University of Batna 1

Institute of architecture and urbanism

C.O.P
L3/S5

Course N°2

ICT and the Smartcity

Presented by
Guedouh Marouane Samir

University year: 2023/2024

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ICT and the Smartcity

"Smart Cities"
Guedouh Marouane Samir
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ICT and the Smartcity

Over the years, many definitions of the smart city have been proposed. Analyzing a
number of these definitions in closely related works, we highlight that most works
can be classified into different categories. However, independently of the chosen
point of view, each contribution aims at urban innovation: in the first case, trying to
design the external and tangible part (architecture, ecology, etc.), in the second, the
relational part (governance, politics and citizens) and in the third focusing on
infrastructures, mainly technological Internet-based, which combine and connect the
intelligent systems of the city. Depending on the approach used, each work adopts the
definition that best suits the specific context

Definition of smart city

We define the smart city as a high-performance urban context, where citizens are
interconnected with each other and with the city itself, which provides a constant flow
of information, personalized according to the needs and preferences of the user.
Citizens are more independent, more aware of surrounding opportunities and benefit
from the integrated services offered by the city.

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

ICT infrastructure is the brain of the city, governing its body and reacting intelligently
to circumstances. A smart city allows new ideas to flourish and new, more effective
approaches to economics, politics, governance, mobility, the environment and all other
aspects of urban life. Following this definition, we model the functioning of a smart
city according to a three-layer diagram.

Smart city strategy and planning are the basis

for defining and evaluating benchmarks
designed for city ranking. In a recent book,
Nicos Komninos studies the drivers and
architectures of spatial intelligence of cities,
the planning processes of smart cities and how
cities should manage the drivers of spatial
intelligence, create smart environments,
mobilize communities and propose new
solutions. to solve the city's problems.

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

What is a smart city?

Where do smart cities come from?
The development of the term; initially seen as a control system, in which you keep
track of the city's resources and its efficient operation with a focus on asset
optimization. The technological vision of the smart city remains the city: smart objects
in the city where people can interact and obtain information.

Why is the smart city gaining speed?

The drivers of the smart city are numerous and closely linked.
• the biodiversity; the need for a sustainable change
• urbanization; the geographic concentration of challenges
• Globalization trends: digital single market, open data, automation and lack of work
for skilled workers, interconnected economies and a growing political divide.
• Urban life: circular economy, direct democracy, peer exchange and co-creation
between powers, industries and citizens.

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

Why the concept of Smart City?

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

They all form an ecosystem of problems and potential solutions. The smart city exists in this context
as a lauded strategy to change the direction of these disruptive trends and prepare for the future.

Heavy environmental considerations

The challenge today

The smart city is increasingly becoming an intelligent understanding of complicated problems. The
complexity is enormous and, with so many interlocking and pressing challenges, it is no longer
obvious what to fix or how to challenge. The focus is on creating actionable outputs, for example
using big data, IoT and other technological advances to understand and facilitate good decision-
making.
Guedouh Marouane Samir
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ICT and the Smartcity

Smart services for the urban context

The smart city model is closely linked to the ICT infrastructure that the city shares
with citizens; these innovative architectures allow more effective conservation of fixed
assets and a better standard of living thanks to modern services accessible to all.
- Management of digital identity documents for intelligent governance
- Video control and intelligent urban surveillance
- Security and geocoding in the emergency call service
- Energy saving
- Remote automated control of industrial installations
- Remote hydrological networks and gas supply monitoring
- Staff and community health
- Public transport networks
- Monitoring of air and noise pollution
- Tourist facilities
- Electronic payment management for smart economy and tax evasion detection
- Social interaction
Guedouh Marouane Samir
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ICT and the Smartcity

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

Six main domains of a smart city

These central systems should ideally work together to gain efficiency. Holistically,
these systems work together and create a “system of systems.”
Guedouh Marouane Samir
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ICT and the Smartcity

Six main areas of a smart city

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

Increasing social inequalities

Enseignant
Guedouh Marouane Samir
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ICT and the Smartcity

Cities and globalization

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

Smart cities around the world

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

City councilors have a large toolbox of software, working methods, infrastructure and services to
build, but the entire strategy must be based on two pillars: data and the citizen.

These two sources of information make it possible to identify real needs and to anticipate and adapt
local policies. User experience is essential for developing effective public services, while the capture
and opening of data gives free rein to innovation and foresight.

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

Sustainable solutions
Reduced consumption of energy, water and chemicals
Reduced accumulation of waste
Cost savings

Thanks to the phenomenon of dematerialization, a smart company can

reduce its paper consumption by up to 80%

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

Transport and mobility

Reduced government footprint
Optimization of the use of urban space
Several mobility solutions

Reduction in traffic jams

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

Citizen
Encourage each other to help each other and thus benefit from sharing knowledge
City built based on residents’ concerns
Encourage each other to help each other and thus benefit from sharing knowledge
Small businesses have greater opportunity for growth
Development of new skills

+ +

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

Energy
New markets for technology and innovation companies

Smart cities offer $7.5 billion annual market opportunity for technology providers

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

SMART CITY - THE CHALLENGES

Know the challenges
Consider all the issues
Better planning
Act better
Take advantage of opportunities

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

Conclusion
Increasing environmental problems and population
Consequence: adaptations of the actors.
growth.

Challenges: economic, social, technological, data

Draw inspiration from existing examples. management and regulatory.

Guedouh Marouane Samir

The literature review revealed thirty-four (34) cases of smart cities having emerged
since the early 1990s, as well as eight (8) different categories of smart cities. This
ranking expresses the mission of the smart city

1. Web or virtual cities offer local information, online chat and meeting rooms and
augmented reality urban navigation via the Web. The cities America-On-Line (AOL)
(1997), Kyoto, Japan (1996-2001), Bristol, United States of America (1997) and
Amsterdam (1997) were the first representatives of this category.

2. Knowledge bases are public databases with crowd-sourcing options accessible via
the Internet and via text television. Three representatives were identified: Copenhagen
Base (1989), Craigmillar Community Information Service, Scotland (1994),
Blacksburg Knowledge Democracy.

3. Broadband metropolis and broadband city describe the fiber optic backbone
installed in the urban area, which allows the interconnection of households and local
businesses with very high-speed networks. Seoul, South Korea (1997), Beijing, China
(1999), Helsinki (1995), Geneva-MAN, Switzerland (1995) and Antwerp were in this
category.

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

4. Mobile/Ambient Cities are metropolitan wireless broadband networks accessible

throughout the city or in selected neighbors. Early representatives of this group still
exist today, while this approach has many similarities with the broadband city
approach. New York City (1994), Kista Science City/Stockholm (2002) and Florence,
Italy (2006) were the representative members identified.

5. The smart city approach provides broadband and multimedia infrastructure for
business development. Several dimensions of intelligence to which ICT can contribute
are recognized: economy (smart economy), education (smart people), governance
(smart governance), transport (smart mobility), sustainability (smart environment) and
daily life (smart life) . Taipei, Taiwan (2004), Tianjin, China (2007), Barcelona, Spain
(2000), Brisbane, Australia (2004), Malta (2007), Kochi, India (2007) and Dubai (1999
to present). are the identified representatives.

6. The Digital City describes a “mesh” metropolitan environment that interconnects

virtual and physical spaces in order to address: a) local needs and transactions, b) the
transformation of the local community into a local information society, c ) sustainable
local development. Hull, United Kingdom (2000), Cape Town, South Africa (2000),
Trikala, Greece (2003), Tampere, Finland (2003), Knowledge Based Cities, Portugal
(1995) and Austin, United States (1995 to nowadays) constitute this group. .

Guedouh Marouane Samir

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ICT and the Smartcity

7. The omnipresent city concerns a new generation urban space comprising an

integrated set of omnipresent services. This approach is accompanied by the
construction of new urban spaces where computing is omnipresent and included in
buildings. New Sondgo, South Korea (2008), Dongtan, South Korea (2005), Osaka,
Japan (2008), Port of Manhattan, Kentucky, United States (2010), Masdar, United
Arab Emirates (2008) and Helsinki Arabianranta , Finland (2005) are the ubiquitous
cities identified.

8. Eco City suggests the most popular approach, to which many of the cases presented
previously have evolved. This smart city approach capitalizes on ICT for sustainable
growth and environmental protection.

Guedouh Marouane Samir

 Course 3
ICT and the Smartcity

Guedouh Marouane Samir

 Course 3
ICT and the Smartcity

Guedouh Marouane Samir

 Course 3
ICT and the Smartcity

Guedouh Marouane Samir

THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION