INSTITUTE OF PHILIPPINE CULTURE’S STUDY ON PHILIPPINE VALUES

The diverse definitions of values from anthropological and sociological perspectives. sJohn
Macionis defines values as culturally defined standards for evaluating prestige, goodness, and
attractivenes. Other scholars, such as Jaime Bulatao and Hunt et al., emphasize values as positive
attitudes, motivational goals, and important behavior motivators. Fr. Frank Lynch sees values as
decision-making standards or goals. In the context of the Philippines, Filipino values are shaped
by historical, traditional, and societal factors. Lynch notes variations in individual values based
on social ranking. While some Filipino values are distinct, Lynch argues that they share common
elements with the total value systems of other societies. Filipino values are categorized into
themes, reflecting desirable conditions of human existence.
These are values that aim to attain a good life. These include are the following:
1. Acceptance by one’s fellow for what one is, thinks oneself to be, or would like to be, and
be given the treatment due to one’s station;
2. Economic security (e.g. freedom from debt)
3. Movement to higher socioeconomic ladder

Social acceptance is an important Filipino value. Two values help attain social acceptance. These
are (1) smoothness of interpersonal relations (SIR) and (2) shame and self-esteem or amor
propio.

The concept of Smooth Interpersonal Relations (SIR) in Filipino culture revolves around three
aspects: Pakikisama (Go along), Go between, and Euphemism. Pakikisama emphasizes the
Filipino preference for group harmony over individual happiness, often hindering open
expression of thoughts and emotions. Going between involves the need for a mediator to avoid
direct confrontations and is driven by the fear of inadequacy. Euphemism, reframing unpleasant
ideas, is valued for its consideration of others' emotions but limits the sharpness of expression.
These aspects reflect the complex nature of Filipino personalities, presenting both positive and
negative consequences. While acknowledging this complexity, the author encourages deeper
self-exploration for a more authentic presentation to the world.

John Macionis