Mr. Rommell B.

Gutoman

Unifying
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Themes of Life
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Review of the Last Lesson

▪ 1. Enumerate the five theories, hypotheses

and experiments that we discussed about the
origin of life.
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Review of the Last Lesson

▪ 2. What theory states that life originated from

another planet outside the solar system?
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Review of the Last Lesson

▪ 3. What theory states that life arose from

inanimate object or nonliving matter?
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Review of the Last Lesson

▪ 4. What theory states that life was created by

God?
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Review of the Last Lesson

▪ 5. What theory explains the existence of

maggots from a meat after few days?
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Review of the Last Lesson

▪ 6. What theory was proposed by Alexander

Oparin in which life formed from the warm
little pond or hot primordial soup?
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Review of the Last Lesson

▪ 7. Who are the proponents of the experiment

that seeks to simulate or replicate the early
condition of the Earth to find out what
molecules were formed during that time?
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Review of the Last Lesson

▪ 8. What are the molecules produced in the

Miller-Urey experiment?
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Review of the Last Lesson

▪ 9. What do you call the first cells which do not

have nucleus?
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Review of the Last Lesson

▪ 10. What organism is responsible for the

oxygenation of the seas, ocean and
atmosphere?
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Unifying Themes Present
in All Living Things

▪ Cellular Organization

▪ Cells contain basic structures like:

membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus,
endoplasmic reticulum,
mitochondria, ribosomes,
endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes
and chloroplast (plants and some
bacteria).
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Unifying Themes Present in All Living
Things
▪ Metabolism

▪ Chemical reactions involved in

maintaining the living state of the cells
and organisms (New Medical)

▪ Anabolism – synthesis of all

compounds needed by organisms i.e.
photosynthesis (6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light
energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2)

▪ Catabolism – breakdown of compounds

or molecules to get energy (C6H12O6 +
6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 25 ATP)

▪ All living things use energy for moving,

growing, thinking, etc.

▪ Energy comes from sunlight and

captured by plants and algae.
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Unifying Themes Present in All Living
Things

▪ Homeostasis

▪ Ability to maintain
stable internal
conditions

▪ The human body

maintains a
temperature of 36.5 ˚C.
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Unifying Themes Present in All Living
Things
▪ Reproduction

▪ Ability of living things to reproduce

▪ It involves the transfer of genetic information from parents to offspring.

▪ Reproduction may be sexual (involves gametes like sperm and egg cell) or
asexual (no gametes involved).
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Unifying Themes Present in All Living
Things
▪ Heredity

▪ Ability to transmit characteristics from parents to offspring

▪ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) helps in transmission of

characteristics from one generation to another.

▪ The DNA has genes (set of instructions to make proteins) that

carry our traits or characteristics).
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Other Unifying Themes

▪ Level of Organization

▪ Hierarchy of increasing complexity from molecular level to the

more complex level

▪ Atoms – molecules – organelles – cells – tissues – organs –

organ systems – organism – population – community –
ecosystem – biosphere
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Other Unifying Themes

▪ Flow of Energy

▪ Plants capture light energy from the sun.

▪ They make their own food through the process of

photosynthesis.

▪ Animals depend on plants for food.

▪ Energy is transferred from plants to animals.

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Other Unifying Themes
▪ Evolution

▪ Change in the characteristics of species over a long

period of time and generations

▪ It relies on the process of natural selection.

▪ Natural selection is a process by which organisms

adapt and change depending on the condition of the
environment.
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Other Unifying
Themes

▪ Natural Selection explains that

organisms with more favorable
traits will be more likely to survive
and reproduce.

▪ This process changes the species

overtime.

▪ The favorable traits are called

adaptations.
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Other Unifying Themes
Structure Determines Function

Body structure is always related to function.

Body structures are designed to carry out their functions.

It arises through the natural selection.

Ex. A hummingbird sucks nectar from a deep flower through its

long tongue.