Q.NO.20 Determine the focal length of the given concave mirror by u -v method.

Verify the result

from u-v graph.
Formula :
To determine focal length of the concave mirror :
1 1 1 1 1 1
1. Distant object method       f  v cm
f u v  v v
uv
2. u-v method f   cm  where u = distance of the object from the mirror (cm)
uv
v = distance of the image from the mirror (cm)
3. u-v graph method :

Taking u-values on X-axis and v-values on Y-axis graph is a rectangular parabola.

OA  OB
f
4
Table :
Table : To find focal length of the concave mirror (f)
Distant-object method focal length f = 20 cm
Focal length
Object distance Image distance
uv
Sl. No. u v f 
uv
(cm) (cm)
(cm)
1
2
3
4
5
6

Procedure :
Find focal length of the mirror in distant-object method
1. Plane the wire mesh illuminated by candle infront of the mirror at a distance greater than focal length
of the mirror obtained by distant-object method and for clear reflected image on the screen measure
the distance ‘u’ of the object and ‘v’ of the image from the pole of the mirror.
2. Repeat the experiment 6 times increasing u in steps of 5cm measure u and v calculated focal length
uv
as f  .
uv
3. u-v graph method :
As the formula plot u-v graph draw the line 450 with X-axis which intercept the graph at P. Draw
normals PA and PB on to X and Y axis respectively.
OA  OB
Note : OA = OB - 2f and calculate the focal length as f 
4
Precautions :
1. Concave mirror pole and object centre should be at the same height from the table.
2. The image formed should be clear.
41
Table :
Table : To find focal length of the concave mirror (f)
Distant-object method focal length f = 20 cm

Focal length
Object distance Image distance
Sl. uv
u v f
No. uv
(cm) (cm)
(cm)
1 25 100 20.00
2 30 60.5 20.05
3 35 48.2 20.27
4 40 40.6 20.14
5 45 37.3 20.39
6 50 34.5 20.41

Calculation :
1. For u = 25 cm, v = 100 cm log(2500) = 3.3979
log(125) = 2.0969
uv  25 100  2500 log f = log(2500) - log(125)
f    20.00cm
uv 25  100 125 = 1.3010
2. For u = 30cm, V=60.5 cm f = A(1.3010) = 20

uv  30  60.5  1815 log(1815) = 3.2589

f    20.05cm
uv 30  60.5 90.5 log(90.5) = 1.9560
log f = 3.2589 – 1.9560
3. For u = 35 cm, V = 48.2 cm
log f = 1.3023
uv  35  48.2  1687 f = 20.05
f    20.27 cm
uv 35  48.2 83.2
log(1687) = 3.2271
4. For u = 40 cm, v = 40.6 cm
log(83.2) = 1.9201
uv  40  40.6  1624 log f = 1.3070
f    20.14 cm f = 20.2699
uv 40  40.6 80.6
5. For u = 45cm, v = 37.3 cm log(1624) = 3.2106
uv  45  37.3 1678.5 log(80.6) = 1.9063
f    20.39 cm log f = 3.2106 – 1.9063
uv 45  37.3 82.3
log f = 1.3043
6. For u = 50 cm, v = 34.5 cm f = A(1.3043) = 20.14
uv  50  34.5 1725
f    20.41 cm
u  v 50  34.5 84.5 log (1678.5) = 3.2249
Average focal length of the concave mirror log (82.3) = 1.9154
20.00  20.05  20.27  20.14  20.39  20.41 121.26 log f = 3.2249 – 1.9154
f   20.21cm = 1.3095
6 6 f = 20.395
From u-v graph method : OA = 40 cm, OB = 40 cm
log(1725) = 3.2368
OA  OB  40.0    40.0  80
f    20.0cm log( 84.5) = 1.9269
4 4 4 log f = 3.2368 – 1.9269
Result : = 1.3099
Focal length of the concave mirror in f = 20.41
1) u-v method f = 20.21 cm
log 121.26 = 2.0837
2) u-v graph method f = 20.0 cm both ae nearly equal to each other.
log 6 = 0.7782
2.0837 – 0.7782 = log f =
1.3055
f = 20.21
42
Q.NO.21 Determine the focal length of the given concave mirror by u-v method. Verify the result
1 1
from  graph. (Take 6 observations)
u v
Formula :
To determine focal length of the concave mirror
1. Distant - object method
1 1 1 1 1 1
      f  v  cm 
f u v  v v
uv
2. u - v method f  (cm)
uv
where u = distance of the object from the mirror (cm)
v = distance of the image from the mirror (cm)
1 1
3.  graph method :
u v

1 1
Taking - values on x-axis and -values on y-axis graph is a straight line intersecting X and Y
u v
axes at A and B respectively.
Table :
Object Image Focal length 1 1
Sl. distance distance uv u v
f
No. u v u v (cm-1) (cm-1)
(cm) (cm) (cm)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Procedure :
1. Find focal length of the mirror in distant - object method.
u - v method :
2. Place the wire mesh illuminated by candle infront of the mirror at a distance greater than focal length
of the mirror obtained by distant - object method and for dear reflected image on the screen measure
the distance ‘u’ of the object and ‘v’ of the image from pole of the mirror.
3. Repeat the experiment 6 times increasing u in steps of 5 cm measure u and v calculated focal length
uv
as f 
uv
1 1
 graph method :
u v
1 1 1 2
4. As in formula plot  graph. Note OA = OB = and calculate the focal length as f  .
u v f OA  OB
Precautions :
1. Concave mirror pole and object centre should be at the same height from the table.
2. The image formed should be clear.

43
Table : To find focal length of the concave mirror (f)
Distant - object method focal length f = 20 cm.
Focal length
Object distance Image distance 1 1
Sl. uv
u v f u v
No. u v
(cm) (cm) (cm-1) (cm-1)
(cm)
1 25 100 20.00 40.0 x 10-3 10.00 x 10-3
2 30 60.5 20.05 33.3 x 10-3 16.52 x 10-3
3 35 48.2 20.27 28.5 x 10-3 20.74 x 10-3
4 40 40.6 20.14 25.0 x 10-3 24.63 x 10-3
5 45 37.3 20.39 22.2 x 10-3 26.80 x 10-3
6 50 34.5 20.41 20.0 x 10-3 28.99 x 10-3

1. For u = 25cm, v = 100 cm

uv  25 100  2500
f    20.00
uv 25  100 125 log(2835) = 3.4526
2. For u = 30 cm, v = 60.5 cm log(116) = 2.0645
 30  60.5 1815 log f = 3.4526 – 2.0645 = 1.3881
uv
f    20.05 f = A(1.3881) = 24.43
uv 30  60.5 90.5
3. For u = 35 cm, v = 48.2 cm
log(2520) = 3.4014
uv  35  48.2  1687 log (103) = 2.0128
f    20.27
uv 35  48.2 83.2 log f = 3.4014 – 2.0128 = 1.3886
4. For u = 40 cm, V = 40.6 cm f = A(1.3886) = 24.46
uv  40  40.6  1624
f    20.14cm log(2385) = 3.3775
uv 40  40.6 80.6
5. For u = 45 cm, v = 37.3 cm log(98) = 1.9912
log f = 3.3775 – 1.9912 = 1.3863
uv  45  37.3 1678.5 f = A (1.3863) = 24.33
f    20.39cm
uv 45  37.3 82.3
6. For u = 50 cm, v = 34.5 cm
uv  50  34.5 1725
f    20.41cm
uv 50  34.5 84.5
Average focal length of the concave mirror
20.00  20.05  20.27  20.14  20.39  20.41 121.26
f   20.21cm
6 6
1 1
From  graph method :
u v
OA = 50 x 10–3 cm–1 , OB = 50 x 10–3 cm–1
2 2 2  103
f  
 log  2 * log 10
OA  OB   
50  103  50  103 
100 
f = 20.00 cm log f = 0.3010 + 1 = 1.3010
f = A (1.3010) = 20.00 cm
Observations :
1. In Distant - object method object distance u =  .2. In Disntant - object method f = 20 cm.
1 1
3.  graph is a straight line. 4. Image by concave mirror is real and inverted.
u v
Result :
Focal length of the concave mirror is 1. u - v method f = 20.21 cm
1 1
2.  graph method f = 20.00 cm both are nearly equal to each other..
u v
44
Q.NO.22 Determine the focal length of the given convex lens by u - v method. Verify the result
from u - v graph (Take 6 observations)
Formula :
To determine the focal length of the convex lens :
1. Distant - object method
1 1 1 1 1 1
      f  v  cm 
f u v  v v
uv
2. u - v method f   cm 
uv
where u = distance of the object from the lens (cm)
v = distance of the image from the lens (cm)
3. u - v graph method :

Taking u -values on x - axis and v - values on y - axis graph is a rectangular parabola.

OA  OB
f
4
Table :
Focal length
Object distance Image distance
uv
Sl. No. u v f
uv
(cm) (cm)
(cm)
1
2
3
4
5
6

2. Procedure :
1. Find focal length of the lens in distant-object method.
u - v method :
2. Place the wire mesh illuminated by candle infront of the lens at a distance greater than focal length of
the lens obtained by distant-object method and for clear transmitted image on the screen measure the
distance ‘u’ of the object and ‘v’ of the image from the optice centre of the lens.
3. Repeat the experiment 6 times increasing u in steps of 5 cm measure u and v calculated focal length
uv
as f  .
uv
u - v graph method :
4. As in formula plot u - v graph. Draw the line 450 with x-axis which intercept the graph at P. Draw
normal PA and PB on to x and Y axes respectively. Note : OA = OB = 2f and calculate the focal length
OA  OB
as f  .
4
5. Precautions :
1. Convex lens optic centre and object centre should be at the same height from the table.
2. The image formed should be clear.
45
Table :
To find local length of the convex lens (f)
Distant - object method focal length f = 25 cm
Object distance Image distance Focal length
Sl.
u v uv
No. f (cm)
(cm) (cm) uv
1 35 81 24.43
2 40 63 24.46
3 45 53 24.33
4 50 47.6 24.38
5 55 44 24.44
6 60 41 24.35

Calculation :
1. For u = 35 cm, v = 81 cm
uv  35  81 2835 log (2380) = 3.3766
f    24.43cm
uv 35  81 116 log (97.6) = 1.9894
log f = 3.3766 – 1.9894 = 1.3892
2. For u = 40 cm, v = 63 cm
f = 24.38
uv  40  63 2520
f    24.46cm log (2420) = 3.3838
uv 40  63 103
log(99) = 1.9956
3. For u = 45cm, v = 53 cm
log f = 1.3882
uv  45  53 2385 f = 24.44 cm
f    24.33cm
uv 45  53 98
log(2460) = 3.3909
4. For U = 50 cm, v = 47.6 cm log(101) = 2.0043
uv  50  47.6  2380 log f = 1.3866
f    24.38cm f = 24.35 cm
uv 50  47.6 97.6
5. For u = 55 cm, v = 44 cm
uv  55 44  2420
f    24.44cm
uv 55  44 99 log 97 = 1.9868
6. For u = 60 cm, v = 41 cm log 4 = 0.6021
log f = 1.3847
uv  60  41 2460 f = A(1.3847) = 24.25
f    24.35cm
uv 60  41 101
Average focal length of the convex lens
24.43  24.46  24.33  24.38  24.44  24.35 146.39
f   24.398cm
6 6
From u - v graph method :
OA = 48.5 cm, OB = 48.5 cm
OA  OB  48.5    48.5  97
f    24.25cm
4 4 4
Observations :
1. In Distant - object method object distance u =  . 2. In Distant - object mtehod f = 25 cm.
3. u - v graph is a rectangular hyperbola. 4. Image by convex lens is real and inverted.
Result :
Focal length of the convex lens in
1) u - v method f = 24.398 cm 2) u - v graph method f = 24.25 cm
both are nearly equal to each other.
46
Q.NO.23 Determine the focal length of the given convex lens by u - v method. Verify the result
1 1
with  graph. (Take 6 observations)
u v
Formula :
To determine the focal length of the convex lens :
1 1 1 1 1 1
1. Distant - object method       f  v  cm 
f u v  v v
uv
2. u - v method f   cm  where u = distance of the object from the mirror (cm)
uv
v = distance of the image from the mirror (cm)
1 1
3.  graph method :
u v

1 1
Taking values on x - axis and - values on y - axis graph is a straight line intersecting X and Y axes
u v
2
at A and respectively. f 
OA  OB
Table :
To find focal length of the convex lens (f)
Distant - object method focal length f = 25 cm
Object Image Focal length 1 1
Sl. distance distance uv u v
f
No. u v u v (cm-1) (cm-1)
(cm) (cm) (cm)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Procedure :
1. Find focal length of the lens in distant-object method.
u - v method :
2. Place the wire mesh illuminated by candle infront of the lens at a distance greater than focal length of the
lens obtained by distant-object method and for clear transmitted image on the screen measure the
distance ‘u’ of the object and ‘v’ of the image from the optic centre of the lens.
3. Repeat the experiment 6 times increasing u in steps of 5 cm measure u and v calculated focal length as
uv
f .
uv
1 1
 graph method :
u v
1 1 1 2
4. As in formula plot  graph. Note : OA = OB = and calculate the focal length as f  .
u v f OA  OB
Precautions :
1. Convex lens optic centre and object centre should be at the same height from the table.
2. The image formed should be clear.
47
Table :
To find local length of the convex lens (f)
Distant - object method focal length f = 25 cm
Object Image Focal length 1 1
Sl. distance distance u v
uv
No. u v f (cm) (cm -1) (cm -1)
(cm) (cm) uv
1 35 81 24.43 28.57 x 10 -3 12.34 x 10-3
2 40 63 24.46 25.00 x 10 -3 15.87 x 10-3
3 45 53 24.33 22.22 x 10 -3 18.86 x 10-3
4 50 47.6 24.38 20.00 x 10 -3 21.00 x 10-3
5 55 44 24.44 18.18 x 10 -3 22.72 x 10-3
6 60 41 24.35 16.16 x 10 -3 16.66 x 10-3

Calculation :
1. For u = 35 cm, v = 81 cm
uv  35  81 2835
f    24.43cm
uv 35  81 116
2. For u = 40 cm, v = 63 cm
uv  40  63 2520
f    24.46cm
uv 40  63 103
3. For u = 45cm, v = 53 cm
uv  45  53 2385
f    24.33cm
uv 45  53 98
4. For U = 50 cm, v = 47.6 cm
uv  50  47.6  2380
f    24.38cm
uv 50  47.6 97.6
5. For u = 55 cm, v = 44 cm
uv  55 44  2420
f    24.44cm
uv 55  44 99
6. For u = 60 cm, v = 41 cm
uv  60  41 2460
f    24.35cm
uv 60  41 101
Average focal length of the convex lens
24.43  24.46  24.33  24.38  24.44  24.35 146.39
f   24.398cm
6 6
1 1
From  graph method :
u v
OA = 41 x 10–3 cm–1, OB = 41 x 10–3 cm–1
2 2 2x103
f    24.39cm
OA  OB   
41  103  41  103 
82
Observations :
1. In Distant - object method object distance u =  . 2. In Distant - object mtehod f = 25 cm.
1 1
3.  graph is a straight line. 4. Image by convex lens is real and inverted.
u v
Result :
Focal length of the convex lens in 1) u - v method f = 24.398 cm
1 1
2)  graph method f = 24.25 cm both are nearly equal to each other.
u v

48
Q.NO.24 Find the focal length of the given convex lens by conjugate-foci method and verify the
result with the value obtained from u - v graph. (Take 6 observations)
Formula :
To find focal length of convex lens :
1 1 1 1 1 1
1. Distant - object method       f  v (cm)
f u v  v v

2  d 2
2. Conjugate - foci method : f 
4
where d = (L2 – L1) = displacement of the lens (cm)
 = distance between the object and screen (cm)
L1 = Magnified 1st position of the lens (cm)
L2 = magnified 2nd position of the lens (cm)
3. u - v graph method :

Taking u - values on x-axis and v-values on y - axis graph is a rectangular parabola.

OA  OB
f
4
Tables :
Table 1 : To plot u - v graph Distant - object method focal length f = 25 cm.

Sl. Object distance u Image distance v

No. (cm) (cm)

Table 2 : To find focal length of the convex lens Conjugate-foci method

Distant - object method focal length f = 25 cm

Reading on the scale for the Displacement Focal length

Distance (cm) of the lens 2  d2
Sl. No. between object f
1 position of 2nd position
st
d = L2 – L1 4
& screen 
the lens L1 of the lens L2 (cm) (cm)

49
Procedures :
1. Find focal length of the lens in distant-object method.
Conjugate – foci method :
2. Place the object and screen at seperation '  ' which is more than four times the focal length of the
lens.
3. Then move the lens placed in between object and screen slowly from the object towards the screen
until a clear ‘magnified’ image is formed on the screen. Note the position of the lens L1 from the image
on the scale.
4. Then move the lens further towards the screen until a clear, diminished image is formed on the
screen. Note the position of the lens L2 from the image on the scale.
5. Repeat the experiment 6 times increasing the value of  in steps of 2 measure L1 and L2 enter in
table.
2  d 2
6. The focal length ‘f’ of the lens can be calculated as f 
4
u-v graph method :
7. In u-v method measure u and v values, repeat the experiment 6 times increasing u in steps of 5cm.
8. As in formula plot u-v graph. Draw the line 450 with x-axis which intercept the graph at P. Draw
normals PA and PB on to X and Y axes respectively. Note OA = OB = 2f and calculate the focal length
OA  OB
as f 
4
Precautions :
1. Convex lens optic centre and object centre should be at the same height from the table.
2. The image formed should be clear.

50
 Tables :
Table 1 : To plot u - v graph Distant - object method focal length f = 25 cm.

Sl. Object distance u Image distance v

No. (cm) (cm)
1 35 81
2 40 63
3 45 53
4 50 47.6
5 55 44
6 60 41

Table 2 : To find focal length of the convex lens Conjugate-foci method

Distant - object method focal length f = 25 cm

Distance Reading on the scale for

between the (cm) Displacement Focal length
st of the lens
object & 1 2  d 2
Sl. No. 2nd position f
screen position d  L 2  L1 4
of the lens
 of the lens (cm) (cm)
L2
(cm) L1
1 105 38.40 66.50 28.10 24.36
2 107 37.50 69.50 32.00 24.38
3 109 37.50 73.20 35.70 24.32
4 111 36.50 74.50 38.00 24.49
5 113 36.00 78.50 42.50 24.25
6 115 34.40 80.00 44.60 24.42

Calculation :
2 2
2  d 2 105   28.1
2 10235.39
1. For  =105 cm, d = 28.1 cm f     24.36
4 4 105 420

2 2
 2  d 2 107    32.0 
2 10425.00
2. For  =107cm, d = 32.0 cm f     24.35
4 4 107  428

2 2
2  d 2 109    35.7 
2 10606.51
3. For  =109cm, d = 35.7 cm f     24.32
4 4 109  436

2 2
2 2  d 2 111   38.0  10877.00
4. For  =111cm, d = 38.0 cm f     24.49
4 4 111 444

2 2
2 2  d 2 113   42.5 10962.75
5. For  =113cm, d = 42.5 cm f     24.25
4 4 113 452

51
 2 2
2  d 2 115   44.6 
2 11235.84
6. For  =115 cm, d = 44.6 cm f     24.42
4 4 115 460

24.36  24.35  24.32  24.49  24.25  24.42 146.19

Average f    24.365
6 6
From u - v graph method : OA = 48.5 cm, OB = 48.5 cm
OA  OB  48.5    48.5  97
f    24.25cm
4 4 4
5. Results : log (10235.39) = 4.0101
Focal length of the convex lens in log (420) = 2.6232
log f = 1.3869
1) Conjugate -foci method f = 25 cm
f = A(1.3869) = 24.36
2) u - v graph method f = 25 cm
both are nearly equal to each other. log (10425) = 4.0181
log (436) = 2.6314
log f = 4.0181 – 2.6314 = 1.3867
f = 24.35

log (10606.51) = 4.0256

log (436) = 2.6395
log (f) = 1.3867
f = 24.32

log (10877.06) = 4.0365

log (444) = 2.6474
log f = 4.0365 – 2.6474 = 1.3891
f = 24.49

log (10962.75) = 4.0399

log (452) = 2.6551
log f = 4.0399 – 2.6551 = 1.3848

log (11235.84) = 4.0506

log (460) = 2.6628
log f = 1.3878

log (146.19) = 2.1649

log 6 = 0.7782

log f = 2.1649 – 07782 = 1.3867

log f = 24.32

log(97) = 1.9868
log 4 = 0.6021
log f = 1.3847
f = 24.25

52
Q.NO.25 Draw i-d curve and find the refractive index of the material of the given prism. (Given
t hat t he angle of t he pr ism, A = 600)
Formula :
Refractive index of prism
 A  Dm 
sin  
  2  (no unit)
A
sin  
2
Where A = Angle of prism (600)
Dm = Angle of minimum deviation (degree)
i - d curve :

Take angle of incidence i on X-axis and angle of deviation D on y - axis is parabola. From i-d curve
angle of minimum deviation is measured.
Table : To find angle of minimum deviation Dm.

Incident Angle Angle of deviation

Sl.
(i) (d)
No.
(degree) (degree)

Procedure :
1. A plane paper is fixed on the drawing board, given prism is placed on the paper shape of prism
ABC is drawn.
2. On AB plane normal N is drawn.
3. A line is drawn with an angle i = 300 from normal and P, Q pins are fixed on the line of incidence.
4. The pins are viewed from AC surface R, S pins are fixed on the same straight line of PQ.
5. Now prism is removed and PQ and RS lines are extended. They intersect at T.
6. At T the angle between PQT and RS as angle of deviation d.
7. Experiment is repeated for different incident angles i.e., 350, 400, 450, 500, 550 and angle of deviation
is measured.
8. Dm is measured from i - d curve.
9. Refractive index of prism is calculated as
 A  Dm 
sin  
  2 
A
sin  
2
5. Precautions :
1. The same prism is used for all the observations. 2. Pins must be fixed vertically.

53
Table :
Tables : To find angle of minimum deviation Dm.

Incident Angle Angle of deviation

Sl.
(i) (d)
No.
(degree) (degree)
1 300 45 0
2 350 41 0
3 400 39 0
4 450 38 0
5 500 39 0
6 550 40 0

log  = log 2 + log 0.7547

Calculation : = 0.3010 – 0.1222
When A = 600, log  = 0.1788
 = An (0.1788) = 1.5094

 A  Dm  sin
    
 600  380

sin    2 
 2    sin  49 

A  600  =  2   0.7547   1.5094 no unit
sin   sin   1/ 2
2  2 

Observations :
1. Angle of prism A = 600
2. Angle of minimum deviations Dm = 380
3. i - d curve is parabola.
4. Angle of incidents are 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550.

Result :
Refractive index of prism   1.5094  no unit  .

54
Q.NO.26 Draw i-d curve and determine the angle of Prism (A) ossuming the refractive index of the
material of the prism,   1.5 .
Formula :
  Dm  
 sin  2  
A  2 tan 1      deg ree 
1. Angle of the prism   Dm 
   cos  2 


where  = refractive index of Prism = 1.5
2. i - d curve :

Take angle of incidence 1 on X-axis and angle of deviation d on Y-axis is parabola. From i-d curve
angle of minimum deviation is measured.
Table : To find angle of minimum deviation Dm
Incident Angle Angle of deviation
Sl.
(i) (d)
No.
(degree) (degree)

Procedure :
1. A plane paper is fixed on the drawing board, given prism is placed on the paper shape of prism
ABC is drawn.
2. On AB plane normal N is drawn.
3. A line drawn with an angle i = 300 from normal and P, Q pins are fixed on the line of incidence.
4. The pins are viewed from from AC surface R, S pins are fixed on the same straight line of PQ.
5. Now prism is removed and PQ and RS lines are extended. They intersect at T.
6. At T an angle between PQT and RS as angle of deviation d.
7. Experiment is repeated for different incident angles i.e., 350, 400, 450, 500, 550 and angle of deviation
is measured.
8. Dm is measured from i - d curve.
  Dm  
 sin  2  
1  
9. Angle of prism A is calculated as A  2 tan  
 Dm 
   cos  2 


Precautions :
1. The same prism is used for all the observations.
2. Pins must be fixed vertically.
55
Table :
Table : To find angle of minimum deviation Dm

Incident Angle Angle of deviation

Sl.
(i) (d)
No.
(degree) (degree)
1 300 45 0
2 350 41 0
3 400 39 0
4 450 38 0
5 500 39 0
6 550 40 0

log A = log 2 + log 30.42

Calculation : = 0.3010 + 1.4832 = 1.7842
When  =1.5, A value A = Anti (1.7842) = 60.84

  Dm     38  
 sin  2    sin  2  
A  2 tan 1     2 tan 1     1  sin 19  
 D
 m  = 1.5  cos  38   = 2 tan 1.5  cos 19  
   cos  2     
    2 

1 0.3256  1  0.3256 

= 2 tan  = 2 tan  = 2 tan 1  0.5879  =2(30.42) = 60.84
1.5  0.9455   0.5545 
Observations :
1. Refractive index of prism   1.5 (no unit).
2. Angle of minimum deviations Dm = 380.
3. i - d curve is parabola.
4. Angle of incidents are 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550.

Result :
Angle of the prism A = 60.84

56