – Kamarakha edible.
BSI/CDM/047 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. E – Margosa tree Baks, leaves Leaves considered antiseptic,
(Meliaceae) H – Neem & seeds applied over boils in the form of
S – Nimbah poultice. Bark used in skin
T – Vaeppamaram troubles. Seeds yield non-drying oil
U – Neemb (Neem oil) useful in skin diseases.
BSI/CDM/048 Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. E – Water hyssop Aerial parts The plant is said to improve
(Scrophulariaceae) H – Brahmi intellect, used to treat epilepsy,
S – Nira-brahmi insanity and other nervous diseases.
T – Neer pirammi Leaves used as diuretic and
U – Jarnav aperient. Often confused with
Centella asiatica Urban.
BSI/CDM/049 Baliospermum montanum E – Wild Jamalgota Roots The roots used to treat dropsy,
(Willd.) Muell.-Arg. H – Danti flatulence, constipation, jaundice,
(Euphorbiaceae) S – Danti haemorrhoids, leprosy, skin
T – Miradimuttu diseases, wounds, anaemia etc.
U–
Habbussalatinebarri
BSI/CDM/050 Barleria buxifolia L. H – Desikanta Aerial parts Roots and leaves are useful in
(Acanthaceae) T – Rose coughs and inflammations. The
mullippoondu root contains an anthraquinone
pigment, barleriaquine.
BSI/CDM/051 Bauhinia racemosa Lam. H – Kachnal Leaves The leaves astringent and
(Caesalpiniaceae) S – Sveta kanchana althelmintic in properties. The
T – Aaththi paste of leaves applied on wounds
and headache.
BSI/CDM/052 Berberis aristata DC. E – Tree turmeric Leaves & The root bark and wood are useful
(Berberidaceae) H – Darhaldi roots in skin diseases, menorrhagia,
S – Daru haridra diarrhoea, jaundice etc. This plant
T – Mara manjal contains an alkaloid called
U – Aargis berberine, also yields a yellow dye.
BSI/CDM/053 Betula utilis D. Don E – Silver Birch Bark Bark is having antiseptic and
(Betulaceae) H – Bhujpatra carminative properties. Outer bark
S – Bhurjah is papery and were used to write
T – Bhurjjamaram manuscripts in ancient days.
U – Bhurja-patra
BSI/CDM/054 Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) H – Durumbhir Whole plant A decoction of the herb is useful in
Klotzsch fevers. The leaves and roots are
(Oxalidaceae) given in insomnia.
BSI/CDM/055 Boerhavia diffusa L. E – Hogweed Whole plant In action, this plant is cooling,
(Nyctaginaceae) H – Sant tonic, astringent, diuretic,
S – Punarnava aphrodisiac, cardiac stimulant,
T – Mukkarattai- diaphoretic, expectorant, anti-
keerai inflammatory and febrifuge.
U – Handakuki
BSI/CDM/056 Bombax ceiba L. E – Silk cotton tree Bark Bark used to treat blood dysentery,
(Bombacaceae) H – Semal bone fracture, sexual weakness,
S – Simal skin disorders, urinary complaints
T – Mul ilavam etc.
BSI/CDM/057 Brassica nigra (L.) Koch E – Black mustard Seeds Seeds pungent in taste, used as a
(Brassicaceae) H – Asalrai spice and condiment. Seeds yield a
S – Sarasap slow drying oil, used for edible
T – Kadugu purposes, as a lubricant etc.

U – Khardal
BSI/CDM/058 Butea monosperma (Lam.) E – Flame of the Flowers & The flowers used to cure leprosy,
Kuntze forest seeds swellings, arthritis, bone fractures
(Papilionaceae) H – Palas and are very efficacious in birth
S – Palasha control. The seeds useful in herpes,
T – Porasu skin diseases, arthritis, constipation
U – Palash-papra and diabetes.
BSI/CDM/059 Butea superba Roxb. E – Creeping forest Flowers In action, flowers considered as
(Papilionaceae) flame astringent, diuretic, depurative and
H – Palas lata aphrodisiac. Flowers and bark
S – Lata palas reported to be useful in scorpion
T – Kodimurukkan stings and snake bites.
BSI/CDM/060 Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. E – Fever nut Leaves, Leaves and bark febrifuge,
(Caesalpiniaceae) H – Karanju fruits & emmenagogue and anthelmintic.
S – Latakaranjah seeds Fruits tonic and antipyretic. Seeds
T – Kazharchikkaai useful in colic.
U – Hajar-ul-nasra
BSI/CDM/061 Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. E – Red gram Leaves Green leaves and tops used as
(Papilionaceae) H – Tuver fodder, also used as green manure.
S – Tuvari Leaves useful in oral ulcers,
T – Thuvarai odontalgia, gingivitis, strangury
and inflammations. The leaves and
seeds applied as poultice over the
breast to induce lactation.
BSI/CDM/062 Calamus viminalis Willd. E – Rattan Seeds Fruits edible. Seeds exported to
(Arecaceae) H – Bara bet foreign countries. Fruits and pith
T – Pirambu used to cover female genital organs
in Onges of Andaman & Nicobar
islands.
BSI/CDM/063 Calophyllum inophyllum L. E – Alexandrian laurel Bark Bark contains tannin (12%).
(Clusiaceae) H – Sultan champa Pounded bark is applied in orchites
S – Naga champa and its juice used as a purgative.
T – Punnai Bark is used to treat stomatitis,
wounds and peptic ulcers.
BSI/CDM/064 Calotropis gigantea (L.) Aiton f. E – Gigantic swallow Root The powdered root promotes
(Asclepiadaceae) wort gastric secretions and is used to
H – Madar cure asthma, bronchitis and
S – Arkah dyspepsia.
T – Erukku
U – Ashur
BSI/CDM/065 Calotropis procera (Aiton) E – Apple of Sodom Stem Stem yields a fibre similar to that
Aiton f. H – Akada of Calotropis gigantea. Fibre
(Asclepiadaceae) S – Alarka durable under water. Latex is
T – Vellerukku poisonous; it should be avoided
U – Ochar from the eyes.
BSI/CDM/066 Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze E – Tea plant Leaves Leaves used to prepare tea. It is a
(Theaceae) H – Chai very good refreshing hot drink
S – Chaha (beverage). It acts as a stimulant
T – Thaeyilai due to the presence of caffeine.
U – Chha Further, tea is also considered as
astringent, diuretic and nervine
tonic.
BSI/CDM/067 Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. E – Sword bean Fruits Fruits sweet, cooling, astringent,
(Papilionaceae) H – Laal kadsumbal appetizer, digestive etc. The fruits
T – Segappu (green pods) extensively used as a
tampattai vegetable, beneficial in anorexia,

dyspepsia and hyperdipsia.

BSI/CDM/068 Cannabis sativa L. E – Indian Hemp Leaves Leaves narcotic and poisonous and
(Cannabaceae) H – Bhang also a very good sex tonic, to be
S – Bhanga taken only under medical
T – Ganjaa supervision.
U – Hinnab
BSI/CDM/069 Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) E – Green coffee Bark & Bark employed as a febrifuge and
Merr. H – Arsul leaves applied externally to fractures.
(Rubiaceae) T – Alampa maram
BSI/CDM/070 Canthium parviflorum Lam. H – Kirma Stem In action, stem is anthelmintic and
(Rubiaceae) T – Mullu kaarai anti-dysenteric. The stem also
yields a fibre.
BSI/CDM/071 Capparis grandis L. H – Puchaonda Aerial parts Infusion of bark and leaves used
(Capparidaceae) T – Mutkondai internally for swellings and
eruptions.
BSI/CDM/072 Cardiospermum halicacabum L. E – Baloon vine Aerial parts The leaves are rubefacient and
(Sapindaceae) H – Kanphuti useful in arthritis. The seeds are
S – Jyotismati tonic and diaphoretic. The plant has
T – Mudakkatthaan sedative action on the central
U – Habbulkalkal nervous system.
BSI/CDM/073 Carica papaya L. E – Papaya tree Bark This plant yields a blood
(Caricaceae) H – Papita anticoagulant substance. Latex
S – Chirbhita (papain) derieved used from
T – Pappaali different parts of the plant is used
U – Aanabahe-hindi as a digestant.
BSI/CDM/074 Cassia auriculata L. E – Tanner’s Cassia Leaves & Paste of leaves is used to treat skin
(Caesalpiniaceae) H – Tarwar fruits disorders including leprosy. Seeds
S – Talapota used in eye troubles, diabetes etc.
T – Aavaaram Whole plant is used to tan leather.
BSI/CDM/075 Cassia fistula L. E – Pudding-pipe tree Leaves & The leaves are laxative, anti-
(Caesalpiniaceae) H – Amaltas fruits periodic and also useful in leprosy.
S – Suvarnaka Dried fruits used as a purgative;
T – Sarakkonnai laxative for habitual constipation.
U – Khiyar-e-shambur
BSI/CDM/076 Cassia senna L. E – Tinnevelly Senna Leaves Leaves useful in constipation,
(Caesalpiniaceae) H – Hindi-sana abdominal disorders, leprosy, skin
S – Svarnapatri diseases, leucoderma, jaundice,
T – Ponnaavarai bronchitis, typhoid fever etc.
U – Sana-e-hindi
BSI/CDM/077 Cassia siamea Lam. H – Kassod Leaves This species is one of the hosts of
(Caesalpiniaceae) T – Manja-konnai Lac insects. Leaves also used as
manure.
BSI/CDM/078 Cassia sophera L. E – Sophera senna Fruits & Leaves, bark and seeds cathartic
(Caesalpiniaceae) H – Kasaunda leaves and juice of the leaves is used to
S – Kasamarda treat ringworm. Powdered seed
T – Sularai used to treat itch.
U – Kalakasonji
BSI/CDM/079 Catharanthus pusillus (Murr.) H – Sangkhi Aerial parts Plant poisonous, particularly to
G. Don S – Sangkhapuli cattle. Causing temporary blindness
(Apocynaceae) T – Paalaichchetthai with urticarial rash on the body.
BSI/CDM/080 Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don E – Red periwinkle Leaves An alkaloid ‘vincristine’ isolated
(Apocynaceae) H – Sadabahar from this plant is useful in treating
S – Nityakalyani breast cancer, leukaemia etc.
T – Niththiya kalyaani
BSI/CDM/081 Cedrus deodara (D. Don) G. Don E – Himalayan Cidar Heart-wood Oleoresin (oil) distilled from
f. H – Devdar heartwood of this plant is

(Pinaceae) S – Devadaru considered as antiseptic,

T – Thaevathaaru diaphoretic, depurative and
U – Shajratuddevadar diuretic. Oil used to cure leprosy,
syphilils and strangury.
BSI/CDM/082 Celastrus paniculatus Willd. E – Climbing Staff Bark & fruits The bark is abortifacient,
(Celastraceae) plant depurative and a brain tonic. Seeds
H – Malkangni tonic and aphrodisiac. Seed oil is a
S – Jyotishmati reputed nervine stimulant and a
T – Vaaluluvai very good brain tonic.
U – Malkanguni
BSI/CDM/083 Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. E – Indian pennywort Leaves Diuretic and tonic; also used in skin
(Apiaceae) H – Brahmi-manduki diseases, leprosy and for improving
S – Mandukaparni memory. It is good brain stimulator
T – Vallaarai and nervine tonic.
BSI/CDM/084 Centratherum anthelminticum E – Purple Fleabane Seeds Achenes (seeds) accredited with
Kuntze H – Somraj anthelmintic properties and are
(Asteraceae) S – Somraji effective against threadworms.
T – Kaattu-cheeragam
U – Janglijiri
BSI/CDM/085 Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Stokes) E – Ipecac Roots Roots, in large doses used as
Baill. emetic; in small doses, used as
(Rubiaceae) expectorant, diaphoretic and
alterative; in intermediate doses as
nauseant.
BSI/CDM/086 Chlorophytum borivilianum E – White Musli Roots Tuberous roots, a well-known
Sant. & Fernand. H – Musli energizer and tonic. It is mainly
(Liliaceae) S – Safed Musli used as aphrodisiac agent and to
treat general dibility. It is
considered as a very good sex
tonic.
BSI/CDM/087 Cinchona officinalis L. E – Cinchona tree Bark ‘Quinine’ an alkaloid isolated from
(Rubiaceae) H – Alsi quinine the bark is mainly used in the
S – Sinkona treatment of malarial fevers. It is a
T – Sinkona best antipyretic, analgesic and anti-
malarial drug.
BSI/CDM/088 Cinnamomum camphora (L.) E – Camphor tree Bark Camphor is obtained mainly from
J. Presl H – Karpur the leaves and also from the stems
(Lauraceae) S – Karpura by distillation. The camphor is
T – Karpooram aromatic, bitter, thermogenic,
U – Kafur diaphoretic, antiseptic, anodyne,
and aphrodisiac. It is also used in
aromatherapy.
BSI/CDM/089 Cinnamomum cassia Blume E – Chinese Cinnamon Bark Bark is accredited with stomachic
(Lauraceae) H – Lalka and carminative properties.
U – Salikha
BSI/CDM/090 Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex H – Jangli-darchini Bark Bark contains a volatile oil with the
Blume T - Kaattu- odour of cloves and musk seeds,
(Lauraceae) kkaruvappattai used to treat cough and dysentery
in children.
BSI/CDM/091 Cinnamomum macrocarpum S – Tejapatra Bark Essential oil extracted from root-
Hook.f. T – Karuva pattai bark used in rheumatism.
(Lauraceae)
BSI/CDM/092 Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.- E – Indian Cassia Leaves & Leaves carminative, used as a spice
Ham.) Nees & Eberm. H – Tejpat bark or condiment to flavour foods. Bark
(Lauraceae) S – Tejpatra is an adulterant of Cinnamommum
T – Talish patthiri zeylanicum Bl. Leaves and bark
U – Tejapat yield an essential oil.
BSI/CDM/093 Cinnamomum verum J. Presl E – Ceylon Cinnamon Bark Bark, known as true Cinnamon,

(Lauraceae) H – Dalchini extensively used as a spice or

S – Tamalapatra condiment. Bark yields an essential
T – Lavanga pattai oil used for flavouring
U – Darsini confectionary, pharmaceuticals and
soaps; also used in gastric troubles.
BSI/CDM/094 Cissampelos pareira L. E – False pareira root Aerial parts Roots diuretic, antiperiodic and
(Menispermaceae) H – Akanadi purgative used in dyspepsia, dropsy
S – Ambashtha and urinary troubles. It is very good
T – Appattaa medicine for blood disorders.
BSI/CDM/095 Cissus quadrangularis L. E – Bone-setter Aerial parts This plant is useful in colonopathy,
(Vitaceae) H – Hadjora scurvy, asthma, burns and wounds.
S – Vajravalli Powdered roots as well as the stem
T – Pirandai paste are very specific for bone
U – Harjora fractures.
BSI/CDM/096 Citrullus colocynthis (L.) E – Bitter apple Fruits Fruit galactagogue and
Schrader H – Indrayan stomachache. Fruit pulp, a drastic
(Cucurbitaceae) S – Indravaruni purgative. Seeds contain a fixed oil.
T – Paey kumatti
U – Hamzal
BSI/CDM/097 Clausena excavata Burm. f. E – Pink lime-berry Roots Root paste with water is given in
(Rutaceae) H – Agnijal phenumonia. Infusion of the roots,
flowers and leaves useful in colic.
BSI/CDM/098 Cleome gynandra L. E – Bastard mustard Aerial parts This plant is useful in treating
(Capparidaceae) H – Hurhuria rubifacient, also useful in treating
T – Nalla vaelai rheumatism and fever.
U – Abu qarn
BSI/CDM/099 Clerodendrum serratum (L.) E – Green witch’s Aerial parts Leaves used as febrifuge. Seeds
Spreng. tongue aperient, also employed in external
(Verbenaceae) H – Barangi applications for cephalagia and
S – Bharangi ophthalmia. Seeds aperient, used in
T – Siru thaekku dropsy.
U – Bharangi
BSI/CDM/100 Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. H – Titabhamt Leaves Leaves useful in vitiated conditions
(Verbenaceae) T – Perukilai of kapha, helminthiasis, leprosy,
skin diseases, intermittent fevers
etc.
BSI/CDM/101 Coccinia grandis (L.) J. Voigt E – Ivy gourd Aerial parts Leaves bitter, sweet, astringent and
(Cucurbitaceae) H – Kanduri cooling. Raw fruits used as
S – Bimbi vegetable, ripened fruits eaten.
T – Kovai Fruits useful in burning sensation,
leprosy, skin diseases, asthma,
cough, bronchitis, jaundice etc.
BSI/CDM/102 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels E – Broom creeper Aerial parts Leaves mucilaginous, cooling,
(Menispermaceae) H – Patalagarudi aphrodisiac, demulcent, anodyne
S – Patalagarudah and expectorant. Roots and leaves
T – Sirunkaattukkodi are very good medicine for genito-
U – Faridbutti urinary disorders.
BSI/CDM/103 Cocos nucifera L. E – Coconut tree Kernel Kernel is sweet, cooling, appetizer,
(Arecaceae) H – Nariyal aphrodisiac, laxative and tonic.
S – Nari-kela Coconut oil, employed in the
T – Thennai-maram preparations of food products,
U – Narjil soaps, cosmetics items etc.
BSI/CDM/104 Colchicum luteum Baker E – Golden collyrium Corms Corms used as a carminative,
(Liliaceae) H – Surinjan laxative and aphrodisiac, used in
S – Hiranya-tutha gout, rheumatism and diseases of
U – Asab-e-hurmus liver and spleen.
BSI/CDM/105 Colocasia esculanta (L.) Schott E – Taro Corms Boiled and fried tubers consumed.
(Araceae) H – Arvi Corm is laxative, demulcent,

S – Kachu anodyne, nutritive, galactogogue,

T – Saeppan-kizhangu stimulant etc.
U – Kalkas
BSI/CDM/106 Commiphora mukul Engl. E – Indian bdellium Gum resin A pale yellow or brown aromatic
(Burseraceae) H – Guggul Gum resin obtained from the bark
S – Guggulu is used as incense, fixative in
T – Kungiliam perfumery and in medicine as an
U – Muclul yasud astringent and antiseptic.
BSI/CDM/107 Commiphora myrrha (Nees) E – Myrrh Gum resin The gum resin exudates from the
Engl. H – Bol wounds in the stem is used in
(Burseraceae) S – Rasagaduhi perfumery, mouth washes,
T – Vellaippapolam religious ceremonies as incense.
U – Myrrh This was used by ancients for
embalming.
BSI/CDM/108 Commiphora wightii (Arn.) E – Indian Bdellium Gum resin The gum resin obtained from this
Bhand. H – Guggulu plant is used as an incense. The
(Burseraceae) S - Deva dhupa gum resin is astringent, antiseptic,
T – Kiluvai carminative and aphrodisiac.
BSI/CDM/109 Coptis teeta Wall. E – Gold thread Rhizomes Rhizome tonic and stomachic, used
(Ranunculaceae) H – Mamira in debility and dyspepsia; also
S – Supita employed as a salve for the eyes.
T – Pitarohini
U – Mamira-chini
BSI/CDM/110 Corchorus olitorius L. E – Jew’s mallow Leaves Infusion of leaves tonic and
(Tiliaceae) H – Koshta febrifuge; also used as a demulcent
T – Sanal in cystitis and dysuria.
U – Molukhyia
BSI/CDM/111 Coscinium fenestratum E – Tree turmeric Stems Decoction of the stem has
(Gaertn.) Colebr. H – Jhari-haldi antiseptic properties, used to dress
(Menispermaceae) S – Daru haridra wounds. Stem yields a yellow dye
T – Maramanjal used in dyspepsia, as a febrifuge,
and for dressing wounds.
BSI/CDM/112 Costus speciosus (Koenig) Sm. E – Elegant costus Rhizomes Rhizomes accredited with
(Costaceae) H – Kushy purgative and tonic properties. It is
S – Kimuka employed in general debility,
T – Malai vasampu sexual debility, diarrhoea,
dysentery, colic, dyspepsia, skin
diseases, asthma etc.
BSI/CDM/113 Crateva religiosa Forst.f. H – Barum Bark Bark stimulates liver, its extract
(Capparidaceae) S – Varana used as a laxative and for
T – Mavilingam promoting appetite; also given in
U – Barna calculus and other urinary
affections.
BSI/CDM/114 Croton roxburghii Balak. H – Chucka Bark Decoction of roots and bark given
(Euphorbiaceae) S – Bhutankusa in constipation, diarrhoea,
T – Millakumari dysentery and other stomach
diseases.
BSI/CDM/115 Croton tiglium L. E – Purging croton Seeds Seeds and seed oil useful in
(Euphorbiaceae) H – Jamalgota constipation, abdominal disorders,
S – Jayapala dyspepsia, convulsions, cough,
T – Nervalam bronchitis etc.
U – Habb-us-salatin
BSI/CDM/116 Cryptolepis buchananii Schult. E – Milk vine Aerial parts This plant used to cure children
(Periplocaceae) H – Karanta from rickets. Fibre derived from
T – Paal kodi this plant used to make cordage and
a kind of cloth.
BSI/CDM/117 Cullen corylifolia (L.) Medik. H – Bavanchi Seeds Seeds laxative, diuretic, diaphoretic
(Papilionaceae) S – Bakuchi and aphrodisiac, recommended for

T – Karpooragam leucoderma, leprosy, psoriasis etc.

U – Babechi
BSI/CDM/118 Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. E – Black musli Roots Tuberous roots considered as
(Hypoxidaceae) H – Kali-musli demulcent, diuretic and tonic. It is
S – Tala-muli also used in skin disorders.
T – Nilappanai
U – Musali
BSI/CDM/119 Curcuma amada Roxb. E – Mango ginger Rhizomes The rhizomes has a very good
(Zingiberaceae) H – Aam -haldi carminative and antiseptic
S – Karpura-haridra properties. Contain an essential oil.
T – Maangaay-inji
U – Daru-haladi
BSI/CDM/120 Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. E – Indian Arrow root Rhizomes Tubers yield starch resembling
(Zingiberaceae) H – Tikhur arrow-root, easily digestible,
S – Tavakshira recommended for invalids and
T – Ararut kizhangu children.
U – Tavashira
BSI/CDM/121 Curcuma aromatica Salisb. E – Wild turmeric Rhizomes Paste prepared from rhizomes
(Zingiberaceae) H – Jangli-haldi applied on sprains, blunt injuries,
S – Vana-haridra boils, fracture etc. It is used as a
T – Kasturi manjal substitute for turmeric Curcuma
U – Judwar domestica Valeton.
BSI/CDM/122 Curcuma domestica Valeton E – Turmeric Rhizomes Dried rhizome powder is used in
(Zingiberaceae) H – Haldi cooking as condiment, in various
S – Haridra cosmetic items and applied on
T – Manjal wounds, cuts, swellings etc. It is
U – Zirsud also used as a colouring agent.
BSI/CDM/123 Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) E – Zedoary Rhizomes Rhizomes considered as stimulant,
Roscoe. H – Kachura carminative and stomachic.
(Zingiberaceae) S – Sati Rhizomes yield an essential oil, a
T – Kasturi manjal very good medicine for digestive
U – Zadwar disorders.
BSI/CDM/124 Cycas beddomei Dyer E – Beddome’s Cycad Seeds & Seeds edible and eaten with ‘Ragi’
(Cycadaceae) Telugu - Perita male cones cereal. The male cones are pruned
by the local tribals for its professed
medicinal value as a major
ingredient in rejuvenating tonic.
BSI/CDM/125 Cycas circinalis L. E – Sago palm Male cones Male flowers (cones) are used to
(Cycadaceae) H – Jangli eradicate rats from paddy fields.
madanphool Young leaves used as a vegetable.
S – Varaguna Seeds edible.
T – Madanagama poo
BSI/CDM/126 Cydonia oblonga Miller E – Quince Seeds Seeds mucilaginous, used as a
(Rosaceae) H – Bihi demulcent vehicle in skin lotions.
S – Amritphala Mucilage also used in preparation
T – Shimaimathala of cosmetic lotions, creams and a
U – Sfarjel stabilizer in dairy preparations.
BSI/CDM/127 Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) E – Lemon grass Leaves Leaves yield an essential oil with
Stapf H – Gandhatrina fresh lemon scent, useful in soap
(Poaceae) S – Bhustrina manufacturing and as a flavouring
T – Vaasanappullu agent. It has anticancer property. It
is also used in aromatherapy.
BSI/CDM/128 Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link E – Yellow broom Stems Green twigs (before flowering)
(Papilionaceae) used as a cardiac tonic and diuretic
in dropsy.
BSI/CDM/129 Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) E – Marsh orchid Tubers Tubers used as nervine tonic and
Soo H – Salam panja aphrodisiac. Decoction of the root
(Orchidaceae) S – Salam pamisri useful in seminal debility and

T – Salamisri general weakness particularly in

debilitated women after delivery.
BSI/CDM/130 Daphne oleoides Schreb. H – Kutilal Leaves Bark and leaves used in skin
(Thymelaeaceae) diseases. Crushed leaves with
wheat flour and oil are used for
poulticing boils. The fruits are
eaten to induce nausea.
BSI/CDM/131 Daphne papyracea Wall. ex H – Satpura Leaves Leaves considered as bitter,
Steud. purgative and febrifuge. Bark of
(Thymelaeaceae) this plant is employed for making
paper.
BSI/CDM/132 Datura innoxia Miller E – Sacred Datura Aerial parts Whole plant antihydrophobic; leaf
(Solanaceae) H – Sadadatura useful in asthma and boils; fruits in
U – Datoura rheumatism; seeds in pyorrhoea.
Seeds also used in country liquor.
BSI/CDM/133 Datura metel L. E – Thorn apple Leaves & Leaves narcotic, anodyne,
(Solanaceae) H – Dhatura fruits antispasmodic, expectorant etc.
S – Dhustura Seeds aphrodisiac, narcotic and
T – Karu-oomaththai antispasmodic. It is useful in skin
U – Hachichet el diseases and to treat dandruff and
feddah lice.
BSI/CDM/134 Datura stramonium L. E – Mad apple Aerial parts Leaves and seeds anodyne,
(Solanaceae) H – Shivprya antispasmodic and narcotic. Leaves
S – Dhattura useful in dislocation of joints,
T – Seemai- stomach complaints and tooth ache.
uumaththai Fruits useful in veterinary lactation.
U – Janzelmathil
BSI/CDM/135 Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) E – Royal gulmohar Aerial parts This plant is grown as an
Raf. H – Gul-mohar ornamental as well as avenue trees.
(Caesalpiniaceae) T – Mayil konrai Flowers sweet, astringent,
appetizer, demulcent, nutritive etc.
Bark and pods astringent.
BSI/CDM/136 Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) E – Sickle mistletoe Aerial parts It is a stem parasitic plant and also
Ettingsh. H – Banda poisonous. The plant used in
(Loranthaceae) S – Vrikshadani pulmonary tuberculosis, menstrual
T – Pulluruvi disorders, epilepsy, rheumatism etc.
BSI/CDM/137 Desmodium gangeticum (L.) H – Sarivan Roots Roots useful in indigestion,

DC. S – Shalaparni dyspepsia, inflammations, cough,
(Papilionaceae) T – Pulladi asthma, bronchitis, debility etc. It is
U – Shalwan a very good analgesic and nervine
tonic.
BSI/CDM/138 Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) E – Sickle bush Stem & The young shoots are bruised and
Wight & Arn. H – Vartuli leaves applied to the eyes in the cases of
(Mimosaceae) S – Vallataru ophthalmia. Leaves astringent. It is
T – Vedathalaa also used to treat urogenital
disorders.
BSI/CDM/139 Digitalis lanata Ehrh. E – Woolly Foxglove Leaves Leaves are cardiac stimulant and
(Scrophulariaceae) H – Makhmali lomar tonic. The leaves produce the
characteristic physiological effects
like that of Digitalis purpurea L.,
the effect being considerably
strong.
BSI/CDM/140 Digitalis purpurea L. E – Common Foxglove Leaves Leaves employed in low doses in
(Scrophulariaceae) H – Digitalis heart disorders, skin diseases, colic,
S – Hritapatri diarrohoea, blood pressure,
epilepsy, tuberculosis etc.
BSI/CDM/141 Dillenia indica L. E – Elephant apple Bark & Bark and leaves astringent.

(Dilleniaceae) H – Chalta leaves Decoction of leaves and bark is

S – Bharija given in diarrhoea, diabetes,
T – Uva stomatitis, dysentery etc.
BSI/CDM/142 Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex H – Singli-mingli Tubers Tubers not edible, but rich in
Griseli saponin and are used for washing
(Dioscoreaceaea) silk, wool and hair and in dyeing;
also used as fish-poison and to kill
lice.
BSI/CDM/143 Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) E – Malabar ebony Stem Fruit and stem bark possess
Kostel. H – Kalatendu astringent properties. Bark is also
(Ebenaceae) S – Tinduka used in dysentery and intermittent
T – Kattatti fevers. Seeds given in diarrhoea.
U – Abnus-e-hindi
BSI/CDM/144 Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) E – Striped cucumber Aerial parts This plant is acrid, anti-
C. Jeffrey H – Shivalingi inflammatory, alterative, depurative
(Cucurbitaceae) S – Lingini and tonic. Seeds given to women
T – Sivalingakkay in order to conceive pregnancy and
also useful in leucorrhoea.
BSI/CDM/145 Dolichos biflorus L. E – Horse gram Seeds Seeds (pulse) edible. Seeds used to
(Papilionaceae) H – Kulthi treat obesity, piles, diarrhoea,
S – Kulaththa bronchitis, asthma, hiccough etc. It
T – Kollu is very good medicine for treating
U – Hab-ul-kilat calculi.
BSI/CDM/146 Drymaria cordata (L.) E – Chick weed Aerial parts Whole plant useful in diarrhoea,
Roem. & Schult. H – Pindidryma dysentery, food poison, mouth and
(Caryophyllaceae) tongue sores. Plant juice is laxative
and antifebrile.
BSI/CDM/147 Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. E – False daisy Aerial parts This plant is useful in blackening
(Asteraceae) H – Bhangra and strengthening of the hairs, for
S – Bhringaraja stopping haemorrhages and fluxes
T – Karisilaanganni and also for strengthening the
U – Sa’ada gums. The seeds good for
increasing sexual vigour.
BSI/CDM/148 Embelia ribes Burm.f. E – Embelia Roots, leaves The root possesses antifertility
(Myrsinaceae) H – Baberang & seeds. property. Leaves useful in pruritus
S – Vidanga and leprosy. Fruits useful in chest
T – Vivilangam diseases, throat troubles and lip
U – Baibarang cancer.
BSI/CDM/149 Enhydra fluctuans Lour. H – Harkuch Aerial parts Leaves eaten as a vegetable.
(Asteraceae) S – Jalabrahmi considered laxative, antibilious and
demulcent, used in cutaneous and
nervous affections. This herb yields
an essential oil.
BSI/CDM/150 Erythrina variegata L. E - Indian Coral tree Bark, leaves Bark extract febrifugic, useful in
(Papilionaceae) H – Dadap & fruits liver troubles. Leaves considered as
S – Paribhadrah laxative, diuretic, anthelmintic,
T – kalyana-murungai galactogogue & emmenagogue.
BSI/CDM/151 Eucalyptus camaldulensis E – Red gum tree Leaves Leaves yield an essential oil useful
Dehnh. in dysentery. Also a source of Red
(Myrtaceae) gum, used in diarrhoea, relaxed
throats and dentisgtry.
BSI/CDM/152 Eucalyptus globulus Labill. E – Blue gum tree Leaves Leaves yield an essential oil useful
(Myrtaceae) in vitiated conditions of kapha and
whooping cough, headache,
tuberculosis, chronic cough,
asthma, bronchitis, skin diseases
etc. Oil also used in aromatherapy.

BSI/CDM/153 Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl E – Ayapana tea Leaves Leaves stimulant and tonic in small
(Asteraceae) H – Ayapana doses and laxative in higher doses.
S – Ayaparnah A decoction of the leaves is a
T – Ayappani popular haemostatic remedy
against various kinds of
haemorrhage.
BSI/CDM/154 Fagopyrum cymosum Meissn. H – Banogal Leaves Principally a fodder plant. Leaves
(Polygonaceae) cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Grains used in colic, choleric
diarrhoea and abdominal
obstructions.
BSI/CDM/155 Ferula assa-foetida L. E – Asafoetida Resin The resinous substance of this plant
(Apiaceae) H – Hing is used in cooking as condiment. It
S – Hingu is very good carminative and anti-
T – Perunkayam flatulent medicine.
U – Hillatit
BSI/CDM/156 Ficus benghalensis L. E – Banyan tree Bark It is a religious tree in India. Bark
(Moraceae) H – Peepal useful in burning sensation,
S – Nyagrodhah dysentery, diabetes, skin diseases
T – Aala maram etc.
BSI/CDM/157 Ficus elastica Roxb. ex E – Indian rubber Bark It is an important rubber-yielding
Hornem. H – Bor tree and a good source of fodder.
(Moraceae)
BSI/CDM/158 Ficus hispida L.f. E – Devil Ficus Bark Bark is useful in constipation,
(Moraceae) H – Katgularia asthma, leucoderma, diabetes,
S – Kakadumbura piles, leprosy, bronchitis,
T – Paei Atthi leucorrhoea etc. Bark is very good
medicine for leucorrhoea.
BSI/CDM/159 Ficus racemosa L. E – Country fig Bark Bark highly efficacious in
(Moraceae) H – Gular leucorrhoea and in threatened
S – Udumbarah abortions. Due to the presensence
T – Vellai Atthi of tannins, it is widely used in
U – Jammaiz diabetes, leucorrhoea and
diarrhoea.
BSI/CDM/160 Ficus religiosa L. E – Sacred fig Bark It is a sacred and religious tree of
(Moraceae) H – Peepal India. Bark astringent, sweet,
S – Pippalah cooling, aphrodisiac, antiseptic,
T – Arasa maram expectorant and antiphlogistic.
U – Medah
BSI/CDM/161 Frerea indica Dalz. Marathi – Shindal- Aerial parts A highly valued succulent plant,
(Asclepiadaceae) makudi useful in indoor decoration. Stem
and leaves edible, also used as a
fodder. It is useful in biliousness
and to reduce body temperature.
BSI/CDM/162 Garcinia quaesita Pierre H – Goraka Fruits The fruits, which are very acid, are
(Clusiaceae) T - Korakkaipuli used for making fish curries and
also added to brine for fish
preservation.
BSI/CDM/163 Gardenia resinifera Roth E – Brilliant Gardenia Leaves Leaves used in cutaneous diseases
(Rubiaceae) H – Dikamali to keep off flies and worms. Gum
T – Kambi maram collected from this plant is identical
with that of Gardenia gummifera
L.f. and finds the same uses.
BSI/CDM/164 Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. E – Fragrant Leaves Volatile oil of the leaves of the
(Ericaceae) wintergreen plant is identical with oil of
H – Gandapuro Gaultheria procumbens L.
S – Gandhapurna (wintergreen oil). It is stimulant,
carminative, antiseptic, rubefacient,

analgesic, diaphoretic etc.

BSI/CDM/165 Gentiana kurroo Royle E – Indian Gentian Rhizomes & Rhizomes and roots anti-
(Gentianaceae) H – Kutki roots inflammatory, aphrodisiac, tonic
S – Traayamaana and diuretic. Also used for
T – Chirayattu improving appetite and stimulating
U – Goffis gastric secretion. Also used for
fattening the horses, to dissolve
stones in stomach and in diabetes,
renal troubles etc.
BSI/CDM/166 Geranium nepalense Sweet E – Nepal Geranium Aerial parts This plant possesses the astringent
(Geraniaceae) H – Bhanda properties of the genus and is
employed as an astringent and in
certain renal diseases.
BSI/CDM/167 Glycyrrhiza glabra L. E – Liquorice Roots Roots useful in asthma, sore throat,
(Papilionaceae) H – Mulhathi sexual debility, epilepsy, coughs,
S – Yastimadhuh bronchitis, skin disorders, acidity,
T – Athimathuram jaundice etc. Roots useful in falling
U – Asl-us-sus and greying of hairs.
BSI/CDM/168 Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg. H – Rametha Bark & Bark and leaves useful in vesic,
(Thymelaeaceae) leaves swellings and contusions. Also
used as a fish poison.
BSI/CDM/169 Grewia asiatica L. E – Phassa Bark Bark employed in rheumatism,
(Tiliaceae) H – Parusha demulcent and diabetic. Bark yields
S – Parushaka a fibre used locally for making
ropes.
BSI/CDM/170 Grewia serrulata DC. H – Kath bewal Leaves A host plant for lac insect. Leaves
(Tiliaceae) T – Pirunnu are lopped for fodder.
BSI/CDM/171 Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori T – Achchu Stem & Wood used for making walking
(Tiliaceae) fruits sticks. Affords fodder for camels
and goats. Fruits edible.
BSI/CDM/172 Grewia villosa Willd. E – Mallow raisin Fruits Fruits and seeds edible. Seeds
(Tiliaceae) H – Jalidar contains a fatty oil. The drupe is
T – Kullai edible. Roots used in diarrhea,
small-pox and syphilis.
BSI/CDM/173 Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. E – Bastard cedar Fruits Fruits edible and tonic, useful in
(Sterculiaceae) H – Nipaltunth skin diseases, elephantosis,
T – Uthraksham demulcent and sudorific.
BSI/CDM/174 Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) E – Indian Leaves, roots Fresh leaves when chewed have the
Schult. Ipecacuanha remarkable property of paralysing
(Asclepiadaceae) H – Gurmar the sense of taste for sweet and
S – Madhunashni bitter substances for sometime. It is
T – Sirukurinjaan considered as a very good drug for
U – Barkista diabetes.
BSI/CDM/175 Gynocardia odorata R. Br. H – Ganta Seeds Seeds possess insecticidal
(Flacourtiaceae) properties, also useful in skin
ailments. Seed oil used to treat
leprosy and other skin diseases.
BSI/CDM/176 Hardwickia binata Roxb. H – Anjan Leaves Leaves used as cattle fodder and
(Caesalpiniaceae) S – Anjan manure. Fibre is obtained from
T – Aaaccha young branches of this plant.
BSI/CDM/177 Hedera helix L. E – Nepal Ivy Aerial parts Leaves and berries stimulant,
(Araliaceae) H – Lablab diaphoretic and cathartic. Berries
U – Lablab kebir and seeds contain a glycoside
which slows function of the heart,
and may cause even death by
paralysis of respiration.
BSI/CDM/178 Heliotropium indicum L. E – Scorpion weed Aerial parts Decoction of whole plant is
(Boraginaceae) H – Hatta-juri employed in cough, bronchitis,

S – Hati-sunda asthma, rheumatism etc. Paste of

T – Thael kodukku leaves is applied on wounds, sores,
poondu boils, pimples etc.
BSI/CDM/179 Hemidesmus indicus (L.) Sm. E – Indian Roots Roots aromatic, sweet, astringent,
(Periplocaceae) Sarasaparilla blood purifier, refrigerant,
H – Anantamul aphrodisiac, carminative, appetiser,
S – Anantamula tonic etc. It has a very good blood
T – Nannari purifing property.
U – Ashbahe-hindi
BSI/CDM/180 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. E – China rose Roots Roots sweet cum acid in taste. It is
(Malvaceae) H – Jasun demulcent, useful in coughs. Fresh
S – Jaba root juice given for gonorrhoea and
T – Semparuthi powdered root for menorrhagia.
BSI/CDM/181 Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.- E – Ivory tree Bark & fruits Bark and seeds useful in amoebic
Ham.) Wall. ex Don H – Kurchi dysentery, diarrhoea, asthma,
(Apocynaceae) S – Kutaja aphrodisiac, internal haemorrhages,
T – Veppaalai vomiting etc. It is a very good
U – Asafir-ul-nurra antidysenteric and antidiarrhoeal
drug.
BSI/CDM/182 Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) E – Indian elm Bark Decoction of bark and leaves
Planch. H – Kanju employed in dyspepsia, flatulence,
(Ulmaceae) S – Chirabilvah colic, skin disorders, piles,
T – Aavi maram rheumatism etc. It is a very good
medicine for joint disorders.
BSI/CDM/183 Hydnocarpus kurzii (King) H – Chaulmoogra Seeds Oil derived from the seeds
Warb. (kernels) of this plant is used to
(Flacourtiaceae) treat leprosy. Fruits used as fish-
poison, but the fish so killed are not
edible.
BSI/CDM/184 Hydnocarpus laurifolia E – Marothi tree Fruits Seeds yield oil, useful in leprosy,
(Dennst.) Sleumer H – Chalmogara effective in early cases. Seeds
(Flacourtiaceae) S – Tuvarakah useful in chronic skin affections,
T – Maravattai ophthalmia and for dressing
U – Branjmogra wounds.
BSI/CDM/185 Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. H – Brahmi-manduki Leaves Leaves tonic and diuretic, used in
(Apiaceae) cutaneous diseases, indigestion,
nervousness and dysentery. It is
substitute for Centella asiatica L.
BSI/CDM/186 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides H – Khulkhurai Leaves Leaves useful in rheumatism,
Lam. S – Mandukaparani pulmonary, digestive and cutaneous
(Apiaceae) troubles and also used as diuretic
and vermifuge. Leaves applied to
boils to promote suppuration.
BSI/CDM/187 Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) E – Long leaved Aerial parts Leaves useful in rheumatism,
Heine barleria diseases of urogenital tract, arthritis
(Acanthaceae) H – Kuliakhara etc. Seeds useful in gonorrhoea,
S – Ikshugandha promoting sexual vigour and
T – Neermulli strength, arresting abortion etc.
BSI/CDM/188 Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. E – Bush-tea Aerial parts This plant is pounded and applied
(Lamiaceae) H – Gangatulsi to cutaneous diseases. Infusion is
used as a curminative and sudorific
in catarrhal conditions.
BSI/CDM/189 Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) E – Shrubby Roots Roots tonic, demulcent, diaphoretic
Aiton Ichnocarpus and diuretic. Powdered roots useful
(Apocynaceae) H – Kalidudhi in diabetes and stone bladder.
S – Syamalata
T – Manipilaan kodi

BSI/CDM/190 Imperata cylindrica (L.) E – Bedding grass Whole plant Rhizomes tonic, useful in piles,
Raeusch. H – Ulu liver and spleen complaints. Roots
(Poaceae) S – Iksurapathraka emollient.
T – Tharbaippul
U – Halfa
BSI/CDM/191 Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth E – Pharbities Seeds In action, seeds attenuant,
(Convolvulaceae) H – Kaladana anthelmintic, blood purifier,
S – Krishnabija diuretic, drastic purgative and
T – Kakkatran emmenagogue. It is also beneficial
U – Halobund in rheumatism and paralytic
affections.
BSI/CDM/192 Jasminum auriculatum Vahl E – Vine jasmine Aerial parts Leaves chewed in case of
(Oleaceae) H – Juhi stomatitis. Flowers given in
S – Juthika constipation, also used in
T – Kodi malli aromatherapy.
BSI/CDM/193 Jatropha curcas L. E – Purging nut Seeds The oil extracted from the seeds
(Euphorbiaceae) H – Safed arand possesses purgative properties and
S – Dravanti is used externally in rheumatism
T – Vellai and paralytic affections. Bio-diesel
kaattaamani prepared from the seeds.
U – Dandebarri
BSI/CDM/194 Kaempferia galanga L. E – Galanga Rhizomes Rhizomes and leaves aromatic,
(Zingiberaceae) H – Chandramula used as a perfume in hair washes
S – Chandramulika and other cosmetics. Rhizomes
T – Kacholam administered with honey in coughs
and pectoral affections. Rhizomes
also possess insecticidal properties.
BSI/CDM/195 Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. E – Air plant Roots, stems Leaves useful in calculi,
(Crassulaceae) H – Zakhme-hayat & leaves haemorrhoids, menorrhagia, cut
S – Parnabijah wounds, discolouration of the skin,
T – Ranakkalli boils, burns etc.
BSI/CDM/196 Lallemantia royleana (Wall. ex E – Royle lallemantia Seeds This plant is cultivated for its
Benth.) Benth. H – Tukhm-malanga mucilaginous seeds. Seeds valued
(Lamiaceae) for their cooling, sedative and
diuretic properties. A poultice of
the seeds applied to abscesses, boils
and inflammations.
BSI/CDM/197 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) E – Wodier tree Gum Gum exudates of this plant used as
Merr. H – Jhingam a flocculating agent for purification
(Anacardiaceae) T – Uthiyan of cane juice. Also used in sprains
and bruises with coconut milk.
BSI/CDM/198 Lawsonia inermis L. E – Egyptian Privet Leaves Leaves useful in wounds, leprosy,
(Lythraceae) H – Mehandi leucoderma, scabies, boils, falling
S – Medhini of hair, greyness of hair etc. It is
T – Maruthaani widely used in premature graying
U – Hinna of hair. It is also used in
aromatherapy.
BSI/CDM/199 Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex H – Dholsamudra Leaves Leaves eaten as a vegetable. It is
Horn. S – Dholasmudrika used to treat leucorrhoea. Also used
(Leeaceae) to increase the Cow’s milk.
BSI/CDM/200 Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link E – Rough Leucas Aerial parts This herb is having an antipyretic
(Lamiaceae) H – Chota-halkusa property. Juice of the leaves
T – Thumbai applied externally in psoriasis,
chronic skin eruptions and painful
swellings.
BSI/CDM/201 Limonia acidissima L. E – Wood apple Leaves Tree lopped for fodder. Leaves
(Rutaceae) H – Bilin aromatic, carminative and

S – Kapittha astringent, yield an essential oil.

T – Vila Fruits edible, considered tonic,
antiscorbutic and alexipharmic.
BSI/CDM/202 Linum usitatissimum L. E – Linseed Seeds Crushed seeds used to treat
(Linaceae) H – Alsi inflammations, ulcers, boils and
S – Atasi carbuncles. In veterinary practice,
T – Aalivirai the linseed oil is employed as a
U – Katten laxative for horses and cattle.
BSI/CDM/203 Lobelia nicotianaefolia Heyne H – Narasala Roots & This plant is having antiseptic
(Lobeliaceae) S – Devanala leaves properties. Roots used for treating
T – Kattuppugaiyilai scorpion stings.
BSI/CDM/204 Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. E – Ridged gourd Fruits Fruits astringent, demulcent,
(Cucurbitaceae) H – Tori diuretic, tonic and nutritive. Fruits
S – Dhamargavah used as vegetable, useful in calculi,
T – Peerkkangai anorexia, piles, constipation etc.
BSI/CDM/205 Lycopodium clavatum L. E – Common clubmoss Whole plant Herbs diuretic and antiseptic, used
(Lycopodiaceae) H – Bendarli in rheumatism and diseases of
lungs and kidneys. Powder of this
plant is used as a dusting powder
and absorbent in excoriations of
skin.
BSI/CDM/206 Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude H –Angyar Aerial parts Infusion of young leaves and buds
(Ericaceae) & bark useful in cutaneous troubles.
Leaves considered as insecticidal
and poisonous to goats.
BSI/CDM/207 Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) E – Indian butter tree Aerial parts Bark is used to treat inflammations,
Macbr. H – Mahua & bark sprains and pruritus. Flowers useful
(Sapotaceae) S – Madhukah in sexual debility etc. Seed oil is
T – Illuppai useful in dermatopathy,
rheumatism, cephalagia and
haemorrhoids.
BSI/CDM/208 Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) E – Kamala tree Fruits Glandular hairs of the fruits are
Muell.- Arg. H – Kameela acrid, anthelmintic, purgative,
(Euphorbiaceae) S – Kambha digestive, vermifuge etc.
T – Kunnanj cholai
BSI/CDM/209 Malva sylvestris L. H – Gulkhair Fruits This plant is used in pulmonary and
(Malvaceae) U – Khubaji urinary affections, inflammations
and abscesses. Flowers used for
gargles and mouth washes.
BSI/CDM/210 Mangifera indica L. E – Mango tree Bark Roots and bark are astringent,
(Anacardiaceae) H – Aam acrid, refrigerant, styptic,
S – Amrah antisyphilitic and anti-
T – Maamaram inflammatory.
U – Amba
BSI/CDM/211 Manihot esculenta Crantz E – Tapioca Leaves Young leaves of this plant are eaten
(Euphorbiaceae) H – Sakkarkand as vegetable. Tubers of this plant is
S – Darukandah a staple food of the poorer section
T – Aalvallikkizhangu of the population in many tropical
countries.
BSI/CDM/212 Manilkara zapota (L.) Royen E – Naseberry Stem bark Bark contains latex, used as a base
(Sapotaceae) H – Sapota for chewing gum. Bark also
T – Sappottaa contains tannin used by fisherman
for colouring sails. Fruits edible,
sweet to taste.
BSI/CDM/213 Marsilea minuta L. E – Pepper wort Leaves Leaves edible, used to induce sleep.
(Marsileaceae) H – Susni Shak Many of the floras refer this plant
T – Aaraikeerai to Marsilea quadrifolia L., which
occurs only in Kashmir.

BSI/CDM/214 Melia azedarach L. E – Persian Liliac Stem & The stem yields a valuable timber.
(Meliaceae) H – Bakain leaves Leaves used as green manure. The
S – Mahanimba leaves, bark and fruits accredited
T – Malaivembu with insect-repellent properties.
Leaves very much useful in skin
diseases, especially in leprosy.
BSI/CDM/215 Mentha piperita L. E – Peppermint Leaves Herbs aromatic, antiseptic,
(Lamiaceae) H – Piparaminta stimulant, carminative, deodorant,
T – Pudhina anodyne etc. It has a very good
carminative and rubefacient
properties. It is also used in
aromatherapy.
BSI/CDM/216 Mesua ferrea L. E – Iron-wood tree Flowers Flowers useful in asthma,
(Clusiaceae) H – Nageswar hiccough, leprosy, scabies, burning
S – Nagakesara sensation of feet etc. It is a very
T – Naagappu good haemostatic and aphrodisiac
U – Miskuruman drug.
BSI/CDM/217 Michelia champaca L. E – Champak Bark Stem bark useful in chronic
(Magnoliaceae) H – Champa gastritis, strangury, cough,
S – Champaka bronchitis and cardiac debility.
T – Shenbagam
BSI/CDM/218 Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) H – Sarpani Stem Stems and leaves used as a fodder,
B.L. Rob. rich source of Vitamins A, B & C.
(Asteraceae) This plant is used as a remedy for
snakebite and scorpion stings.
BSI/CDM/219 Mimosa intsia L. H – Shiah-kanta Leaves Leaves useful in piles and burns.
(Mimosaceae) T – Kaattu seekkai
BSI/CDM/220 Mimosa pudica L. E – Sensitive plant Aerial parts Leaves useful in hydrocele,
(Mimosaceae) H – Lajjuk haemorrhoids, fistula, scrofula,
S – Lajjari conjunctivitis, cuts wounds and
T – Thottaar sinungi haemorrhages. Seeds useful in
rheumatism, leucorrhoea etc.
BSI/CDM/221 Mimusops elengi L. E – Spanish Cherry Bark Bark is used as a gargle for
(Sapotaceae) H – Mulsari odontopathy and ulemorrhagia.
S – Bakula Bark and fruits used in diarrhea and
T – Magilam dysentery.
BSI/CDM/222 Mirabilis jalapa L. E – Four O’ clock Aerial parts Leaves suppress inflammation.
(Nyctaginaceae) plant Bruised leaves applied to boils and
H – Gulabash abscesses. Juice of leaves applied
S – Krishnakeli to wounds and for allaying itching,
T – Andhi manthaarai swellings etc.
BSI/CDM/223 Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) E – Kaim Aerial parts Tree is lopped for fodder. Bark and
Korth. H – Hayim roots used in colic and as febrifuge.
(Rubiaceae) S – Vitana Bark yields a cordage fibre. Leaves
T – Neer kadambai rich in tannin.
BSI/CDM/224 Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. E – Wire-stem chick Aerial parts Flowers and tender shoots
(Molluginaceae) weed diaphoretic and febrifuge. Roots
H – Gimasag boiled in oil and applied in gout
T – Parpadagam and rheumatism.
BSI/CDM/225 Momordica charantia L. E – Bitter gourd Aerial parts Unripe fruits used as a vegetable. It
(Cucurbitaceae) H – Karella is a very good medicine for
S – Karavellam diabetes and liver disorders.
T – Paaharkaai
BSI/CDM/226 Morinda citrifolia L. E – Indian mulberry Leaves Leaves considered as tonic and
(Rubiaceae) H – Ak febrifuge, applied in wounds. The
S – Aksiba juice of the leaves is externally
T – Nuna applied in gout.
BSI/CDM/227 Morinda pubescens Sm. H – Manjanattai Bark & This plant is known by the same

(Rubiaceae) T – Nuna leaves vernacular names as those of

Morinda citrifolia L. and is put to
similar uses. Leaves used in
diarrhoea and dysentery.
BSI/CDM/228 Moringa oleifera Lam. E – Drum-stick tree Root bark The root of the young tree and root
(Moringaceae) H – Sajina bark are rubefacient and vesicant.
S – Shobhanjana Leaves and fruits used as
T – Murungai vegetables. Leaves rich in Vitamin
U – Sahajna A & C, also used as emetic.
BSI/CDM/229 Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. E – Cowhage Seeds Seeds useful in gonorrhoea,
(Papilionaceae) H – Kounch sterility, general debility, sexual
S – Atmagupta debility, to increase sperm cells etc.
T – Poonaikkaali It is considered as a very good
U – Habulkulai aphrodisiac drug.
BSI/CDM/230 Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack E – Satin wood Root bark & Root bark useful in bodyache.
(Rutaceae) H – Bibzar leaves Leaves used to cure fresh cut
S – Mandala wounds. Leaves and root bark
T – Kara maram sometimes used against
rheumatism, coughs and hysteria.
BSI/CDM/231 Myrica esculenta Buch.- Ham. E – Box-myrtle Root bark Powder or lotion of bark is applied
ex D. Don H – Kaiphal over cut wounds, fistula, sores,
(Myricaceae) S – Kayaphala tumours etc. It has very good
T – Marudam pattai antiseptic and astringent properties.
U – Audul
BSI/CDM/232 Myristica fragrans Houtt. E – Nutmeg Seeds Seeds known as nutmeg and their
(Myristicaceae) H – Jaiphal arils are mace. Seeds very good sex
S – Jatiphalah tonic. Nutmeg oil is useful in
T – Jaathikkaai inflammation, swelling and
U – Joujboa rheumatism.
BSI/CDM/233 Myristica malabarica Lam. E – False nutmeg Arils The aril of the seeds is astringent,
(Myristicaceae) H – Van jayphal aphrodisiac, febrifuge and
S – Vanyajati expectorant. Seed-oil is considered
T – Kaattu as a very good sex tonic.
jaadhikkaai
BSI/CDM/234 Myrtus communis L. E – Common Myrtle Leaves Leaves useful in colds, coughs,
(Myrtaceae) H – Vilayati Mehndi bronchitis, rheumatism, cystitis,
T – Kulinaval headache, diarrhoea, dysentery,
U – Habulas anorexia etc.
BSI/CDM/235 Nardostachys jatamansi E – Indian Spikenard Roots Roots stimulant, used in epilepsy,
(D. Don) DC. H – Balchhar hysteria etc. It is a very good
(Valerianaceae) S – Jatamansi intellect-promoting and nervine
T – Jataamaasi tonic. It is a very good medicine for
U – Sumbul-i-hind mental disorders. Essential oil is
used in aromatherapy.
BSI/CDM/236 Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) E – Kadam Bark Bark tonic and febrifuge. Flowers
Bosser H – Kadamba yield an essential oil. Receptacle of
(Rubiaceae) S – Kadamba flowers edible.
T – Vellai-cadamba
BSI/CDM/237 Nepenthes khasiana Hook.f. E – Pitcher plant Pitcher The fluid of the unopened pitcher is
(Nepenthaceae) Khasis – Tiew-rakot used by locals to cure cataract and
Garo – Memang koksi night blindness, stomach troubles
and diabetes. The unopened pitcher
with its contents is made into paste
and are used to treat various skin
diseases including leprosy.
BSI/CDM/238 Nephelium lit-chi Cambess. E – Litchi Leaves Leaves used as a remedy for the
(Sapindaceae) H – Lichi bites of animals. Seeds used in
T – Ilichi intestinal troubles, as anodyne and

U – Lichur also prescribed in neuralgic

disorders.
BSI/CDM/239 Nicandra physalodes (L.) E – Shoo-fly Leaves & This plant is reported to possess
Gaertn. H – Ran-popati fruits diuretic, anthelmintic and
(Solanaceae) insecticidal properties. A decoction
of the leaves is used for killing
head lice.
BSI/CDM/240 Nicotiana tabacum L. E – Tobacco Leaves It is a narcotic drug. Due to its
(Solanaceae) H – Tamaku active principle nicotine, it is used
S – Tamakhu as a mental stimulator. Taking
T – Pugaiyilai tobacco in any form is injurious to
health. Excessive intake of tobacco
for a long time may cause cancer.
BSI/CDM/241 Nigella sativa L E – Black cumin Seeds Seeds stimulant, emmenagogue,
(Ranunculaceae). H – Kala-jira galactagogue, and carminative. It is
S – Krishna-jiraka widely used after delivery for
T – Karum siragam purification of uterus and to
U – Habba sooda increase breast milk.
BSI/CDM/242 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. E – Coral Jasmine Leaves Leaves considered as an herbal
(Nyctanthaceae) H – Harsinghar aspirin due to the presence of
S – Parijatah methyl salicylate.
T – Pavazha malligai
BSI/CDM/243 Ocimum americanum L. E – Hoary basil Seeds Seeds mucilaginous, diuretic and
(Lamiaceae) H – Vantulsi tonic. Seeds have very good
S – Vanabarbarika cooling property, much useful in
T – Kaattu thulasi uro-genital disorders.
BSI/CDM/244 Ocimum basilicum L. E – Sweet basil Aerial parts Leaves a very good mosquito
(Lamiaceae) H – Ram-tulasi repellent. Seeds useful in seminal
S – Varvara weakness, diarrhoea, chronic
T – Karpura thulasi dysentery, general debility etc.
U – Rehan
BSI/CDM/245 Ocimum gratissimum L. E – Shrubby basil Aerial parts Leaf powder and juice is given in
(Lamiaceae) H – Bantulsi rheumatism, stomatitis, paralysis,
S – Vanabarbarika sexual weakness, cough, bronchitis,
T – Elumichchan fever etc. Seeds given in headache
thulasi and neuralgia.
BSI/CDM/246 Ocimum kilimandscharicum E – Camphor basil Aerial parts This plant possesses insecticidal
Gurke H – Kapur tulsi and mosquito repellent properties.
(Lamiaceae) S – Karpur tulsi The leaves and flowers yield
camphor and camphor oil used in
cosmetics and medicines.
BSI/CDM/247 Ocimum tenuiflorum L. E – Sacred basil Aerial parts Considered as a sacred plant for the
(Lamiaceae) H – Kala-tulasi Hindus, mostly cultivated at home
S – Tulasi as pot-herb. It has a very good
T – Thulasi mosquito repellent, carminative and
U – Alsi-badruj expectorant properties. Seeds are
useful in urinary disorders.
BSI/CDM/248 Ophiorrhiza mungos L. E – Mongoose plant Roots & Roots bitter and tonic, used as a
(Rubiaceae) H – Sarahati aerial parts remedy against the bites of
S – Naga suganda venomous snakes, mad dogs etc.
T – Kiripurandam Bark stomachic; leaves potent
antiseptic, used for dressing
wounds.
BSI/CDM/249 Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) E – Prickly pear Aerial parts Fruits edible. Baked fruit used in
Haw. H – Nagphana whooping cough, their syrup
(Cactaceae) T – Sappaaththi kalli increases the flow of bile and
controls spasmodic cough and
expectoration.

BSI/CDM/250 Osbeckia crinita Benth. H – Chulasi Aerial parts Dried leaves useful in tooth-ache.
(Melastomataceae) Decoction of root used as a
stomachic.
BSI/CDM/251 Oxalis corniculata L. E – Yellow oxalis Aerial parts Leaves used as a vegetable. It has a
(Oxalidaceae) H – Ambuti very good stomachic and
S – Churika carminative properties. Leaves
T – Puliari keeri also used as refrigerant, stomachic
U – Hemd and antiscorbutic.
BSI/CDM/252 Pachygone ovata (Poir.) Hook.f. T – Kaattukkodi Aerial parts Dried fruits used as a vermicide
& Thoms. & fruits and fish poison.
(Menispermaceae)
BSI/CDM/253 Paederia foetida L. H – Gandheli Aerial parts Decoction of the leaves useful in
(Rubiaceae) S – Prasarani treating urinary lithiasis,
T – Penarisangaii rheumatism, gastritis and enteritis.
BSI/CDM/254 Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. E – Himalayan ginseng Rhizome Ginseng is popularly known as
(Araliaceae) H – Jinseng elixir of life. It is a popular
rejuvenating, revitalizing and sex
tonic. Useful in stomach and gastric
troubles. Also used to keep blood
pressure normal.
BSI/CDM/255 Papaver somniferum L. E – Opium poppy Seeds & It is a narcotic plant. Opium
(Papaveraceae) H – Afim fruits obatined from the fruits is having
S – Ahiphenam aphrodisiac, sedative, narcotic,
T – Kasakasa antispasmodic properties etc. Seeds
U – Afiyn are the best drug to relieve pain, but
to be used only under medical
supervision.
BSI/CDM/256 Pedalium murex L. E – Big caltrap Leaves This plant is having astringent,
(Pedaliaceae) H – Bada gokhru cooling, mucilaginous, diuretic,
S – Goksura aphrodisiac, antispasmodic,
T – Yaanai-nerinji emmenagogue, carminative, tonic
U – Khussuke-kabir and rejuvenating properties.
BSI/CDM/257 Peganum harmala L. E – Wild rue Seeds Seeds employed in asthma,
(Zygophyllaceae) H – Harmal hysteria, general debility, sexual
S – Isband debility, parkinsonism,
T – Simai-yalavinai rheumatism, jaundice, to increase
U – Harmel breast milk etc. It is a toxic plant.
BSI/CDM/258 Peltophorum pterocarpum E – Yellow flamboyant Leaves & Bark, wood and leaves contain
(DC.) Backer ex K. Heyne T – Perun-gondrai fruits tannin. Leaves rich in protein
(Caesalpiniaceae) (55%), used as a cattle feed.
BSI/CDM/259 Phoenix dactylifera L. E – Date palm Fruits Fruits useful in nephropathy,

(Arecaceae) H – Khajur pectoral diseases, rheumatism,
S – Kharjuri sexual debility, bronchitis, cough,
T – Paericchai burning sensation and gastropathy.
U – Tamr Excessive intake of fruits may
cause indigestion, flatulence etc.
BSI/CDM/260 Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & E – Seed-under-leaf Whole plant This plant is useful in gastropathy,
Thonn. H – Jar-amla jaundice, liver disorders, diseases
(Euphorbiaceae) S – Bhumu-amalaki of the urino-genital systems etc. It
T – Keezhaa nelli is a very good medicine for liver
disorders particularly Jaundice.
BSI/CDM/261 Phyllanthus emblica L. E – Indian gooseberry Fruits Fruits edible, sour, astringent,
(Euphorbiaceae) H – Amla cooling and diuretic. Rich in
S – Dhatri vitamin C. Fruits useful in
T – Thoppu-nelli diabetics, cough, asthma,
U – Amluj bronchitis, peptic ulcer, leprosy,
anaemia, jaundice, cardiac

disorders, greyness of hairs etc.

BSI/CDM/262 Physalis minima L. E – Wild gooseberry Aerial parts This plant is bitter, sweet, cooling,
(Solanaceae) H – Tulati pati diruetic, laxative, expectorant,
S – Mridukunchika appetising and tonic. It is a good
T – Sodakku thakkaali medicine for blood disorders.
BSI/CDM/263 Physalis peruviana L. E – Cape gooseberry Aerial parts Juice of leaves given in worms and
(Solanaceae) H – Tipari bowel complients. Leaves also
S – Tiparaiya useful in abdominal disorders
T – Perungunni particularly during pregnancy.
Fruits edible.
BSI/CDM/264 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex E – Picroriza Rhizomes Rhizomes useful in burning
Benth. H – Kutki sensation, constipation, leprosy,
(Scrophulariaceae) S – Katuka skin diseases, cardiac diseases,
T – Katugu-rohini asthma, bronchitis, diabetes,
U – Kharov-ke-hindi jaundice, general debility etc. It is a
very good liver tonic.
BSI/CDM/265 Pinus insularis Endl. E – Khasi Pine Bark Bark a source of oleoresin
(Pinaceae) H – Saral (Turpentine), superior to the one
isolated from Pinus roxburghii.
Bark also contains tannin.
BSI/CDM/266 Piper betle L. E – Betel wine Leaves Betel leaves have strong aromatic
(Piperaceae) H – Pan flavour used as a masticatory with
S – Tambul areca nuts. Useful in leprosy,
T – Vetrilai impotency, rheumatism, dyspepsia
U – Tambul etc.
BSI/CDM/267 Piper longum L. E – Long pepper Fruits Fruits (dried spikes) much useful in
(Piperaceae) H – Pipli rheumatism, sexual debility,
S – Pippali asthma, bronchitis, hiccough etc. It
T – Thippili is very much useful in
U – Dar-filfil tuberculosis, anaemia and anorexia.
BSI/CDM/268 Pistacia khinjuk Stocks E – Gall plant Galls The insect galls formed from leaves
(Pistaciaceae) H – Kakra and petioles of this plant are useful
S – Kakrasinghi in cough, hiccough, bronchitis,
T – Kakkasta-shingi asthma and other diseases and
disorders of respiratory tract.
BSI/CDM/269 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) E – Manila tamarind Bark Decoction of bark is employed in
Benth. H – Vilaiti imli fever and diarrhoea. Paste of leaves
(Mimosaceae) S – Dakhanibabul applied on blunt injury and boils.
T – Kodukkaappuli Aril of fruit (pod) is edible.
BSI/CDM/270 Plantago ovata Forsk. E – Blond psyllium Seeds Seeds mucilaginous, used to cure
(Plantaginaceae) H – Isabgol inflammation. It is a very good
S – Sheeta bija mild laxative and is useful in both
T – Ishapukol constipation and diarrhoea.
U – Buzkatuna
BSI/CDM/271 Plumbago zeylanica L. E – Ceylon leadwort Roots Roots used to treat dyspepsia,
(Plumbaginaceae) H – Chitrak leprosy, muscular pain, skin
S – Chitraka disorders, veterinary and skin
T – Cithiramoolam diseases. Also used as abortifacient,
U – Shituruj antifertility etc.
BSI/CDM/272 Podophyllum hexandrum Royle E – Indian May apple Rhizomes Rhizomes useful in low doses in
(Podophyllaceae) H – Paapra constipation, jaundice, fevers, liver
S – Giriparpata disorders, skin diseases, cancer,
urticaria, piles etc.
BSI/CDM/273 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) E – Mast tree Bark Bark is useful in skin diseases,
Thw. H – Debdari diabetes, hypertension, bleeding
(Annonaceae) S – Ulkatah piles etc. Bark is considered as a
T – Nettilingam very good medicine for menstrual
problems.

BSI/CDM/274 Polygala chinensis L. E – Chinese milkwort Roots & Roots stimulant and expectorant.
(Polygalaceae) H – Meradu leaves Decoction of the leaves is useful in
S – Meradu inflammatory conditions.
BSI/CDM/275 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre E – Indian beech Bark & seeds Fresh bark used in bleeding piles.
(Papilionaceae) H – Karanj Seeds and seed oil used as an
S – Karanja external application for skin
T – Pungam diseases such as herpes, scabies,
U – Akte-makah leprosy etc.
BSI/CDM/276 Potentilla mooniana Wight. H – Masi Whole plant Roots chewed with betel leaves as a
(Rosaceae) stimulant. It act as antiseptic in
nature.
BSI/CDM/277 Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. E – Mesquite Leaves & Foliage used as fodder. Spongy
(Mimosaceae) H – Vilayati kikkar fruits walls of ripe pods (fruits) are
T – Vaelikkaruvai highly nutritive food.
BSI/CDM/278 Psidium guajava L. E – Guava Bark & Leaves useful in wounds, diabetics,
(Myrtaceae) H – Amrud leaves stomatitis, epilepsy, odontalgia etc.
S – Mansala Bark used for tanning. Decoction of
T – Koyyaa bark given in diarrhoea. Fruits
U – Amrud edible, rich in Vitamin C.
BSI/CDM/279 Psoralea corylifolia L. E – Purple fleabane Seeds Seeds and seed oil useful in
(Papilionaceae) H – Bakuchi leucoderma, scabies, leprosy,
S – Vakuchi dermatitis, ringworm, elephantiasis
T – Karpooragam etc. Seed oil is thermogenic, may
be mixed with coconut oil before
use.
BSI/CDM/280 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. E – Indian kino tree Wood & Bark and heartwood are useful in
(Papilionaceae) H – Bijasal bark elephantiasis, leucorrhoea,
S – Asana inflammations, fractures, bruises,
T – Vaengai leprosy, diabetes, sexual debility,
asthma, greyness of hair. It is a
very good medicine for diabetes.
BSI/CDM/281 Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. E – Red Sandalwood Heartwood, Paste prepared from heartwood of
(Papilionaceae) H – Lal chandan bark & fruits this plant is applied on pimples,
S – Raktachandana boils, wounds, burns, black spots,
T – Sikappu skin diseases etc. It is much useful
santhanam in bleeding disorders like
haemorrhages, bleeding piles etc.
Fruits astringent and tonic.
BSI/CDM/282 Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) E – Maple-leaved Flowers Flowers edible, used to treat
Willd. bayur conditions like blood in urine,
(Sterculiaceae) H – Kanak champa dehydration, feeling hot in
S – Karnikara stomach, ulcers, leprosy etc.
BSI/CDM/283 Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. E – Indian Kudzu Tuberous Tuberous roots edible. The
(Papilionaceae) H – Vidari kand roots powdered root used to treat peptic
S – Bidhari kand ulcers, general debility, biliousness,
sexual debility and also to increase
breast-size, breast’s milk and sperm
count. It is a very good drug for
sexual disorders.
BSI/CDM/284 Punica granatum L. E – Pomegranate Stems bark Roots and stem bark useful in
(Punicaceae) H – Anar & leaves bleeding piles, to increase breast-
S – Madura size, strengthening the gums etc.
T – Maadhulai Leaves applied in eyes during
U – Ruman conjunctivitis and to check
abortion.
BSI/CDM/285 Rauvolfia micrantha Hook. f. E – Malabar Rauvolfia Roots Roots used as an adulterant of
(Apocynaceae) H – Malabari Sarp Rauvolfia serpentina roots.

BSI/CDM/286 Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) E – Indian snake root Roots & Roots useful in depression, uterine
Benth. ex Kurz H – Chota-chand whole plant contractions, insomnia,
(Apocynaceae) S – Sarpagandha hypertension, epilepsy etc. It is a
T – Sarpagaanthi very good drug for mental
disorders. It is highly reputed for
hypertension. Leaves used as a
remedy for the removal of opacities
of the cornea.
BSI/CDM/287 Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. E – Four-leaf devil Roots & Roots and leaves hypotensive and
(Apocynaceae) pepper leaves sedative; substitute for roots of
H – Barachandrika Rauvolfia serpentina.
T – Paampu
kaalaachchedi
BSI/CDM/288 Renanthera imschootiana Rolfe E – Red Vanda Flowers Highly valued in horticultural trade
(Orchidaceae) due to its beautiful ornamental
flowers.
BSI/CDM/289 Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meissn. E – Indian rhubarb Roots Roots employed in constipation,
(Polygonaceae) H – Revand chini acidity, liver disorders, epilepsy,
S – Revat-chini bleeding piles, chronic dysentery,
T – Nattu-ireval jaundice, asthma etc.
chinni
BSI/CDM/290 Rhododendron anthopogon D. H – Nichni Stems & Leaves aromatic and stimulant,
Don leaves useful in cold, cough and
(Ericaceae) bronchitis.
BSI/CDM/291 Rhododendron arboretum Sm. E – Tree Leaves Leaves applied over forehead to get
(Ericaceae) Rhododendron rid of headache. Leaves also used
H – Burans in dysentery, rheumatism, wounds
S – Buras etc.
BSI/CDM/292 Rhododendron lepidotum Wall. H – Talisfur Stems & Leaves stimulant, yield a volatile
ex G. Don leaves oil, used in perfumes and incenses.
(Ericaceae)
BSI/CDM/293 Ricinus communis L. E – Castor-oil plant Seeds Seeds used to treat dyspepsia and
(Euphorbiaceae) H – Rendi arthralgia. Seed oil is a very
S – Eranda effective purgative. Oil also
T – Aamanakku massaged on cracked soles and lips.
U – Khirbaia
BSI/CDM/294 Rosa damascena Mill. E – Damask rose Flowers & Flowers and fruits useful in brain,
(Rosaceae) H – Gulab fruits eye and heart troubles, and in
S – Satapatri constipation, diarrhoea, impotency,
T – Roja burning of body due to high
U – Warde ahmar temperature etc.
BSI/CDM/295 Rubia cordifolia L. E – Indian Madder Stems & Stem antidysentric, antipyretic,
(Rubiaceae) H – Manjit leaves analgesic and anthelmintic. Leaves
S – Manjishta useful in snakebite and scorpion
T – Manjitti sting. It is a very good drug for skin
U – Fuvvah diseases.
BSI/CDM/296 Ruellia tuberosa L. E – Meadow-weed Whole plant Paste of leaves applied on skin
(Acanthaceae) T – Tapas kaaya diseases, wounds, boils etc. Seeds
employed in sexual debility,
spermatorrhoea, leucorrhoea etc.
BSI/CDM/297 Santalum album L. E – Sandalwood Wood & Heartwood widely used for making
(Santalaceae) H – Safed-Chandan leaves various cosmetic items. Paste of
S – Chandana sandalwood powder used for
T – Santhanam prickly heat, applied on forehead in
U – Sandal-abiaz headache. It is also used in
aromatherapy.
BSI/CDM/298 Sapindus trifoliatus L. E – Soap nut tree Fruits Fruits used to treat asthma,
(Sapindaceae) H – Ritha verminosis, bronchitis, cough,

S – Phenila constipation, food poisoning,

T – Poovankottai itches etc. It is widely used as soap
to remove dandruff etc.
BSI/CDM/299 Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. E – Chinese tallow- Bark & Leaves yield a black dye and also
(Euphorbiaceae) tree leaves used for rearing silkworms. The
H – Vilayati shisham acrid juice of leaves is a powerful
S – Toyapippali vesicant.
BSI/CDM/300 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde E – Asoka tree Bark Bark is useful in diabetics, skin
(Caesalpiniaceae) H –Asok disorders, burning sensation,
S – Asoka menorrhagia, leucorrhoea etc. It is
T – Asogam a very good drug for various
U – Ashoka post gynecological problems.
BSI/CDM/301 Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. E – Costus root Roots Roots useful in chronic and foul
(Asteraceae) H – kuth ulcers, skin diseases, rheumatism,
S – Kushta jaundice, asthma, leprosy,
T – Costum ringworm, hysteria, sexual debility
U – Kuste-hindi etc. It is a very good drug for skin
diseases.
BSI/CDM/302 Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. E – Needle wood Bark Bark rubefacient and anthelmintic,
(Theaceae) H – Makusal used in suitable doses to expel
S – Makrisal tapeworm from the intestines.
BSI/CDM/303 Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken E – Lac tree Bark Bark useful in rheumatism,
(Sapindaceae) H – Kusum leucorrhoea, leprosy and to remove
S – Koshamra dandruff, pruritus etc. It is very
T – Puvathipuvam good drug for skin diseases.
BSI/CDM/304 Schoenoplectus articulatus (L.) T – Poppan goraippul Fruits Fruits used in medicine as
Palla purgative. Also used as one of the
(Cyperaceae) ingredients of Pot Pourri.
BSI/CDM/305 Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) H – Hartho Aerial parts Leaves and berries edible. Juice or
Muell.-Arg. T – Madhuppulaanthi paste of the leaves used along with
(Euphorbiaceae) tobacco to destroy worms in the
sores. Stem bark contains tannin,
employed as a fish-poison.
BSI/CDM/306 Selinum vaginatum C.B. Clarke H – Pushwari Roots Roots yield an essential oil having
(Apiaceae) hypotensive, sedative and analgesic
properties, also used as nervine
tonic.
BSI/CDM/307 Semecarpus anacardium L.f. E – Marking nut tree Fruits Fruits useful in beriberi, asthma,
(Anacardiaceae) H – Bhilawa constipation, leprosy, scaly skin
S – Bhallatakah eruptions, diabetics, general
T – Senkottai debility, sexual debility, paralysis,
U – Hab-el-kalb rheumatism etc.
BSI/CDM/308 Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. E – Swamp pea Bark Juice of the bark is good for
(Papilionaceae) H – Agasti dyspepsia, diarrhoea and gastralgia.
S – Agati It is very much useful in night
T – Agaththi blindness. An infusion is given in
small-pox.
BSI/CDM/309 Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. E – Egyptian Bark & Bark used to check excessive
(Papilionaceae) rattlepod leaves menstrual flow and diarrhoea.
H – Jainti Leaves anthelmintic, absorbs
S – Jayanti hydrocele when applied as poultice.
T – Karung chempai
BSI/CDM/310 Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Bross. E – Country-mallow Stem Stem used to treat burning
(Malvaceae) H – Bananiyar sensation in micturition (discharge
S – Bhumibala of urine) and diarrhoea during
T – Palampasi pregnancy.

BSI/CDM/311 Sida rhombifolia L. E – Paddy’s lucerne Roots & Roots, leaves and seeds bitter,
(Malvaceae) H – Mahabala aerial parts tonic, diuretic, demulcent,
S – Kotikan-bewila aphrodisiac, expectorant etc. It is a
T – Chiththamutti very good drug for asthma and
sexual disorders.
BSI/CDM/312 Sisymbrium irio L. E – London rocket Seeds In action, seeds diaphoretic,
(Brassicaceae) H – Khubkalan expectorant, fattening, stimulant
U – Khubb etc. Useful in asthma, skin diseases,
measles and general debility.
BSI/CDM/313 Smilax china L. E – China root Roots Roots useful in leprosy,
(Smilacaceae) H – Chob-chini rheumatism, paralysis, epilepsy,
S – Chob-chini psoriasis, seminal weakness,
T – Parankicekkai general debility, tuberculosis etc.
U – Aslal-zaini
BSI/CDM/314 Smilax perfoliata Lour. H – Ramdataun Roots Powdered roots taken with goat
(Smilacaceae) milk to cure white vaginal
discharges and blood in urine
respectively.
BSI/CDM/315 Smilax zeylanica L. H – Chobchini Stems Stem is used treat dysentery. Roots
(Smilacaceae) T – Malaittamarai used to treat venereal and skin
diseases; decoction given for sores,
swellings and abscesses. Leaves
consumed as vegetable.
BSI/CDM/316 Smithia conferta Sm. T – Elakanni Whole plant Herbs laxative and tonic, used in
(Papilionaceae) biliousness, rheumatism and to cure
sterility. Leaves used as a
vegetable.
BSI/CDM/317 Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. E – White horse- Fruits Fruits and leaves contain
(Solanaceae) nettle solasodine, a steroidal alkaloid.
BSI/CDM/318 Solanum erianthum D. Don E – Potato tree Leaves & Leaves diuretic, used externally to
(Solanaceae) S – Vidari fruits treat inflammation and burns, also
T – Aanai sundaikaai to treat fever. Fruits edible, kills
U – Jaleed worms in stomach.
BSI/CDM/319 Solanum ferox L. E – Large egg plant Leaves & Leaf used in stomach diseases.
(Solanaceae) H – Barikateri fruits Fruits edible, purifies blood; fruit
S – Chaksu juice curdles milk.
T – Popparamatt
U – Kataikatan
BSI/CDM/320 Solanum incanum L. E – Sodom apple Leaves Plant used in toothache and sore
(Solanaceae) H – Jangli bhanta throat, decoction given in chest
U – Mazg troubles.
BSI/CDM/321 Solanum melongena L. E – Brinjal Leaves Leaves sialagogue, narcotic and
(Solanaceae) H – Baingan antiherpetic. Fruits are consumed
S – Varttaki as vegetables.
T – Kaththiri
U – Badangan
BSI/CDM/322 Solanum nigrum L. E – Black night-shade Roots, fruits Root very much useful in oedema
(Solanaceae) H – Makoi & seeds and joint diseases. Fruits antiseptic
S – Kachmach and antidysentric. Seeds
T – Manaththakkaali aphrodisiac and diuretic.
U – Ambussalap
BSI/CDM/323 Solanum torvum Sw. E – Turkey-berry Fruits Fruits eaten as a vegetable and said
(Solanaceae) H – Titbaigun to be good for enlargement of the
T – Sundai spleen.
BSI/CDM/324 Solanum trilobatum L. S – Alarka Stem & Leaves cooked and eaten as a
(Solanaceae) T – Thuudhuvalai leaves vegetable. Berries and flowers used
for cough.

BSI/CDM/325 Solanum virginianum L. E – Yellow-berried Leaves & Leaves useful in rheumatism and
(Solanaceae) nightshade fruits pain. Fruit juice gives relief from
H – Kateri ear pain. It is very good medicine
S – Kantakari for asthma.
BSI/CDM/326 Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. E – Indian redwood Bark Bark astringent and antipyretic,
Juss. H – Rohan antiperiodic, appetiser, blood
(Meliaceae) S – Rohini purifier etc. Decoction of bark used
T – Somi maram in tongue sores, fixing loose teeth,
gum infection and ulcer in stomach.
BSI/CDM/327 Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz E – Wild mango Bark Bark astringent, refrigerant, used in
(Anacardiaceae) H – Jangli aam diarrhea, dysentery and
T – Kaattu maangai rheumatism. Bark is also used for
tanning.
BSI/CDM/328 Stephania japonica (Thunb.) E – Tape-vine Root & Roots used in diarrhoea, dyspepsia
Miers H – Nimukha aerial parts and urinary diseases. Aerial parts
(Menispermaceae) S – Vanatiktika astringent and febrifuge, useful in
T – Molagaranai kodi urinary diseases.
BSI/CDM/329 Streblus asper Lour. E – Siamese rough Bark Bark employed in diarrhoea,
(Moraceae) bush dysentery, serophula, elephantiasis,
H – Siora piles, swellings, leucorrhoea etc.
S – Sakhotak Twigs used as herbal tooth brush.
T – Puraa maram
BSI/CDM/330 Strychnos nux-vomica L. E – Nux-vomica Root bark, It is a very poisonous plant. Stem
(Strychnaceae) H – Kucchla stem bark & bark useful in stomach pain. Seeds
S – Vishamushti seeds bitter, acrid, aphrodisiac, appetiser,
T – Yetti emmenogogue, purgative etc.
U – Azaraki
BSI/CDM/331 Strychnos potatorum L.f. E – Clearing-nut tree Seeds Seeds astringent, alterative,
(Strychnaceae) H – Nirmali refrigerant, diuretic, appetizer,
S – Kataka aphrodisiac, tonic, water purifier
T – Thettham kottai etc. Seeds used to purify foul and
muddy water.
BSI/CDM/332 Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) Karst. E – Chiretta Whole plant This plant is useful in all types of
(Gentianaceae) H – Chiraita chronic and intermittent fevers,
S – Nepalanimba diabetes, hiccough, bronchitis,
T – Cirattakucci asthma, jaundice, biliousness, liver
U – Kasbuzarira disorders, skin diseases, leprosy,
thinness etc.
BSI/CDM/333 Symplocos racemosa Roxb. E – Lodh tree Bark Bark useful in leucoderma, leprosy,
(Symplocaceae) H – Lodhra asthma, bronchitis, toothache,
S – Lodhra bleeding piles, miscarriage, vaginal
T – Lodhram ulcers etc. It is a very good drug for
menstrual problems.
BSI/CDM/334 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels E – Java plum Stem bark Bark useful in spleen disorders,
(Myrtaceae) H – Jamun janundice, anaemia, diabetes,
S – Jambu leucorrhoea, menorrhagia,
T – Naaval stomatitis etc. It is very good drug
for anaemia and diabetes.
BSI/CDM/335 Tamarindus indica L. E – Tamarind Bark & Bark astringent and stomachic,
(Caesalpiniaceae) H – Imli leaves useful in diarrhoea, asthma,
S – Chincha amenorrhoea and gingivitis. Leaves
T – Puli useful in scabies, tumours,
U – Tamrehindi ringworm, boils, smallpox and
conjunctives.
BSI/CDM/336 Taxus wallichiana Zucc. E – Himalayan yew Leaves Leaves popularly known as
(Taxaceae) H – Thuner Talispatra in trade, credited with
emmenagogue and antispasmodic
properties. Leaves also used in

hysteria, epilepsy, nervousness,

asthma and bronchitis. Taxol
obtained from this plant is used to
cure uterine and breast cancers.
BSI/CDM/337 Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth E – Indian laurel Bark Bark styptic and cardiotonic, useful
(Combretaceae) H – Asan in foul ulcers, diarrhoea, anaemia
S – Asan and wounds.
T – Karramarda
BSI/CDM/338 Terminalia arjuna (DC.) Wight E – Arjuna myrobalan Bark Bark useful in bleeding piles,
& Arn. H – Arjun leprosy, sexual debility, diabetes,
(Combretaceae) S – Arjunah anaemia, asthma, bronchitis,
T – Vella maruthu cirrhosis of the liver, hypertension,
U – Arjun post etc. It is much useful in heart
problems.
BSI/CDM/339 Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) E – Belliric Myrobalan Fruits Fruits useful in sore throat,
Roxb. H – Bahera diabetes, asthma, indigestion,
(Combretaceae) S – Vibhitaka tonsilitis, bronchitis, insomnia,
T – Thaandikkaai leprosy, general debility etc. Oil
U – Balilaj obtained from the seeds is useful in
skin diseases, leucoderma, greyness
of hair and to prevent hair fall.
BSI/CDM/340 Terminalia catappa L. E – Indian Almond Bark & fruits Decoction of bark and leaves given
(Combretaceae) H – Deshi Badam in leucorrhoea, diarrhoea &
S – Grahadruma diabetes. Seeds (kernel) edible,
T – Naattu vaadham used as a substitute for true
U – Bedam almond.
BSI/CDM/341 Terminalia chebula Retz. E – Chebulic Fruits Fruits useful in rheumatism, sore
(Combretaceae) myrobalan throat, constipation, gas, piles,
H – Hara anaemia, elephantiasis, hydrocele,
S – Haritaki leprosy, cardiac disorders etc. It is a
T – Kadukkaai very good carminative and laxative
U – Aleluj-aswad drug.
BSI/CDM/342 Thalictrum foliolosum DC. H – Pilazari Roots Roots valued in opthalmia. Also
(Ranunculaceae) S – Gurbiani used as diuretic, purgative and
bitter tonic.
BSI/CDM/343 Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex E – Portia tree Leaves & The crushed fruit used to treat
Corr. H – Paras-pipal fruits urinary tract problems and
(Malvaceae) S – Gardha-bhanda abdominal swellings. Fruits given
T – Puvarasu to women along with cumin and
sugar candy to get progeny.
BSI/CDM/344 Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) E – Yellow oleander Leaves & Leaves emetic, purgative and
Merr. H – Pila-kaner fruits antiseptic. Seeds and latex are
(Apocynaceae) S – Divyapushpa drastic cathartic and poisonous,
T – Ponnarali internal use to be avoided.
BSI/CDM/345 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) E – Tinospora Stems Stem used as blood purifier,
Hk.f. & Thoms. H – Guduchi antiperiodic, carminative, appetiser,
(Menispermaceae) S – Gulancha cardiotonic, aphrodisiac,
T – Sindil rejuvenating etc. It is useful in liver
U – Gulanch disorders.
BSI/CDM/346 Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. E – Lopez root Roots Root bark tonic, stimulating,
(Rutaceae) H – Jangli-kalimirch carminative, diaphoretic, stomachic
S – Kanchano and antipyretic. It is a potent
T – Kaattumilag antimalarial drug.
BSI/CDM/347 Trachyspermum ammi (L.) E – Carum Seeds In action, seeds antispasmodic,
Sprague H – Ajowan antiseptic, carminative, diuretic,
(Apiaceae) S – Ajmoda stimulant, stomachic and tonic.
T – Omum Useful in acidity, bowl disorders,
U – Cunul muluki colic, flatulence, indigestion etc.

BSI/CDM/348 Tragia involucrata L. E – Indian stinging- Roots Root useful in pruritic skin
(Euphorbiaceae) nettle conditions, piles, diabetes, skin
H – Kanchori eruptions, veneral diseases etc. One
S – Dhusparsha should not touch the plant because
T – Poonai-kaththari it causes irritation and itches.
BSI/CDM/349 Trianthema portulacastrum L. E – Horse purslane Stems Leaves used as vegetable. Juice of
(Aizoaceae) H – Svet-sa-buni the whole plant used to treat
S – Shveta-punarnava asthma, strangury, amenorrhoea,
T – Shaaranaj dropsy, oedema, rheumatism,
worms etc. It has very good
diuretic property.
BSI/CDM/350 Tribulus terrestris L. E – Devil’s thorn Fruits Roots and fruits useful in
(Zygophyllaceae) H – Gokhru rheumatism, piles, renal and vesical
S – Ikshugandha calculi, menorrhagia, impotency,
T – Nerunji premature ejaculation, general
U – Hasak weakness etc. It is a very good
diuretic and tonic drug.
BSI/CDM/351 Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. E – Pointed Gourd Leaves Leaves cholagogue and laxative.
(Cucurbitaceae) H – Parwal Leaves and unripe fruits eaten as
S – Putulika vegetable.
T – Kombu-pudalai
BSI/CDM/352 Trigonella corniculata (L.) L. H – Kasturi methi Seeds This plant is cultivated as a pot-
(Papilionaceae) S – Malya herb and is reported to be as good
as Spinach. Fruits bitter, astringent
and styptic.
BSI/CDM/353 Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) E – Emetic Leaves Leaves and roots given in low
Merr. swallowwort doses in early morning in cases of
(Asclepiadaceae) H – Antamul whooping cough, asthma,
S – Pittamari bronchitis, coughs, piles, cancerous
T – Nanjilai pirattai tumours, leukaemia etc. It is a very
good medicine for asthma.
BSI/CDM/354 Uraria logopodioides (L.) DC. H – Pithvan Aerial parts The bark has fracture healing
(Papilionaceae) S – Prisniparni properties. The leaves have
antiseptic properties, useful in
treating gonorrhoea.
BSI/CDM/355 Urena lobata L. E – Congo jute Roots & Roots bitter, abortifacient,
(Malvaceae) H – Bachita leaves antipyretic, aphrodisiac,
S – Vana-bhenda emmenogogue, carminative, blood
T – Ottu-tutti purifier etc. Leaves emollient and
expectorant, useful in apathae and
sore throat.
BSI/CDM/356 Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth E – Indian squill Bulbs Bulbs emetic, employed in skin
(Liliaceae) H – Jangali-piyaz diseases in low doses, heart
S – Van-palandu troubles, asthma, cancer, scabies,
T – Nari vengaayam paralytic affection, skin troubles.
U – Basam-el-unsal Externally used for removing corns
and warts.
BSI/CDM/357 Valeriana jatamansii Jones E – Indian valerian Rhizomes Rhizomes remedy for hysteria,
(Valerianaceae) H – Mushkbala nervous unrest and emotional
S – Tagarah troubles. It is a very good medicine
T – Takaram for mental disorders.
BSI/CDM/358 Valeriana officinalis L. E – Common valerian Rhizomes Rhizomes antispasmodic with
(Valerianaceae) H – Mushkwalee depressant effect on central nervous
system, also used in hysteria,
nervous unrest and similar

emotional states.
BSI/CDM/359 Vanda coerulea Griff. ex Lindl. E – Blue Vanda Flowers Highly valued in horticultural trade
(Orchidaceae) due to its beautiful ornamental
flowers.
BSI/CDM/360 Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) G. Don H – Banda Whole plant Juice of the leaves dropped in ears
(Orchidaceae) S – Rasna in otitis, also used in inflammatory
T – Aratta conditions. Roots used in
dyspepsia, bronchitis, rheumatic
swellings and nervous troubles.
BSI/CDM/361 Verbascum thapsus L. E – Aaron’s rod Aerial parts Aerial parts demulcent and
(Scrophulariaceae) H – Gidar-Tamaku & leaves astringent, useful in asthma,
pulmonary complaints, pectoral
coughs etc.
BSI/CDM/362 Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) H – Somraj Seeds Fruits useful in jaundice, diabetes,
Willd. S – Somaraji hiccough, asthma, leprosy, skin
(Asteraceae) T – Kaattu cheeragam diseases, leucoderma etc. It is very
U – Atarilal good medicine to treat leprosy and
round and thread worms.
BSI/CDM/363 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. E – Purple fleabane Stems In action, stem is diaphoretic, used
(Asteraceae) H – Kak-jangi as a remedy for spasm of the
S – Mayurapatra bladder and strangury. It is a very
T – Mukkuththi- good drug for urinary dieseases.
poondu
BSI/CDM/364 Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash E – Vettiver Roots Roots useful in burning sensation,
(Poaceae) H – Khas-khas skin diseases, sprains, hysteria,
S – Sugandhimula insominia, amnesia, cardiac
T – Vettivaer debility, general debility etc.
Essential oil of root is cooling to
the body.
BSI/CDM/365 Vitex negundo L. E – Chaste tree Leaves Leaves useful in cough, bronchitis,
(Verbenaceae) H – Nirgundi asthma, headache, piles,
S – Nirgundi rheumatism, toothache, leprosy,
T – Nalla nochchi arthritis, paralysis, sprains, etc. It is
U – Fengengist having an insect repellant property.
BSI/CDM/366 Vitex peduncularis Wall. ex E – Long spike chaste Bark Infusion of the leaves and bark
Schauer H – Minjurgorwa used in malarial and other fevers.
(Verbenaceae) Bark is used for making an external
application for pains in the chest.
BSI/CDM/367 Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal E – Winter cherry Roots Tuberous roots tonic, useful in
(Solanaceae) H – Asgandh arthritis, diabetics, general debility,
S – Aswagandha sexual debility, rheumatism,
T – Amukkilaa chedi epilepsy, infertility, thinness,
U – Ammukara varai fatigue, asthma, tuberculosis,
constipation, insomnia etc. It is a
very good aphrodisiac drug.
BSI/CDM/368 Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz E – Fire-flame flower Flowers & Flowers useful in miscarriage,
(Lythraceae) H – Dhaataki fruits infertility, bleeding piles, leprosy,
S – Taamrapushpi skin diseases, burning sensation,
T – Dhatri jargi haemorrhages, dysentery, foul
U – Dhawa ulcers, diabetes, bilious fever,
verminosis etc.
BSI/CDM/369 Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) E – Tomentose Bark & fruits Bark used in menstrual and renal
Mabb. wrightia complaints. Latex of bark and
(Apocynaceae) H – Dudhi unripe fruits used by locals for
S – Sweta kutajah coagulating and solidifying milk.
T – Karuppaalai Seeds given in sexual debility,
spermatorrhoea, general debility.
BSI/CDM/370 Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. E - Pala Indigo-plant Root bark & Root bark tonic, used in piles, skin

(Apocynaceae) H – Indrajau seeds diseases and biliousness. Seeds

S – Svetakutaja used in flatulence and bilious
T – Veppaalai affections. Seeds said to possess
U – Lasanulaasafir aphrodisiac and anthelmintic
properties.
BSI/CDM/371 Xanthium indicum J. Koenig E – Ditch bur Roots & Roots useful in cancer, toxiemia,
(Asteraceae) H – Chhota-gokhuru aerial parts skin diseases etc. Paste of leaves
S – Arishta applied on boils, abscesses, wounds
T – Ottara chedi etc. Fruits employed in
U – Shabha menorrhagia, rheumatism, colic,
arthritis, pruritus, sore-throat etc.
BSI/CDM/372 Zanthoxylum acanthopodium H – Darmar Whole plant Fruits have coriander-like flavour
DC. & stem bark used as a spice. Aromatic seeds
(Asteraceae) sudorific and febrifuge.
BSI/CDM/373 Zea mays L. E – Maize Seeds The grains are useful in anorexia,
(Poaceae) H – Makai general debility, dyspepsia, sexual
S – Makaya debility, tuberculosis etc. It is very
T – Muththuchcholam heavy to digest. Excess intake of
U – Makai maize may cause flatulence.
BSI/CDM/374 Ziziphus glabrata Heyne ex E – Jagged Jujube Leaves Decoction of leaves act as
Roth S – Vatadalla alterative, given in cachexia. Also
(Rhamnaceae) T – Karukaavu used in veneral diseases.
BSI/CDM/375 Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. E – Indian jujube Aerial parts Fruits sweet, tonic, cooling,
(Rhamnaceae) H – Baer & Fruits anodyne, aphrodisiac, styptic,
S – Badari depurative, appetiser etc. Excess
T – Ilanthai intake of fruits may cause cough.
U – Zruf
Abbreviations: E – English; H – Hindi; S – Sanskrit; T – Tamil; U – Arabic or Urdu or Persian.
CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Crude Drug Museum (CDM) housed in the Pharmacognosy The author is thankful to Dr. M. Sanjappa, the Director,
unit of Botanical Survey of India, Howrah is a repository of Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata for providing necessary
about 472 vegetable crude drug samples belonging to about facilities and encouragement.
375 plant species that are highly valued in Indian systems of REFERENCES
medicine and/or Indian vegetable crude drug 1. S.S.R. Bennet, Name changes in Flowering Plants of India and Adjacent Regions.
Triseas Publishers, Dehra Dun, (1987) pp. 1-772.
market/industry. These voucher specimens/samples are very 2. H. Santapau and A.N. Henry, A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants in India
much helpful in ascertaining the identity/authenticity of the (Reprinted). National Institute of Science Communication (CSIR), New Delhi,
vegetable crude drug samples that are received from outside (1998) pp. 1-188.
3. U. Quattrocchi, CRC World Dictionary of plant names: common names, scientific
agencies for identification/authentication. They are also names, eponyms, synonyms & etymology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, (2000)
useful in checking adulterations or substitutions, if any. Vols. I – IV, pp. 1-2895.
Further, these museum exhibits/collections impart practical 4. D.J. Mabberley, The Plant-Book – A portable dictionary of the vascular plants.
Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, (2005) pp. 1-858.
knowledge to the visitors from various teaching (schools, 5. K.M. Matthew, The Flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic. The Rapinat Herbarium,
colleges and universities) and research institutions. Tiruchirapalli, (1983), Vol. III (1 & 2), pp. 1-2154.
The Pharmacognosy Section of Botanical Survey of India is 6. G. Watt, A Dictionary of the Economic Products of India (Reprinted). Cosmo
Publications, Delhi, (1972) Vols. I to VI.
intending to take up an intensive research project in the near 7. Anonymous, The wealth of India – A Dictionary of Indian raw materials &
future on the potential vegetable crude drugs that are used Industrial Products. Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi,
by different communities/societies across the country. The (1948-1976) Vols. I – XI.
8. K.R. Kirtikar and B.D. Basu, Indian Medicinal Plants (Revised). Bishen Singh
outcome of the project will enable us to prepare a Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, (1984) Vols. I – IV, pp. 1-2793.
compendium/database on potential Indian vegetable crude 9. R.N. Chopra, S.L. Nayar, I.C. Chopra, Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. CSIR,
New Delhi, (1956) pp. 1-328.
drug samples (medicinal plants/plant parts) with their
10. R.N.Chopra, I.C. Chopra and B.S. Varma, Supplement to Glossary of Indian
identifying characters (especially morphological and sensory medicinal plants. Publications & Information Directorate, New Delhi, (1969) pp. 1-
characters) and photographs. This will also be made available 119.
11. Anonymous, The useful plants of India. Publication & Information Directorate,
on the internet for public utility and awareness across the
CSIR, New Delhi, (1986) pp. 1-918.
globe. The ultimate aim and objective of this section is to 12. S.K. Jain, Dictionay of Indian Folk medicine & Ethnobotany. Deep publications,
develop itself as one of the Nodal or Resource Centres in New Delhi, (1991) pp. 1-311.
Vegetable Crude Drug research in Indian subcontinent.

13. V.S. Agarwal, Drug Plants of India. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, (1997) Vols. I 16. A. Sheth, The Herbs of Ayurveda. Ashok K. Sheth, Bhavnagar, (2005) Vols. I - IV,
& II, pp. 1-820. pp. 1-1200.
14. E. Roberts, Vegetable material medica of India and Ceylon. Bishen Singh Mahendra 17. Y.K. Sarin, Illustrated Manuel of herbal drugs used in Ayurveda. CSIR & ICMR,
Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, (1984) pp.1-437. New Delhi, (1996) pp. 1-422.
15. A.C. Dey, Indian Medicinal plants used in Ayurvedic preparations. Bishen Singh 18. A.B.D. Selvam, Are multiple names mandatory to refer a vegetable crude drug?.
Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, (1980) pp. 1-200. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2(8): 200 (2006).


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Pharmacognosy Reviews

Vol 2, Issue 3, Jan-Jun, 2008 PHCOG REV.

Phcog Rev.: Review Article

INTRODUCTION Of the available/enlisted 472 vegetable crude drug samples,

© 2008 Phcog.Net, All rights reserved. 61

Trade names used in Plant parts

© 2008 Phcog.Net, All rights reserved. 62

U – Vaj used to increase memory power.

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T – Pazha munnipala suggests its usefulness in various

© 2008 Phcog.Net, All rights reserved. 64

BSI/CDM/034 Aphanamixis polystachya E – Amoora Fruits & Fruis astringent, useful in

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(Averrhoaceae) gooseberry fruits antipyretic and anthelmintic. They

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dyspepsia and hyperdipsia.

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(Pinaceae) S – Devadaru considered as antiseptic,

© 2008 Phcog.Net, All rights reserved. 69

(Lauraceae) H – Dalchini extensively used as a spice or

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S – Kachu anodyne, nutritive, galactogogue,

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T – Karpooragam leucoderma, leprosy, psoriasis etc.

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T – Salamisri general weakness particularly in

BSI/CDM/137 Desmodium gangeticum (L.) H – Sarivan Roots Roots useful in indigestion,

© 2008 Phcog.Net, All rights reserved. 73

(Dilleniaceae) H – Chalta leaves Decoction of leaves and bark is

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analgesic, diaphoretic etc.

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S – Hati-sunda asthma, rheumatism etc. Paste of

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S – Kapittha astringent, yield an essential oil.

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(Rubiaceae) T – Nuna leaves vernacular names as those of

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U – Lichur also prescribed in neuralgic

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BSI/CDM/259 Phoenix dactylifera L. E – Date palm Fruits Fruits useful in nephropathy,

© 2008 Phcog.Net, All rights reserved. 83

disorders, greyness of hairs etc.

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S – Phenila constipation, food poisoning,

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hysteria, epilepsy, nervousness,

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(Apocynaceae) H – Indrajau seeds diseases and biliousness. Seeds

Abbreviations: E – English; H – Hindi; S – Sanskrit; T – Tamil; U – Arabic or Urdu or Persian.

Vegetable Crude Drug research in Indian subcontinent.

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