20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

CUSTOMER: ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER

CORPORATION

20/25 MVA, 132/33kV TRAFO.

PROTECTION RELAY SETTING CALCULATIONS

20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

Protection adopted for 20/25MVA, 132/33kV Trafo.

S.no Protection type IED Panel

1 Differential Protection, 87T RET670

2 Directional O/C Protection on 132kV side, 67

REX521 E06
3 Directional E/F Protection on 132kV side, 67N
+R
4 Non-directional E/F Protection on 132kV side, 51N REF610

5 Non-directional E/F Protection on 33kV side, 51N REF610

Other Devices

S.no Type IED Panel

E06
1 Automatic Voltage Regulator Tapcon 230
+W

Transformer Data

HV side LV side

V I MVA V I MVA
Rating
132KV 109.4 25 33KV 437.4 25

CT Ratio for 87T 150/1 600/1

CT Ratio for O/C and EF 150/1 600/1

150/1 100/5
CT Ratio for 51NS

Vector Group YNd11

%impedance 10.5%
20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

1. Differential Protection, 87T(RET670)

The protection settings to be set in the IEDs:

Calculations:

Parameter Calculations

IDiffAlarm 20% of Ibase is allowing as differential current, by considering CT error, Tap

position change and Magnetizing current for alarm.
IdMin With a margin 30% is considered for tripping.

Through fault current = (Rated MVA*100*1000)/(1.732*%Z*rated kV)

= (25*100*1000)/(1.732*10.5*132)
= 1041.40A
IdUnre Which is 9.52 times the rated current(109.4A)
Hence with a margin IdUnre is set 10 times the base current.(which is
typically acceptable for most of the standard power transformer applications )This value
need to be
adjusted based on Max possible value of Trafo inrush current.

Note: 1. The above graph can be taken as the reference for Operating characteristics

Note: 2. Remaining parameters are default values only.

20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

Basic general settings for the T2WPDIF_87T (T2D1-) function

Recommended
Parameter Range Step Unit Description
Settings
Rated voltage of trans-former winding 1 (HV
RatedVoltageW1 0.05 - 2000.00 0.05 132 kV
winding) in Kv

RatedVoltageW2 0.05 - 2000.00 0.05 33 kV Rated voltage of trans-former winding 2 in kV

Rated current of trans-former winding 1 (HV

RatedCurrentW1 1 – 99999 1 109 A
winding) in A

Rated current of trans-former winding 2 (LV

RatedCurrentW2 1 – 99999 1 437.4 A
winding) in A

ConnectTypeW1 WYE (Y) - WYE (Y) - Connection type of wind-ing 1: Y-wye or D-delta
DELTA (D)
ConnectTypeW2 WYE (Y) - DELTA(D) - Connection type of wind-ing 1: Y-wye or D-delta
DELTA (D)
0 [0 deg] 1 [30
deg lag] 2 [60
deg lag] 3 [90
deg lag] 4
[120
deg lag] 5
[150
deg lag] 6
[180 11 [30 lead
ClockNumberW2 deg] 7 [150 Phase displacement between W2 & W1=HV
- deg] -
winding,
deg
hour notation
lead] 8 [120
deg
lead] 9 [90
deg
lead] 10 [60
deg
lead] 11 [30
deg
lead]
Enable zer. seq. current subtraction for W1 side,
ZSCurrSubtrW1 Off ON ON
On / Off
Enable zer. seq. current subtraction for W2 side,
ZSCurrSubtrW2 Off ON ON
On / Off
Two CT inputs (T-con-fig.) for winding 1, YES /
TconfigForW1 No Yes No
NO
1 150 A CT primary rating in A, T-branch 1, on transf. W1
CT1RatingW1 1 - 99999
side
1 150 A CT primary rating in A, T-branch 2, on transf. W1
CT2RatingW1 1 - 99999
side
20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

Two CT inputs (T-con-fig.) for winding 2, YES /

TconfigForW2 No Yes No
NO
1 600 A CT primary rating in A, T-branch 1, on transf. W2
CT1RatingW2 1 - 99999
side
1 600 A CT primary rating in A, T-branch 2, on transf. W2
CT2RatingW2 1 - 99999
side

Basic general settings for the T2WPDIF_87T (T2D1-) function

Recommended
Parameter Range Step Unit Description
Settings
Operation Off / ON On Operation Off / On

SOTFMode Off / ON Off

Operation mode for switch onto fault
tAlarmDelay 0.000 - 60.000 0.001 10.000 S Time delay for diff cur-rents alarm level

IDiffAlarm 5 – 100 1 20 %IB

Diff. current alarm pickup level set as % of
W1 base current
Sust. dif. cur. alarm; mul-tiple of Winding 1
IdMin 0.10 – 0.60 0.01 0.3 IB
rated current
End of section 1, multi-ple of Winding 1
EndSection1 0.20 – 1.50 0.01 1.25 IB
rated current
End of section 2, multi-ple of Winding 1
EndSection2 1.00 - 10.00 0.01 3.00 IB
rated current
Slope in section 2 of operate-restrain
SlopeSection2 10.0 - 50.0 0.1 40.0 %
charac-teristic, in %
Slope in section 3 of operate-restrain
SlopeSection3 30.0 - 100.0 0.1 80.0 %
charac-teristic, in %
Unrestr. prot. limit, multi-ple of Winding 1
IdUnre 1.00 - 50.00 0.01 10.00 IB
rated current
Max. ratio of 2nd harm. to fundamental
I2/I1Ratio 5.0 - 100.0 1.0 20.0 %
harm dif. curr. in %
Max. ratio of 5th harm. to fundamental
I5/I1Ratio 5.0 - 100.0 1.0 30.0 %
harm dif. curr. in %
Operation Off/On for cross-block logic
CrossBlockEn Off ON ON
between phases
Operation Off/On for neg. seq. differential
NegSeqDiffEn Off ON Off
protec-tions
Neg. seq. curr. must be higher than this
IMinNegSeq 0.02 – 0.20 0.01 0.04 IB
level to be used
Operate Angle for int. / ext. neg. seq. fault
NegSeqROA 30.0 - 120.0 0.1 60.0 Deg
dis-criminator
Open CT detection fea-ture. Open
OpenCTEnable Off / ON Off
CTEnable Off/On
Open CT: time in s to alarm after an open
OCTAlarmDelay 0.100 - 10.000 0.001 3.000 s
CT is detected
Reset delay in s. After delay, diff. function
tOCTResetDelay 0.100 - 10.000 0.001 0.250 s
is activated
Unrestrained diff. protec-tion blocked after
tOCTUnrstDelay 0.10 - 6000.00 0.01 10.00 s
this delay, in s
Note: Actual CTR and the system parameters to be checked in the IEDs Analogue Input settings.
20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

2. Directional O/C Protection, 67(REX521)

The Over current function to be set:

Full Load Current =109 A
The over current to be set 110% of the full load current of the machine:
PMS = 110% of the base value.
Over current protection (67) has been set at 110% of CT ratio with TMS of 0.05(IEC Normal inverse); TMS has
to be coordinated with the downstream settings.

Instantaneous stage (50) has been set for 3.58 times of the CT rated current. This has been set for 80% of the
given 3-ph max fault current, that is 673A.

Calculations :
As per the given data, Rated current 109A, CT ratio is 150/1A
The relationship between current and time on the standard curves complies with the standard IEC 60255-
3 and can generally be expressed as:

t = operating time in seconds

k = settable inverse time factor
I = measured current value
I> = set current value.
α = index characterizing the algebraic function
β = constant characterizing the relay

Calculations:
As per the given inputs, Max 3-ph fault current = 0.673 kA
Assumed the trip time is 0.2S at Max fault current of 0.673 kA
IEC normal inverse has been set for 67. For IEC normal inverse α = 0.02 and β = 0.14
Operating time t = 0.2sec

By using the formula

t = 0.2sec
20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

α = 0.02
β = 0.14
I> = 1.1 times the rated current(Assumed 110% of rated current)
= 120A that is 120/150 = 0.8, 80% of CT rated current.
I = 0.673 kA
Calculated TMS (k) by using above formula, k= 0.0501, hence 0.05 has been set.

Selection of “I> Basic Angle b”

For a fault on the distribution line, the voltage will be approximately leading of +45o with regard to the phase
fault current.
Basic Angle b=450
Note: IEC Normal inverse curve characteristics has been set, TMS (k1) should be coordinated with
downstream settings to avoid mal-operations.

Function block: 3I>--> Three phase directional over-current protection

FB Name: DOC6Low
ANSI Code: 67
Setting group 1
Recommended
Parameter Range Unit Description
Settings

Selection of operation
Operation mode 1) - 8) - Normal Inverse mode and inversetime
characteristic
Start current 0.05...40.00 x In 0.8 Start current
Operate time at DT
Operate time 0.05...300.00 S 1.21(NA)
mode
Time multiplier k in
Time multiplier 0.05...1.00 - 0.05
IDMT mode
Basic angle b 0-90o S 45 degrees
Forward Selection of direction
Oper direction - Forward
Reverse for operation
Enabled/ Selection EF
Earth fault protection - Disabled1)
Disabled protection

Note: 1) Not in use 2) Definite time 3) Extremely inverse 4) Very inverse 5) Normal inverse
6) Long time inverse 7) RI-type inverse 8) RD-type inverse
1) Separate block is used for earth fault protection, hence is disabled
20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

Control settings
Recommended
Parameter Range Unit Description
Settings

Selection of analog
Measuring mode1) Mode:1 to 4 - Mode:2
signals

Resetting time of the

Drop-off time 0...1000 Ms 0 operate time counter
at DT mode
Group 1-Group Selection of the active
Group selection - Group 1
2 group setting

NOTE - 1) Mode:1 Phase - phase voltages/Peak to peak currents

Mode:2 Phase - phase voltages/Fund frequency measurements
Mode:3 Phase - earth voltages/Peak to peak currents
Mode:4 Phase - earth voltages/Fund frequency measurements

3. Directional E/F Protection, 67N(REX521)

Earth fault protection (67N) has been set at 20% of the rated current with TMS of 0.1(IEC Normal
inverse); TMS has to be coordinated with the downstream settings.
Calculations :
Assumed, CT ratio adopted is 150/1A, Rated current is 150A (assumed).
The relationship between current and time on the standard curves complies with the standard IEC
60255-3 and can generally be expressed as:

t = operating time in seconds

k = settable inverse time factor
I = measured current value
I> = set current value.
α = index characterizing the algebraic function
β = constant characterizing the relay

Calculations:
As per given inputs, Max 1-ph fault current = 1008A
20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

Assumed trip time = 0.2S at Max 1-phase fault current of 1008A.

IEC normal inverse has been set for 51 and 51N. For IEC normal inverse α = 0.02 and β = 0.14

By using the formula

t = 0.2sec
β= 0.14
I> = 0.2 times the rated current(Assumed 20% of rated current)
= 21.8A that is 21.8/150 = 0.15, 15% of CT rated current.
I = 1008 A (As per given data)
Calculated TMS (k) by using above formula, k= 0.113≈ 0.1

Selection of “I>- -> Basic Angle b”

Basic Angle b=-300
Note: IEC Normal inverse curve characteristics has been set, TMS (k1) should be coordinated with
Downstream settings to avoid mal-operations.

Function block: Io->--> Directional earth fault protection

FB Name: DEF1Low
ANSI Code: 67N-1
Setting group 1
Recommended
Parameter Range Unit Description
Settings

Selection of operation
Operation mode 1) - 6) - Normal Inverse mode and inverse time
characteristic
Selection of operation
Operation criteria 1)-5) Basic angle & Uo
criteria
Forward Selection of direction
Oper direction - Forward
Reverse for operation
Basic angle b 0- -90o S -60 degrees
Start current 1.0...500.00 % In 15 Start current
Start voltage 2.0...100.00 %Un 20 Start voltage
Time multiplier 0.05...1.00 - 0.1 Time multiplier k in
20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

IDMT mode

Intermittent E/F - Not active Selection of an intermittent

Active/Not active
operation
Note:
1) Basic angle & Uo, 2) Basic angle, 3) IoSin/Cos & Uo, 4) IoSin/Cos, 5) Non directional Io, Non
Directional Uo
Note: 1) Not in use 2) Definite time 3) Extremely inverse 4) Very inverse 5) Normal inverse
6) Long time inverse

Control settings
Recommended
Parameter Range Unit Description
Settings

Peak - Peak Selection of

Measuring mode - Fundam. Freq.
Fund freq measuring mode
Resetting time of the
Drop-off time 0...1000 ms 0 operate time counter
at DT mode
Group 1-Group Selection of the active
Group selection - Group 1
2 group setting

4.Non- Directional E/F Protection For HV side, 51N/50N(REF610)

The residual O/C (51N) setting is 10% of IBase with 0.2 TMS. This has to be coordinated with downstream settings. The
reset is set instantaneous. . Instantaneous E/F (50N) has been set to 100% with min time delay of 20ms.

EFLPTOC Group settings

Recommended
Parameter Range Unit Description
Settings

Start value
1-100 %In 10 Start current of stage, Io>
Io>

Def. Time
IEC ext. inv.
IEC Very inv.
IEC Norm. inv.
4.IEC Normal Selection of operation
IEC long time inv.
Operate mode Io>IDMT mode mode and inverse time
RI type inv. inverse characteristic
ANSI Ext. inv.
ANSI Very inv.
ANSI Norm. inv.
RD type inv.
20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

Time multiplier k in
Time multiplier, ko(IDMT IEC) 0.05-1.00 S 0.2
IDMT mode

Start value, Io>> 5-800 %In 100 Start current of stage, Io>>

to>> 0.05-300 S 0.05 Operate time of stage. to>>

5.Non- Directional E/F Protection For LV side, 51N/50N(REF610)

The residual O/C (51N) setting is 10% of IBase with 0.2 TMS. This has to be coordinated with downstream settings. The
reset is set instantaneous. . Instantaneous E/F (50N) has been set to 100% with min time delay of 20ms.

EFLPTOC Group settings

Recommended
Parameter Range Unit Description
Settings

Start value
1-100 %In 10 Start current of stage, Io>
Io>

Def. Time
IEC ext. inv.
IEC Very inv.
IEC Norm. inv.
4.IEC Normal Selection of operation
IEC long time inv.
Operate mode Io>IDMT mode mode and inverse time
RI type inv. inverse characteristic
ANSI Ext. inv.
ANSI Very inv.
ANSI Norm. inv.
RD type inv.

Time multiplier k in
Time multiplier, ko(IDMT IEC) 0.05-1.00 s 0.2
IDMT mode

Start value, Io>> 5-800 %In 100 Start current of stage, Io>>

to>> 0.05-300 s 0.05 Operate time of stage. to>>

20/25MVA 132/33KV Power Transformer protection settings calculation

OTHER DEVICES

Voltage regulator
Since the voltage input is taken from secondary side VRS of 33KV bus bar VT, with a ratio of 33KV/0.1KV. Then
desired voltage level is set as DVL-1=100V.
From the transformer rating plate, one tap of OLTC is to regulate 1.01% of the rated voltage. But the regulating device
can only be accurate to one digit after decimal point. Manufacturers prefer a smaller value than a bigger one, because
higher values may cause lower regulating sensitivity. Then the voltage regulator bandwidth is set at
BANDWIDTH=1.0%.
A default 10 seconds remaining as the setting of DELAY 1 AND DELAY 2.
Find the regulating range between highest and smaller regulated voltage from the rating plate,
U>=1+10x1.01%=110.1%. The over voltage threshold can be set as 111%.
The under voltage setting can be set as the reciprocal of the above ratio,
U<=1-10x1.01%=89.9, set it as 89%.
Other settings remain as default values.
Tapcon 230 Automatic Voltage Regulation device settings of 132/33KV Transformer at Shakiso S/S

Item Value
NORMSET ON
DES. VELTAGE LEVEL 100V
DVL1
BANDWIDTH 1.0%
DELAY T1 10s
T1 LINEAR INTEGRAL LINEAR
DELAY T2 10S
OVERVOLTAGE U> 111%
UNERVOLTAGE U< 89%
NOM. TRANSF. VOLTAGE 33KV