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NPTEL (https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?ncCode=NPTEL) » Artificial Intelligence: Knowledge Representation

And Reasoning (course)

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Week 2 : Assignment
payment status The due date for submitting this assignment has passed.
Due on 2024-02-07, 23:59 IST.

Course Assignment submitted on 2024-02-07, 22:06 IST

outline
Abbreviations: Knowledge Base (KB), Propositional Logic (PL)

About 1) A sentence in logic is a statement that, in principle, has a truth value. Which of the 1 point
NPTEL () following are sentences in logic?

Shiva, please take us to Baijnath temple.

How does an
NPTEL Shiva will take us to Baijnath temple.
online Baijnath temple is surrounded by mountains.
course
Does ChatGPT know the answers to all the questions?
work? ()
ChatGPT knows the answers to all the questions.

Prerequisite The number 4 is a prime number.

Assignment No, the answer is incorrect.
() Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Week 1 () Shiva will take us to Baijnath temple.
Baijnath temple is surrounded by mountains.
Week 2 () ChatGPT knows the answers to all the questions.
The number 4 is a prime number.
Symbols and
Thought (unit?
2) State true or false. Induction and Abduction are used in day to day situations 1 point
unit=29&lesso
because both together provide a sound inference method.
n=30)

From Gears to True

Symbols (unit? False

Y h i
unit=29&lesso Yes, the answer is correct.
n=31) Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Truth, Logic, False
and Provabilty
(unit? 3) What does the statement (P ⊃ Q) convey? (Note: it is very very important for 1 point
unit=29&lesso beginners to understand and internalise the conditional-statement.)
n=32)
When P is true then Q is true.
A Syntactic
When P is false then Q is false.
Machine (unit?
unit=29&lesso When Q is true then P is true.
n=33) When Q is false then P is false.
Entailment and Yes, the answer is correct.
Proof (unit? Score: 1
unit=29&lesso Accepted Answers:
n=34) When P is true then Q is true.
When Q is false then P is false.
The
Languages of
Logic (unit? 4) Model the situation “a number x that is greater than 10 is greater than 5 as well” in 1 point
unit=29&lesso Propositional Logic. (Hint: select the formula that remains meaningful for various values of x.)
n=35)
A: number x is greater than 5.
Patterns in
Arguments
B: number x is greater than 10.
(unit?
A∧ B
unit=29&lesso
n=36) A∨ B
A⊃ B
Rules of
Inference B⊃A
(unit?
Yes, the answer is correct.
unit=29&lesso Score: 1
n=37)
Accepted Answers:
Lecture B⊃A
material (unit?
unit=29&lesso 5) Model the sentence “Snapdragons bloom only in winter” in Propositional Logic. 1 point
n=38)
B: Snapdragons are in bloom.
Week 2
Feedback form W: It is winter.
: Artificial
Intelligence:
B∧W
Knowledge B∨W
Representatio
B⊃W
n And
Reasoning W⊃B
(unit? No, the answer is incorrect.
unit=29&lesso Score: 0
n=39) Accepted Answers:
B⊃W
Quiz: Week 2
: Assignment
(assessment? 6) Select the valid rules of substitution. 1 point
name=206)
[P ≡ Q] ≡ [(P ⊃ Q) ∧ (Q ⊃ P)]
[P ⊃ Q] ≡ [P ∨ ¬Q]
Practice: Week [P ⊃ Q] ≡ [¬P ⊃ ¬Q]
2 : Assignment
[(P ∨ Q) ⊃ R] ≡ [(P ⊃ R) ∧ (Q ⊃ R)]
(Non Graded)
(assessment? No, the answer is incorrect.
name=208) Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Week 3 () [P ≡ Q] ≡ [(P ⊃ Q) ∧ (Q ⊃ P)]
[(P ∨ Q) ⊃ R] ≡ [(P ⊃ R) ∧ (Q ⊃ R)]
Week 4 ()
7) Select the valid rules of inference. 1 point

Week 5 () {P, P ⊃ Q} ⊢ Q
{P ∧ Q} ⊢ (P ∨ Q)
Week 6 ()
{P ∨ Q, ¬Q} ⊢ P

Week 7 () {P ⊃ Q, ¬Q} ⊢ ¬P

Partially Correct.
Week 8 () Score: 0.75
Accepted Answers:
Week 9 () {P, P ⊃ Q} ⊢ Q
{P ∧ Q} ⊢ (P ∨ Q)
Week 10 () {P ∨ Q, ¬Q} ⊢ P
{P ⊃ Q, ¬Q} ⊢ ¬P
Week 11 ()
8) A knowledge base (KB) is __________ . 1 point
DOWNLOAD
a collection of all human knowledge (a large language model like ChatGPT)
VIDEOS ()
a set of sentences where all the sentences are true
Text a set of sentences where some sentences may be false because we need the ability to
Transcripts () say what is false
All of the above
Books ()
No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Problem Accepted Answers:
Solving a set of sentences where all the sentences are true
Session -
Jan 2024 () 9) A proof or derivation in logic __________ . 1 point

involves preparing the truth table for the sentence P

is a syntactic process that uses inference rules to generate new formulas from the
existing formulas in a KB
is a syntactic process that does not bother with the truth values of the sentences that are
read and/or derived
is a syntactic process that analyses the real world meaning of the sentence that we wish
to prove/derive

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
is a syntactic process that uses inference rules to generate new formulas from the existing
formulas in a KB
is a syntactic process that does not bother with the truth values of the sentences that are read
and/or derived
 10) What does it mean to say that a KB entails P, which is written as (KB ⊨ P), in 1 point
Propositional Logic?

When all the sentences in KB are true then P is necessarily true.

One can derive P from the sentences in the KB.
All of the above.
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
When all the sentences in KB are true then P is necessarily true.

11) Which of the following statements about entailments are correct? 1 point

{P, P ⊃ Q} ⊨ Q
{Q, P ⊃ Q} ⊭ P
{¬P, P ⊃ Q} ⊭ ¬Q
{¬Q, P ⊃ Q} ⊨ ¬P

Yes, the answer is correct.

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
{P, P ⊃ Q} ⊨ Q
{Q, P ⊃ Q} ⊭ P
{¬P, P ⊃ Q} ⊭ ¬Q
{¬Q, P ⊃ Q} ⊨ ¬P

12) Which of the following sets of connectives are complete in propositional logic? 1 point

{⊃}
{⊃,¬}
{∧,¬}
{∧,∨,¬}

Partially Correct.
Score: 0.66
Accepted Answers:
{⊃,¬}
{∧,¬}
{∧,∨,¬}

13) What does (KB ⊢ P) mean? 1 point

KB entails P.
KB derives P.
All of the above.

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
KB derives P.
 14) If a proof procedure (derivation algorithm) in logic is complete then __________ and 1 point
__________ . Choose the relevant two options to fill in the blanks.

it can derive only the true sentences

it can derive all the true sentences
it may derive some false sentences
it may not derive all the true sentences

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
it can derive all the true sentences
it may derive some false sentences

15) If a proof procedure (derivation algorithm) in logic is sound then __________ and 1 point
__________ . Choose the relevant two options to fill in the blanks.

it can derive only the true sentences

it can derive all the true sentences
it may derive some false sentences
it may not derive all the true sentences

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
it can derive only the true sentences
it may not derive all the true sentences

16) A tautological formula in propositional logic __________ . 1 point

is a sentence that evaluates to true when its variables are set to true
is a sentence that evaluates to true when its variables are set to any combination of truth
values
is used to test whether a rule of inference is valid or not
is used to test whether a rule of substitution is valid or not

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
is a sentence that evaluates to true when its variables are set to any combination of truth
values
is used to test whether a rule of inference is valid or not
is used to test whether a rule of substitution is valid or not

17) Is the following argument valid? 1 point

He must sow wheat or he must plant sugarcane.

He planted sugarcane.
Therefore, he did not sow wheat.

Yes
No

N h i i
 No, the answer is incorrect.
Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
No

18) Is the following argument valid? 1 point

Rain brings happiness to farmers.

It is raining.
Therefore, farmers are happy.

Yes
No

Yes, the answer is correct.

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Yes

19) Is the following argument valid? 1 point

Bountiful harvest brings happiness to farmers.

Farmers are happy.
Therefore, the harvest was bountiful.

Yes
No

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
No

20) Is the following argument valid? 1 point

High demand for wheat brings happiness to farmers.

Farmers are unhappy.
Therefore, demand for wheat is low.

Yes
No

Yes, the answer is correct.

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Yes