Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1.1. Introduction
Filipino psychology has emerged. There was this need of the Filipino people to
explain concepts in psychology in terms appropriate and representative of the Filipino
culture and traditions. Thus in 1970’s, a concerted effort to address colonial psychology
in the form of Filipino Psychology took place.
1.2 Discussion
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to Filipinos.
1. Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas
2. Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino
3. Sikolohiyang Pilipino
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Halimbawa: Ang Pilipinas ay binubuo ng iba’t ibang pangkat etniko kung saan
may kanya-kanyang nakaugaliang mga kultura kung kaya’t itong nagkakaiba’t-ibang
pangkat etniko ng Pilipinas ay ang bumubuo sa tinutukoy na Sikolohiya ng mga
Pilipino.
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
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6. Confrontative surface values w.veem.com/library/how-hiya-can-make-or-break-
your-business-in-the-philippines/
https://www.sbs.com.au/language/english/audio/h
ow-your-filipino-values-can-affect-your-mental-
health
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7. Societal values
https://uplbperspective.org/2020/05/02/pagkayod-
at-pakikibaka/health
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➢ Indigenization-from-without
o This approach is based on the search of local equivalents for the assumed
universal psychological concepts or the contextualization of imported
methods and techniques, and tools and instruments.
➢ indigenization-from-within.
o Which means looking for the indigenous psychology from within the culture itself
and not just clothing a foreign body with a local dress
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with the birth of scientific psychology (German tradition) in 1876, and the entry
of Western psychology (mainly American tradition) at Philippine universities.
• Indirect Communication
Another aspect of Filipino personality that was given attention by the Sikolohiyang
Pilipino perspective is the propensity for indirect communication. Part of our
socialization is being sensitive to non-verbal cues, having concern for the feelings of
others, being truthful but not at the expense of hurting others’ feelings. This has made
the sharpening of pakikiramdam.
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• Internal-External Reality
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Enriquez (1992) also explored the idea of a ‘‘great cultural divide’’ in the
analysis of Filipino personality.
o On one side of the cultural divide are Filipinos who have maintained a more
mass-oriented worldview, culture, and way of life. They read the komiks
(popular illustrated magazines in Filipino), listen to soap operas on radio, watch
soap operas on television, and so on. They visit the indigenous healers for both
physical and mental or emotional ailments.
o On the other side of the cultural divide are the Filipinos who have adhered to a
more elitist viewpoint. They go to performances in cultural centres and theatres.
They look down on people on the other side of the divide.
“Not only do the poor eat different food, if they eat at all, but they also have their own
tastes in leisure and entertainment. They are supposed to be bakya or ‘lacking in
sophistication’ (bakya refers to the traditional wooden clogs, popular among the masses
who cannot afford expensive shoes). In fact, they have their own culture and speak their
own language. While the elite speak English and occasionally throw in some French for
comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional language’’ (Enriquez, 1992, p.
22).”
Thus, it is not regionalism which divides the Filipinos. (In fact the authors believe
that regionalism is a myth, woven to sow disunity among Filipinos.) It is in the cultural
aspect where we witness a disparity. The concept of a great cultural divide is a legacy
which Enriquez has left behind, food for serious thought, for both academician and
layman alike.
• In the area of Filipino Personality, Enriquez, together with PPRH, developed the
Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) (Measure of Character and Personality) in 1975
which utilized dimensions of personality that are relevant to Filipinos. While
psychological testing is of Western origin, the substance of the PUP originated from
an understanding of the Filipinos. The test administration procedures were also
adapted to Filipino ways (Enriquez & Guanzon, 1985). It must be noted that
Enriquez’s PUP and three other examples of Philippine personality measures may
actually have cross-cultural similarities in the dimensions they measure (Guanzon-
Lapen˜a, Church, Carlota, & Katigbak, 1998). Filipino personality test development
efforts have in fact come a long way, as can be seen in the history of psychological
measurement in the Philippines.
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the dearth of locally developed tests (Carlota, 1980; Guanzon, 1985; Lazo, 1977; Lazo,
de Jesus & Tiglao, 1976; Ramos, 1977). Carlota (1980) noted several trends in
personality measurement, citing developments in the areas of personality testing,
and the measurement of abilities and aptitudes, and of deviant behavior.
• And in the 1990s, tests were developed to measure a wide variety of Filipino
characteristics – katalinuhan [intelligence], pagkarelihiyoso [religiosity], kaasalang
sekswal [sexual behavior], kakayahang magdala ng tensyon [ability to handle
stress], pagkamabahala [anxiety], kahustuhang emosyonal [emotional stability],
kakayahang berbal sa Filipino [verbal ability in Filipino], Filipino management style,
dementia screening, empathy, and trustworthiness, to name a few’’ (Cipres-Ortega
& Guanzon-Lapen˜a, 1997) 9
• In the history of Philippine psychological measurement, Enriquez’s Panukat ng
Ugali at Pagkatao clearly stands out as one of the first, if not the first, instruments
that are culturally sensitive in its assessment of the Filipino personality. 1
2
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Assessment No.1
Name: __________________________ Year & Section ___________ Date:
______
Instructor: _______________________
1.3 References
1.4 Acknowledgment
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The images, tables, figures and information contained in this module were taken
from the references cited above and google.com.
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2.1. Introduction
The Filipinos’ behavior patterns have long been understood in the light of
Western theories, principles and methodologies. Now Filipino Psychologists have been
trying to emphasize that there seems to be methodologies and approaches
inappropriate for Filipinos due to the difference in its cultural context and orientation.
These concepts will be discussed in this chapter in a more detailed manner.
2.2. Discussion
➢ Tao sa bahay - madalas na ating ginagawa dahil ito ay hindi na kailangang kusain,
pag-isipan o sadyain. Ang mga taong napapadaan o bisita ay maaari rin nating
matawag na tao sa bahay.
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➢ Taumbahay - higit na malalim ito kumpara sa mga nauna. Ito ang mga taong
talagang nakatira sa loob ng bahay.
➢ Isang dayuhang dumalaw sa Pinas na nagsabing, “Wala namang ginagawa ang mga
Psychologists sa Pilipinas, ah.”
➢ “Psychology of, for , and by Filipinos” ang kanilang mambabasa ay hindi mga
Pilipino sapagkat 6.05 dollars ang halaga. Ang sabi sa pahina 57, “Filipino
psychologists have made only minimal direct contributions to the understanding of
their own society.”
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Ayon kay Cronbach (1975) mahahati ang sikolohiya sa dalawang disiplina at ang
mga disiplinang ito ay alinsunod sa kung alin ang binibigyang-diin:
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Ayon kay Watson (1968) , ang mga ito ay “preskripsyon” sa sikolohiya ngunit
ayon kay Virgilio Enriquez, ito raw ay isang isyu. May mga tapat na sikolohista na ang
sikolohiya ay isang unibersal kaya naman may mga nag-iisip na ang Sikolohiang
Pilipino ay isang anti-unibersal. Ngunit ito ay kapos sa batayan dahil sikolohiyang
unibersal ang tunguhin ng sikolohiyang Pilipino sa kanyang pag-uugat sa partikular na
karanasang Pilipino.
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1. Ang mga tao ay tinitingnan bilang isang individual, hiwalay sa kanyang Paligid
(Microscopiv view)
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➢ Dahil sa kaisipan na ito, ginagamit ang teoryang banyaga upang ipaliwanag ang
karanasan ng mga Pilipino
➢ Kung sino ang sumusutento ng pananaliksik, siya ang umaani ng mga resulta
➢ Ginagamit din ang Sikolohiya upang sirain ang anumang protesta (=pagaalboroto)
at intelektwal na panunuri (=baliw), nagmimistulang “sandata”ang sikolohiya para
sa iilan
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agad-agad na ang teoryang ito ay angkop sa mga Pilipino samantalang wala ni isang
Pilipinong nakasama sa pagbuo ng teoryang ito.
➢ Panahon ng mga ninuno natin – katalonan, babylan, arbolaryo atbp. Ang kamalayan
ay kaisipan ng mga unang panahon at hanggang sa kasalukuyang ay naghihintay
na matuklasan at masuri
➢ Iba ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino, iba ang ating kultura, iba ang karanasang nakuha
natin sa pagiging bansa sa ikatlong daigdig, at iba ang kasaysayan at kamulatan
Ang karanasan ng mga Pilipino ay mas malapit sa karanasan ng mga tao sa mga
bansang Asyano ay ikatlong daigdig
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Assessment No. 2
Name: __________________________ Year & Section ___________
Date: ______
Instructor: ________________________________________
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2.3 References
Pe-Pua, R. (1982).Filipino Psychology: Theory, Method and Application (2nd edition).
Quezon City: Philippine Psychology Research and Training House.
2.4 Acknowledgment
The iages, tables, figures and information contained in this module were taken
from the references cited above and google.com.
C. M. D. Hamo-ay