NAME: Chaitanya Ramdas Dhongade

STD: DIV: PCMB ROLL NO.: 15621418

sUBJECT: Physics (Practica)
INDE X
DATE OF DATE OF
SR.
NO. EXPERIMENT PAGE EXPERIMENT SUBMISSION REMARKS
I. To findthefocal length ot convex |-32-o -2019o4 -ot-2019
4-6
lens....plotting graph b/w t &o
2. To find the value ot v for 4-6
diff value otu and find focallength q-o-2019|| - o} -2019
B.To draw the I-Vcharacteristic 7-10
cunve ot o p-n junction in forward
bias and reverse blos. |G-07-2014
4.To draw characteristic Curve sta |-14
Rener díode and to detemnine
its reverse breas down voltage 8-08-20i9 10- O8-20|4
5 7o determine resistance per cm ota
T5 -18|3- 08- 20(q |S-08- 20|9
given wire by plotting gvaph o V/t
Go find resistance ót qiven wire
using metre bidge &determine |1Q-22| 20 -08-2019 22-08-209
To verífy laws6t combincti on
uaing a metre bridge. 23-25|2-08-201q24-D8-2019
vesistance
To determine the íntemal ot qiven
primany cell using potetiometer 26-28|3-09- 2orq OT-04-0|9
To determine the resistance sf
galvanometer by Half deFlection I0-09 -2o1| l2-09 -20|4
method andfind its meit
Tonvert the given Galvanometer
into an ammeter and votmeter |4-09-2019|19 -4-20|q
ot desied range &to venty the same32-36
 INDEX
DATE OF DATE OF
SR.
NO.ACTIVITIES) EXPERIMENT PAGE EXPERIMENT SUBMISSION REMARk
1.Verificatio &iter pretation of 12-1| -2019 13-I|-2019
tuth tatble for vorious logic qates 40-43
. To assemble a house hold cirCt |44-45] l9-|-2014 2|-1|-2 o1
3. To assemble the components ot 46-47
ohm law ciruits. 26--20|9 |24-||-2019
To draw digram ot given circuit. 48
Mark tne components which are
improper & correct the circit 3-12-2ol9 4-12-2019
5 To observe diffraction ot igt I44-50
due to othin slit bw shap
edges ot razor blade 1-12-20|9 14-12-2019

Experiments CContd)
|.ind focas length ot a cou veX OS-10-2019 |0-10-2o 19
miroY using Convex lens
12. Find foca) length st concave lens 24-|2-20|9 20-12- 2014
with the nelp ot tonvex lens .
l5 To determine angle otminimu m Oj--0|- 20 20 ol- o|-2oD0
deviatton for gien prism....
l4 To find refractive fn dex st a liquld 02-0-2020 02- 21-020
using plane wmiYroY &convex lens
J5 Tofind thefrequency otA.c 3-01-2020 3-o|-2020
mais with Sonometer
 Page No.:
KPT. NAME:
O.4 Experiment No.

OBJECTIVE 8 To find the focal length of a Convex lens

by plotting qra ph between u &v or between

APPARATUS 9 Ap optical þench with thewm upright .

lens wrth lens holder,two optical needles
a knitinq needle &a half metre sca le

THEORY The relation between u,v & f for. convex

where
f- focol length of convex length.
u - dístance ot object needle from optical
centre of ens.
v- distance of iwmage needle from optical
centre otthe lens.
 EXPT NAME:
NO. Page No.:

OBSERVATION euth tl tentth

Sr Position of Observed distan ce

8 2UTAAATIA Object Lens Image

29tb93rt Iooldgo owt.19blod 2019 otio 2091 Need le(A) ( needle() OL=
Cem) (cm) Cem)
Calculation -Cu- gropb 9.5cm 134. 1 cn 163c 24.8 cn O.036c

Ou drawinq a 45°stiëiglu line ti Cuve from origln OIHT

lntersectiou point oill be A(2f, 2f) gs1 82.3 cm a.3 128.3 cm 18 cm 0.0362n
from graph above
A( 20.2,20, 5) v=20.9 B3.5crn O.0714 cn
u= -20.9

80 cm o7.5cm 125.0 cm 7.6 c 175crm |0.03G3cm o.0S71 cr

90.2
2091yave )o0.8cm24.8em l44.8 cm 22.8 m 20.2cm o.038cmo.043

202 20.2
g4. 4cm|02.9c L28-5 18.8 cm
23.6 cm O-058I cm0.0432 co
Results The focal length sf qiven convex lens
= f = 20.2
90.9
f=l0.Jcm as determined from
L. Cu-v) qraph 10.| cm
qraph = lo.5 cm
A
3.0
 Page No
EXPT. NAME:
NO.

PRECAUTIONS 8I. Tip of the object &image needles shouid

Calculations ’ (forL-L graph
From the qraph ahave L intercept u t întercept ofare
(o.05,0, 045)
intercept =0.oG cm
So Fos foral lenqtu
ie at the Same height as the centre of
the lens.
2. Pralloax should be removed from tip to tip
by keeping eye at distance at least 30cm
away from the need le.
3.The object need ie should be placed at such
a distane that only real ,inverted of it is
formed
4. Index Correction for u & v shou ld be
pointA)
applied
futercept = o.045 cw

O.045 -(-o.0s)

|0, Gem
 Page No.:
EXPT. NAME:
NO.2 Experiment No.2

Objective : To find the value ofvfor different values ot u în

Case of a concave mirror and to ind foca| lenqth.

Apparatus : An optical bench with three upriqhts , concave

Required mirror, a mirror holder,two optical needles
knittinq needle and a half mnetre rula

Theory : Formula Used :

f
or f uV

where,
f - focal length ot concave mirror
- dis tance ot object needle from pole ot the
miror
V- distane ot image needle from pole d
the mirror.
 Page No.: 6
EXPT. NAME
NO.

OBSERVATION6

Sr. Distance focal lest

NO Object Lmage
(u) Ccm)

40.2cm 0-04IGCm 0.0248 (m' 1S:02 Cht

35.4 (n 00282 cm 1S.03 Cm

3. 30 Cm O. 032 (m

4. 32 Cm 28.2 Cwn O.0354 cm

5 34 Cn o.0244 ( o.0374 Cm |4. 45 c

RESULTS 8 Focal length ot a given concave miror

determined from
HOHO
) lu-) qraph : |5. 45cm

i)-)qraph : 15.8cm
5
) (u-v) qraph ISO8 cm

youv
Teacher's Signature:
 ON

Calculations :

(u-y = drawing a 45° fine trom origin to

for g1apn I cof,'9f) i
point o intersec hio will be
CUrve,
thus A(24.8, 37)

overage = 24.8+37 (uav)

GI.3
= 30,9

af =30.9
f- 15.45 cm
z inteTcept -’ (o.oGl,o)
întercept (0, o. d6G)
from miYO fo mula

- 0 Hhus 1-0. oG1 f= l6.5 cn

(
wnen =o)
Calculations
meanf- lG.54 15.|
moan focal length
15.8cm
5.02 +15.03 H4.41 I.84 +|4.95
5
 Page No.:
EXPT. NAME:
NO.

PRECAUTIONS . Principal axis of the miror should be

horizontal and parallel to the central
line of the optical bench
vertical.
2. The uprights should be
should be removed.
3. Tìp to Tip parallax
Should
4. Index correction for u and v
be applied
S To locate the pos ot image the eYe
Should be at least 30 cm away From
the need le

1(U) cm

youvA Teacher's Signature:

EXPT. NAME: Page No.:
NO.Z Experiment No.3

OBJECTIVE: To draw the I-V characteristic curve otapn

junciou jn foYward-bias and reverse bias.

APPARATUS A p-n junction (Semi-Conductor) diode, a 3 volt

ba ttery,a z0vott battery ,a high resistan ce
rheostat, one 0-3 volt voltmeler, o-30v VolItmeter,
one o-l0OmA ammeter, one o-00 UA ammeter,
one way key, conne ctinguwire &pieces dt sand
pape.

THEORY Torward-bias on junction -

It produces forward curent With increase in bias
voltage, the forward curent increases stooly în
the beginning and then ra pidly. At about 9.4V,
the cuTenF increases Suddenly. The bias is at opce
made zero to avoid damage to the diode.

Reverse -bias on juntion:

In the beqinning no appreci able reverse curen t
flows. At about 5V a feeble curent starts
flowing.witth increase in bias voltage , the curent
slowly increases . At about 25V the reverse current
increases suddenly Agun the the bias
b is made Zero
to avoid damage

youv
(alcutations ’ trom grap
AVE = ).4 -2.0 = o.4V
AIr= 30 -20= 10 mA
bio s
7huc juncio 'resistanie foY fowoYd-
AVT (from ohm law)

40 ohms
10 mA
OBSERVATIONS: a) For forward - bias
Range of voltmeter
least count ot Voltmeter - 0.1\
Range oh milliommeter B0mA
Least cou nt o mill anmmeer: 0.f mA

Sr. No. of Obs Forward -biac Voltage Forword Current

V(v) Ir (mA)
|.
2.

3.
4.
O.4 0.S
6
05
O.6

0.7 3
4. 5

l0. 0.9 +.5

12.
13. 2.0 20

14. 2.2

15. 2.4 30.

 3B20

Calculations > fom q3aph (b)

AV = .0- S.0

luA- x107A
S0,frorm ohms law
AIe ohns
NAME: Page No.:

b) For reverse-bias
Range ot Voltmeter 30v
Least count ovoltmeter- lv
Range ol micrO-o mmeter -30UA
least Counts mio-ammetr 0-ruA

Sr.No. ot obs Reverse current

Reverse-bias Voltoqe
Ve cv) Ie (4A)

5.0
7.0

q.0 3

||.0
13.0 6

1S.0
|7.0

(4. O
|3
23.0

|2 Q5.0

Teacher's Signature:
 Page No.: |D
T. NAME:

RESULTS 8 Junctiou resistance for forward-bias = 40 ohms

Junction resistnce for reverse -bias = x1o ohms

PRECAUTION S 1. A he cohne ctions should be heat,cean & tght

9. Keyshould be used in ivcut and opened when
the circuut is not being used.
3.ForwNord -bía s voltage bevond breakdown shbould
not be applíed.
4.Reverse bias voltag e beyond breakdown should
not be applied.