OPTICS, SOUND

&
HEAT & THERMO
100 MOST IMPORTANT
QUESTIONS
8SSB GUIDE DEFENCE ACADEMY
The power of a lens of focal length 10 cm is
a) 0.1 dioptre
b) 10 dioptre
c) 1 dioptre
d) 100 dioptre
A concave mirror of radius of curvature 50 cm is used to form an image of an
object kept at a distance of 25 cm from the mirror on its principal axis. What
will be the position of the image from the mirror?

(a) At infinity
(b) At 50 cm
(c) At 25 cm
(d) At 75 cm
A person burned a firecracker in front of a cliff and heard its
echo 5 s after it burst. The distance of the cliff from the person, if
the speed of the sound is 340 m/s, is close to
(a) 1700 m
(b) 170 m
(c) 85 m
(d) 850 m
Consider the following statements about the microphone and
the speaker of a mobile phone:

1. The microphone converts sound to a mechanical signal.

2. The microphone converts sound to an electrical signal.
3. The speaker converts a mechanical signal to sound
4. The speaker converts an electrical signal to sound.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 3
(b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 2 and 4
If an object is placed at the focus of a convex lens, its images is
(a) at the focus on the same side
(b) at the focus on the opposite side
(c) coincident with the lens
(d) at infinity
When water is heated from 0∘ C to 4∘ C, its density
(a) remains constant.
(b) increases.
(c) decreases.
(d) first increases then decreases to its original value
Which one of the following statements about the radius of a convex lens is
correct?

(a) It is equal to object distance

(b) It is equal to its focal length
(c) It is equal to double of focal length
(d) It is equal to half of its focal length
Which one of the following is the correct relation between
Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales?
(Symbols carry their usual meanings)

10
(a) TF = T + 32
3 C
5
(b) TF = T + 36
9 C
9
(c) TF = T + 36
5 C
9
(d) TF = T + 32
5 C
Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the
travel of a light beam from a rare to a dense medium?

(a) A light beam travelling from a rare medium to a dense medium

slows down & bends towards the normal.
(b) A light beam travelling from a rare medium to a dense medium
speeds up and bends towards the normal.
(c) A light beam travelling from a rare medium to a dense medium
slows down and bends away from the normal.
(d) A light beam travelling from a rare medium to a dense medium
speeds up and bends away from the normal.
If the speed of light in air is represented by 𝑐 and the speed in a
medium is 𝑣, then the refractive index of the medium can be
calculated using the formula
(a) 𝑣/𝑐
(b) 𝑐/𝑣
(c) 𝑐/(2 ⋅ 𝑣)
(d) (𝑐 − 𝑣)/𝑐
Which of the following lenses will have largest focal length (in m)?

(a) Lens with power +2.0D

(b) Lens with power +2.5D
(c) Lens with power +1.5D
(d) Lens with power +1.0D
A luminous object is placed at a distance of 40 cm from a converging lens of
focal length 25 cm. The image obtained in the screen is

(a) erect and magnified

(b) erect and smaller
(c) inverted & magnified
(d) inverted and smaller
When a light ray enters into glass medium from water at an angle of
incidence 0∘ , what would be the angle of refraction?

(a) 90∘
(b) 45∘
(c) 0∘
(d) The ray will not enter at all
Which one of the following is not true about the image formed by
a plane mirror?
(a) It is of the same size as the subject.
(b) It is laterally inverted.
(c) It is real image.
(d) It is formed as far behind the mirror as the object is in front.
In a periscope, the two plane mirrors are kept
(a) parallel to each other
(b) perpendicular to each other
(c) at an angle of 60∘ with each other
(d) at an angle of 45∘ with each other
If the speed of light in air is 3 ∗ 108 m/s, then the speed of light in a medium
of refractive index 3 is
(a) 2 × 108 m/s
9
(b) × 108 m/s
4
3
c) × 108 m/ss
2
(d) 1 × 108 m/s
The unit of the force constant 𝑘 of a spring is
(a) N − m
(b) N − m2
(c) N/m
(d) N/m2
Column II gives lens that can be use to correct the defect of
vision given in column 1 , match them correctly.
Column-I
(A) Myopia
(B) Hypermetropia
(C) Astigmatism
(D) Presbyopia
Column-II
(p) Convex lens
(q) Concave lens
(r) Cylindrical lens
(s) Bi-focal lens
Match the following .
Column-I
(A) Power of convex mirror
(B) Power of concave mirror
(C) Power of plane mirror
(D) Power of convex lens

Column-II
(p) Positive power
(q) Negative power
(r) Zero power
(s) Infinite power
A concave mirror of radius of curvature 50 cm is used to form an
image of an object kept at a distance of 25 cm from the mirror on
its principal axis. What will be the position of the image from the
mirror?

(a) At infinity
(b) At 50 cm
(c) At 25 cm
(d) At 75 cm
Sonic boom is produced when a source of sound travels at a speed:

(a) greater than the speed of sound.

(b) greater than the speed of light
(c) lesser than the speed of sound
(d) equal to the speed of sound
Refraction of light, as it enters from one transparent medium to another, is
due to
(a) change in temperature of the media.
(b) change in the amplitude of light.
(c) change in speed of light.
(d) internal property of light.
A ray of light travelling from a rarer medium to a denser medium
(a) slows down and bends away from the normal.
(b) slows down and bends towards the normal.
(c)speeds up and bends away from the normal.
(d) speeds up and bends towards the normal
A sound wave has a frequency of 4 kHz and wavelength30 cm. How long will
it take to travel 2.4 km ?
(a) 2.0 s
(b) 0.6 s
(c) 1.0 s
(d) 8.0 s
The upper and lower portions in common type of bi-focal lenses are
respectively
(a) concave and convex
(b) convex and concave
(c) both concave of different focal lengths
(d) both convex of different focal lengths
Where should an object be placed in front of a convex lens to get
a real and enlarged image of the object ?
(a) At twice the focal length
(b) At infinity
(c) Between the principal focus and twice the focal length
(d) Beyond twice the focal length
The maximum velocity and acceleration of a particle in SHM are
100 cm/s and 157 cm/s2 respectively. The time period in seconds
will be :
A4
B 𝟏. 𝟓𝟕
C 0.25
D1
Coefficient of linear expansion of brass and steel rods are 𝛼1 and
𝛼2 , Lengths of brass and steel rods are 𝐼1 and 𝐼2 respectively. If
𝐼2 − 𝐼1 is maintained same at all temperatures, which one of the
following relations holds good?
A. 𝛼1 𝑙22 = 𝛼2 𝑙12
B. 𝛼1 2 𝑙2 = 𝛼2 2 𝑙1
C. 𝛼1 11 = 𝛼2 𝑙2
D. none
Which of the following statement is FALSE?
1.In a concave mirror, the centre of curvature is in front of the
mirror.
2.Convex mirror forms real image.
3.In a convex mirror, the centre of curvature is in front of the
mirror.
4.Concave mirror forms real & virtual image.

A.Statements (1) and (3)

B.Statements (3) and (4)
C.Statements (1) and (4)
D.Statements (2) and (3)
The amount of heat energy that is required to change 1 𝐤𝐠 of a
solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point is
known as
A. Latent heat of condensation
B. Latent heat of vaporization
C. Latent heat of fusion
D. Latent heat of Sublimation
In which of the following ways of heat transfer no medium is
required?
A.Radiation and Conduction both
B.Conduction
C.Convection
D.Radiation
The normal temperature of the human body in ∘ F and ∘ C is

A. 100∘ F and 38∘ C

B. 37∘ F and 98.4∘ C
C. 98.4∘ F and 37∘ C
D. 90∘ F and 40∘ C
Heat energy produced by sun reaches to earth due to

1.conduction
2.convection
3.radiation
4.Air
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Boiling point of water is 100 degree Celsius
B. Freezing point of water is 273 kelvin
C. Absolute zero of centigrade scale lies in 0 degree celcius
D. Boiling point of water is 373k
An object is placed on the principal axis of a concave lens at a
point between its optical centre (0) and infinity. The image
formed is:
A. Erect and diminished
B. Inverted and diminished
C. Inverted and enlarged
D. Erect and enlarged
The image formed by concave mirror is real, inverted and of the
same size as that of the object. The position of the object should
be
A. at the focus
B. at the centre of curvature
C. between the focus and centre of curvature
D. beyond the centre of curvature
What happens when the light is refracted from air into a glass?
a. Both frequency and wavelength of the light increase
b. The wavelength increases but the frequency remains unchanged
c. Both wavelength and frequency decreased.
d. The wavelength decreases but the frequency remains constant
Find the focal length of a convex lens of focal length 50 cm in
contact with a concave lens of focal length 40 cm ? Also find the
correct lens system?
A. 300 cm, converging lens
B. 200 cm, diverging lens
C. 200 cm, converging lens
D. 300 cm, diverging lens
In the dispersion of white light by a common glass prism, which
one among the following is correct?
A. Red light deviates the most because red light has highest
speed in prism
B. Blue light deviates the most because blue light has highest
speed in prism
C. Red light deviates the most because red light has lowest
speed in prism
D. Blue light deviates the most because blue light has lowest
speed in prism
A diverging lens with the magnitude of focal length 25 cm is placed at a
distance of 15 cm from a converging lens of the magnitude of focal length
20 cm. A beam of parallel light falls on the diverging lens.The final image
formed is
A. real and at a distance of 40 cm from the divergent lens
B. real and at a distance of 6 cm from the convergent lens
C. real and at a distance of 40 cm from the convergent lens
D. real and at a distance of 40 cm from the convergent lens
Which one of the following sets of colour combinations are
added in colour vision on TV?
A. Yellow, green and blue
B. White, black, red and green
C. Red, green and blue
D. Orange, pink and blue
A 200 g block of iron was heated from 30∘ C to 60∘ C. How much
heat was transferred to the block (specific heat of iron is 450Jkg −
1 −1 )
K ?
A. 6000 J
B. 27 J
C. 2700 J
D. 270 J
The ratio of the specific heat of the two bodies A and B are 1: 2
and the ratio of the heat given to the body 𝐴 to body 𝐵 is 2: 1. If
the masses of both the bodies are the same, then the ratio of the
change in temperature of body 𝐴 to body 𝐵 is:
A. 1: 1
B. 1: 4
C. 4: 1
D. None of these
The minimum magnifying power of a telescope is M. If the focal
length of its eyepiece is halved its magnifying power will be
M
A. 2
B. 𝑀
C. 2M
D.4M
A person is using lenses of power +2D in his spectacles for both
his eyes. It means the person is suffering from

A.myopia and the focal length of the lenses used is 50 cm.

B.myopia and the focal length of the lenses used is 5.0 m.
C.hypermetropia and the focal length of the lenses used is 5.0 m.
D.hypermetropia and the focal length of the lenses used is 50 cm.
A ray of light passes from a block of ice ( 𝑛 = 1.31 ) to kerosene
(𝑛 = 1.44). In kerosene it bends ----- the normal and ------

A.away from, slows down

B.towards, slows down
C.away from, speeds up
D.towards, speeds up
A convex lens is placed in water. Its focal length:
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Remains the same
D) None of the above
Conditions to achieve total internal reflection between water and
air :
(a) Light must travel from water to air
(b) Light must travel from air to water
(c) The angle of incidence inside the water must be greater than
that of the critical angle
(d) The angle of incidence inside the water must be lesser than
that of the critical angle

1.(a) and (c)

2.(b) and (d)
3.(a) and (d)
4.(b) and (c)
Refractive index of glass with respect to water is 5/4 and the
refractive index of water with respect to air is 4/3, what is the
refractive index of glass with respect to air?

A 5/3
B 5/4
C 16/15
D 1.5
Loudness of sound is measured in units of

A. Decibel (dB)
B. Metre (m)
C. Hertz (Hz)
D. Metre/second (m/s)
A pendulum has time period 𝑇. If it is taken on to another planet
having acceleration due to gravity half and mass 9 times that of
the earth then its time period on the planet will be
A T
BT
C T1/3
D 2T
The time period of a pendulum on the earth is 𝑇. If this pendulum
is taken to another planet that has mass double of the earth and
radius half of the earth, then the time period of the pendulum on
that planet will be:
A. equal to 𝑇
B. less than T
C. more than T
D. Can't say
If the focal length of the objective lens is increased then
A Magnifying power of microscope will increase but that of
telescope will decrease
B Magnifying power of microscope and telescope both will
increase
C Magnifying power of microscope and telescope both will
decrease
D The magnifying power of microscope will decrease but that of
the telescope will increase
The type of waves produced by bats are
A Ultrasonic waves
B X-ray waves
C Light waves
D None of the above
A point object is placed an distance of 30 cm from a convex
mirror of focal length 30 cm. The image will form at :
A Infinity
B Pole
C Focus
D 15 cm behind the mirror
If an object is placed 10 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal
length 20 cm, the image will be:
A diminished, upright, virtual
B enlarged, upright, virtual
C diminished, inverted, real
D enlarged, upright, real
An object is placed at a distance 20 cm from the pole of a convex
mirror of focal length 20 cm. The image is produced.
A 13.3 cm
B 20 cm
C 25 cm
D 10 cm
The distance at which an object should be placed in front of a
convex lens of focal length 10 cm to obtain a virtual image double
the size of object will be:
A 30 cm
B 15 cm
C 5 cm
D 10 cm
Find the nature of image when an object is placed at 2f from the
pole of a convex mirror of focal length 𝑓
A Real, inverted and of same size
1
B Virtual, erect and of times
3
C Virtual, erect and 3 times
1
D Real, inverted and times
3
The focal length of a concave mirror is 𝑓 in air. Its focal length in
4
water (refractive index ) will be
3
A. f
3
B. 4
𝑓
4
C. 3
𝑓
7
D. 3
𝑓
Which of the following is the correct statement regarding an
astronomical telescope?
1.The focal length of eyepiece of an astronomical telescope is
larger than the focal length of its objective.
2.The focal length of objective lens of telescope is larger than
the focal length of the eyepiece.
3.The magnification of an astronomical telescope with the
increase in focal length of its objective lens
4.The magnification of an astronomical telescope increases with
the increase in focal length of its eye piece.
Identify the INCORRECT statement
A. Virtual images can be seen on the screen
B. Light can travel along straight lines
C. A shining surface acts as a mirror
D. Concave lens forms virtual and erect image
An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm in front of a double
convex lens made of glass of refractive index 1.5 . Both the radii
of curvature of the lens are 20 cm in magnitude. What is the
position of the image formed?
A. −35 cm
B. 10 cm
C. −20 cm
D. 20 cm
Mirage is an example of
1.Reflection of light
2.Refraction of light
3.Total internal reflection of light
4.Scattering of light
The colors in a Rainbow are formed by--------phenomenon.
1.Reflection
2.Refraction
3.Diffusion
4.Dispersion
Blue colour of the sky and the reddish appearance of the Sun at
the sunrise or sunset is due to
A. Interference
B. Reflection
C. Refraction
D. Scattering
A bifocal lens is used as a remedy in which of the following
defects in the eyes?
A. Hypermetropia
B. Presbyopia
C. Astigmatism
D. Myopia
When an object is placed 45 centimeters in front of a diverging
lens with a focal length of 15 centimeters, what are the image
distance and the magnification?

d = 22.25 cm and m = −1.0

d = −11.25 cm and m = 0.25

d = −22.25 cm and m = 0.25
d = 10.25 cm and m = 4.1
A thin lens of focal length 20 cm (refractive index, 𝜇 = 1.50) is
immersed in water (𝜇 = 1.33). The focal length of the lens in
water is (nearly)
A. 19 cm
B. 26 cm
C. 39 cm
D. 78 cm
Which of the following colours of white light deviated most when
passes through a prism?
A. Red light
B. Violet light
C. Yellow light
D. Both (a) and (b)
In total internal reflection when the angle of incidence is equal to
the critical angle for the pair of media in contact, what will be an
angle of refraction?
A. 180∘
B. 0∘
C. equal to angle of incidence
D. 90∘
Which of the following phenomena are involved in rainbow
formation?
(A) Dispersion
(B) Reflection
(C) Total internal reflection
(D) Refraction
1.Only (𝐴)
2.(A) and (C)
3.(A), (C) and (D)
4.A and D
Far point for a myopic eye is 50 cm. The nature and power of
corrective lens are
A. concave, −2D
B. concave, +2D
C. convex, -2D
D. convex, 0.5D
A convex lens has a focal length of 10 cm. At which of the
following positions should an object be placed so that this convex
lens may act as a magnifying glass?
A. 15 cm
B. 7 cm
C. 20 cm
D. 25 cm
If length of second pendulum becomes four times, then its time
period will become :
A four times
B eight times
C two times
D same as before
For a sound wave, frequency is 8800 Hz and speed is 352 m/s in a
given medium. The wavelength of the wave is:
A. 0.4 m
B. 0.03 m
C. 0.25 m
D. 0.04 m
The pitch of a sound wave depends upon which one of its
following characteristics?
A. Speed
B. Amplitude
C. Loudness
D. Frequency
Unit of the intensity of sound is
A. Farad
B. Decibel
C. Ohm
D. Pascal
A normal human ear can hear sound of frequency
A. 20 − 20000 Hz
B. 30 − 20000 Hz
C. 40 − 20000 Hz
D. 50 − 20000 Hz
A sound source sends waves of 400 Hz. It produces waves of
wavelength 2.5 m. The velocity of sound waves is
A. 100 m/s
B. 1000 m/s
C. 10000 m/s
D. 3000 km/s
Which one of the following statements is NOT true about the
sound waves?
A. Sound waves are longitudinal in nature
B. Sound waves can propagate through water
C. Speed of sound waves in steel is more than its speed in air
D. Sound waves can propagate through vacuum
Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the
travel of sound waves?
A. Sound waves can travel through water
B. Sound waves can travel through air
C. Sound waves can travel through steel
D. Sound waves can travel through vacuum
Which of the following wave has the shortest wavelength range?
A. 0.03 mm
B. 0.03 km
C. 0.03 m
D. 0.03 nm
The frequency of a sound wave is 200 Hz and its wavelength is
2 m. What is the speed of the sound wave?
A. 400 m/s
B. 200 m/s
C. 80 m/s
D. 100 m/s
If the time period of a sound wave is 0.02 s, then what is its
frequency?
A. 50 Hz
B. 100 Hz
C. 25 Hz
D. 500 Hz
Speed of sound in water was found to be 1440 m/s. If the wave
length is 144 m then find the frequency?
A. 100 Hz
B. 10 Hz
C. 1/10 Hz
D. 1 Hz
The following diagram shows a pendulum at different positions.
Which one of the following statement is true?

A. The pendulum has minimum potential energy at positions P

and T.
B. The pendulum has minimum potential energy at positions Q
and S.
C. The pendulum has minimum potential energy at position 𝑅.
D. The pendulum has same potential energy at all positions.
If a Brahmos missile is travelling in the air at a speed of
3710Kmph, what is its approximate Mach number? (Given, speed
of sound in air 1234.8Kmph)
A. Mach 1
B. Mach 2
C. Mach 3
D. Mach 4
Echoes are heard due to the phenomenon of
A. Reflection of sound waves
B. Resonance
C. Interference of sound waves
D. Refraction of sound wave
If there is a planet on which the value of the acceleration due to
its gravity is one-nineth of that at the earth, the frequency of
oscillation of a simple pendulum on that planet will be
(a) nine times
(b) one-nineth
(c) three times
(d) one-third
Which one of the following statement regarding a thermo flask is
not correct?
(a) The walls of flask are separated by vacuum and made of glass
which is a poor conductor of heat.
(b) The glass walls themselves have shiny surfaces.
(c) The surface of inner wall radiates good amount of heat and
the surface of outer wall absorbs some of the heat that is
radiated from the inner wall.
(d) The cork supports are poor conductors of heat.
Which of the following statement(s) about specific heat of a body
is/are correct?
1.It depends upon mass and shape of the body.
2.It is independent of mass and shape of the body.
3.It depends only upon the temperature of the body.
(a) Only 1
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) Only 2
When you compress a spring you do work on it. The elastic potential energy
of the spring:
A. Increases
B. Remains constant
C. Decreases
D. Both a and c
Consider the following statements.
I. For an isolated system, energy (E) always remains constant.
II. The first law of thermodynamics is based on the conservation
of mass.
III. For an isobaric process, pressure remains constant.
Which of the statement (s) given above is/are false?
A. Only I
B. Only II
C. Both ∣ and 𝐼𝐼
D. Only I and III
Consider two satellites 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 with periods of revolution 1hr,
and 8hr. respectively revolving around a planet in circular orbits.
The ratio of frequency of satellite 𝑆1 to the frequency of satellite
𝑆2 is:
A. 8: 1
B. 1: 8
C. 2: 1
D. 1: 4
A staircase has 5 steps each 10 cm high and
10 cm wide. What is the minimum horizontal
velocity to be given to the ball so that it hits
directly the lowest plane from the top of the
staircase? ൫g = 10 ms−2 )
(a) 2 ms−1
(b) 1 ms−1
(c) 2 ms−1
1
(d) ms−1
2
A staircase has 5 steps each 10 cm high and
10 cm wide. What is the minimum horizontal
velocity to be given to the ball so that it hits
directly the lowest plane from the top of the
staircase? ൫g = 10 ms−2 )
(a) 2 ms−1
(b) 1 ms−1
(c) 2 ms−1
1
(d) ms−1
2
Two cars 𝐴 and 𝐵 have masses 𝑚𝐴 and 𝑚𝐵 respectively, with 𝑚𝐴 >
𝑚𝐵 . Both the cars are moving in the same direction with equal
kinetic energy. If equal braking force is applied on both, then
before coming to rest
(a) A will cover a greater distance
(b) B will cover a greater distance
(c) both will cover the same distance
(d) distance covered by them will depend on their respective
velocities
A bullet of mass 20gm is fired in the horizontal direction with a velocity
150 m/s from a pistol of mass 1 kg. Recoil velocity of the pistol is
(a) 3 m/s
(b) 300 m/s
(c) 3 km/s
(d) 1/3 m/s
If the atmospheric pressure is given by 106 dyne
/cm2 ,the equivalent value in its SI unit will be
A. 106 N/m2
B. 105 N/m2
C. 104 N/m2
D. 103 N/m2
A passenger in a moving train tosses a coin which falls behind
him. Observing this statement what can you say about the motion
of the train?
(a) Accelerated
(b) Retarded
(c)Along circular tracks
(d) Uniform
A. 1000 m
B. 10 m
C. 100 m
D.Zero
A mass 𝑚1 is moving on a plane surface along a straight path
under the action of a force 𝐹. Another mass 𝑚2 is added on to 𝑚1
and the acceleration drops to 1/5 of the earlier value of the
acceleration. Assuming that 𝐹 remains constant, what is the ratio
𝑚1 : 𝑚2 ?
(a) 1/6
(b) 1/5
(c) 1/4
(d) 4/5
A body of mass 4 kg accelerates from 15 m/s to 25 m/s in 5 seconds due to
the application of a force on it. Calculate the magnitude of this force (in N).
A. 32
B. 8
C. 16
D. 64
A body of mass 5kg moving with a velocity 10m/s collides with
another body of mass 20 kg at rest and comes to rest. The
velocity of the second body after the collision is
A. 2.5m/s B. 5m/s C. 7.5m/s D. 10m/s
Along a streamline
A. the velocity of a fluid particle remains constant.
the velocity of all fluid particles
B. crossing a given position is constant.
C. the velocity of all fluid particles at a given instant is constant.
D. the speed of a fluid particle remains constant
Out of the following the only pair that does not have identical
dimensions is:
A. angular momentum and Planck's constant
B. moment of inertia and moment of a force
C. work and torque
D. impulse and momentum