TED TALK & BBC LEARNING ENGLISH NOTES

VIDEO NOTES VOCABULARY

7 Tools For Systemic Trust - doomed to fail
Building a Trust is a rare commodity, and yet the concept of trust has - inherently
Business never been so fashionable. untrustworthy situation
People Trust – - Business ecosystem: can only function if all participants - absurdly
By Marcos cooperate untrustworthy value
Arguia - Trust: the confidence that sb or sth will deliver on a proposition
promise or behave as expected. - Suffix quasi- : to a
- Trust displays a meaningful role between the success and certain extent
failure of a business ecosystem. It was not the final nail in the Ex: quasi-scientific
coffin but it was enough to send more than half to the explanation/ a quasi-
graveyard scholar
- Failed BE: naively assume that cooperation anchored trust - decode and manage
would spontaneously emerge between complete strangers. this seemingly
- Successful BE: actively embedded trust right into the intangible concept of
workings of the platform. trust
- 7 TRUST TOOLS: - Escrow: a deal kept
+ Access: define the rules well to the hires. by the third party as
+ Contracts: *agree to terms and conditions* proof.
+ Incentives: encourage cooperation and positive interactions - handle mishaps
through rewards
Ex: reputation
+ Control: shape the behavior of participants
Ex: UBER dictates the drivers the best route to take.
+ Transparency: make the past and present behaviors
present to everyone
Ex: AirBnB use reviews to control the state of the lodgment.
+ Intermediation: acts as a middleman in the moments of
truth of cooperation
Ex: Alibaba holds the sellers’ money until the buyer is
satisfied with the product
+ Mitigation: a protection program
- Combine digital and non-digital trust-building system

US and China The US and China work together for the good of the - Emitter: country/
vs. Climate environment industry/ thing that
Change – 6 - 2015: The Paris Deal: countries come together to raise their produces harmful
Minutes carbon-cutting ambition substances that harm
English - China: Pledge the country will be carbon-neutral by 2060 the environment
-> This dynamic seems like an inherent paradox of today’s - Greenhouse gases
China. It is leading in many ways on green initiatives/ contribute to our
projects to improve the environment, while at the same time warming planet
it’s also a big polluter and greenhouse gas emitter. It’s got to - A climate conference
alleviate poverty as well as fight pollution. - Smog is a common
- The US: is also trying to clean up its act/ change the way it occurrence
behaves for the better. Achieve a 100% clean energy - Face reality with
economy, reach net zero emissions by 2050, and create 10 humility
million new green jobs. - Put heat-trapping
- Not to blame others, work together, trust each other, make gases in the
tough choices rather than pointing out each other’s flaws. atmosphere
- Stop pointing fingers as if evil are outside and become
partners in humankind’s very dangerous path forward
A Quieter Noise – a source of pollution and is bad for our health - Grate: (a sound)
World – 6 - Bad habit: Suppress our listening/ ignore the sound -> we noisy and irritating
Minute are not aware/ conscious of/ realize it. - Honking and noise is
English - Consequence: lead to stress and mental health issue a medium of
- Solution: trees are grown by motorways to absorb the traffic expression, it is almost
noise. At a loud rock concert, acoustic screens are put up to another language
stop the sound being heard too far away
- The permissible time for safe listening decreases as sound
level increases

Good Leaders Trust and cooperation – the feelings that determine a - Visceral: based on
Makes You remarkable work environment deep feeling and
Feel Safe – By Sacrifice – the quality of a great leader emotional reactions
Simon Sinek - The military gives medal to people who are willing to rather than on reason or
sacrifice themselves so that others may gain >< In business thought.
we give bonuses to people who are willing to sacrifice others -> Have visceral anger,
so that we may gain. hatred at some of the
- A deep sense of trust and cooperation: because others would banking CEOs with
have done it for me. their disproportionate
salaries and bonus
- The feeling comes from [Danger]: structures: they have
+ Ancient time: the threat that reduces our life span (the violated the very
climate, the predators,…) -> human become social animals as definition of leadership
a system of survival and the deep-seated
+ Modern time: the jeopardy that reduces our opportunity of social contract: we
success (the ups and downs in the economy, the uncertainty know that they allow
 of the stock market, new technology that renders your their people to be
business model obsolete overnight, competition,…): the sacrificed so they could
leaders set the tone to the conditions within the organization. protect their own
interests.
 Remarkable things happen when the leaders make the
choice to put the safety and life of people inside the
organization first and make the people feel belong and
safe  -> the workers will combine their talents, strengths
and work tirelessly to face the dangers outside and seize
the opportunities.

- Being a leader is like being a parent: provide their people

opportunity, education, discipline when necessary, build their
self-confidence, give them the opportunity to try and fail, all
so they can achieve more than we could ever imagine for
ourselves.
+ Never lay off their “children”: Charlie Kim, the CEO of
tech company Next Jump – implement a policy of lifetime
employment (nurturing) - coach them, give them support
when they have performance issues.
- Great leaders would sacrifice the numbers to protect their
people, not the other way around

- A great leader would not believe in head counts, but heart

counts, and it’s much difficult to simply reduce the heart
counts.
- The furlough program: “It’s better that we should all suffer a
little than any of us should have to suffer a lot.”

- To summarize: Leadership is a choice, not a rank. A great

leader is the person who go first, take the risk, choose to
sacrifice so that their people may be safe and protected. The
natural response is that our people would sacrifice for us.
They would be willing to give us their blood, sweat and tears
to see that their leader’s vision comes to life.

How To Get TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCE OUR ATTENTION AND - Dastardly (adj): evil
Your Brain OUR ABILITY TO FOCUS. and cruel
To Focus – By - Refraining from using the phone more than 30 minutes - For all intents and
Chris Bailey per day resulted in: purposes
+ Attention span grows - To adjust downward
+ Ideas began to flood in to a new, lower level of
+ Plans and thoughts about the future come forward more stimulation
- The root cause of distraction: our brain is overstimulated - To be stereotypic of
=> LOWER THE LEVEL OF STIMULATION IN OUR my age and gender
BRAIN SO THAT IT DOES NOT SEEK DISTRACTION IN demographic
THE FIRST PLACE -> REDISCOVER BOREDOM -
- Mind has a chance to wander more often -> plans and
ideas began to struck -> Connect several of the constellations
of ideas that were swirling around in your mind to create an
idea that would never have materialized otherwise if you were
focused on something else -> SCATTER FOCUS
- Find a simple activity that lets your mind to wander and
does not consume your full attention (knitting, extra-long
shower, a bath,…) -> become more creative
- We need MORE SPACE, DISCONNECTION.
How To STRIKE THE BALANCE BETWEEN PRODUCTIVITY
Manage Your (getting work done without considering the priority level)
Time More AND RESPONSIVENESS (reacting anytime something
Effectively – comes up)
Ted-Ed 1. Spend less time prioritizing and more time doing
2. Minimize interruptions
3. Group interruptions by how long you can afford to NOT
do them and then do them in that amount of time

Compassion - Compassion Fatigue: Emotional exhaustion which reduces - Learned

Fatigue – 6 your ability to empathize or feel compassion for others, a Helplessness: giving
Minute problem especially for people working in the medical up trying to feel better
English profession. because your previous
- The main source of problem: the depressing news exposed attempts have not
on the media makes us more and more numb to human worked
suffering. - Headwinds: forces
- Compassionate habits can be difficult to cultivate because blowing in the opposite
they face many headwinds direction which stops
- The rapid news cycle distracts us from developing you moving forward.
compassion and courage.
HOW THE GOLDEN CIRCLE: WHY -> HOW -> WHAT - To defy all the
GREAT (INSIDE OUT). PEOPLE DON’T BUY WHAT YOU DO, assumptions
LEADERS THEY BUY WHY YOU DO IT. - To be eminently
INSPIRE
- Apple advertisement: [WHY?]: Everything we do, we qualified
ACTIONS –
By Simon believe in challenging the status quo, we believe in thinking - The recipe for failure:
Sinek differently. [HOW?]: The way we challenge the status quo is undercapitalized, the
by making our products beautifully designed, simple to use wrong people, bad
and user friendly. [WHAT?]: We just happen to make great market conditions.
computers. - Proprietary process:
a manufacturing
Explain from a biological point of view: process that others are
- Homo-sapiens brain corresponds with the [WHAT?] forbidden to use, and a
section: responsible for our rational and analytical thoughts propriety trademark is
and language a name that only the
- Limbic brains corresponds with the [WHY?] and [HOW?] owner can use.
section: responsible for our feelings, behaviors and decision- - Market penetration:
making. the extent to which a
-> Communicate from the INSIDE OUT talking directly to product is recognized
the part of the brain that drives behavior and bought by
-> Facts and Figures (the WHAT section) are not enough to customers in a
prompt decisions: IT JUST DOES NOT FEEL RIGHT particular market.
- Differentiated Value
=> THE GOAL IS NOT TO DO BUSINESS WITH Proposition (DVP):
EVERYBODY WHO NEEDS WHAT YOU HAVE, IT IS one that makes your
TO DO BUSINESS WITH PEOPLE WHO BELIEVE product or service
WHAT YOU BELIEVE stand out against the
=> THOSE WHO START WITH [WHY?] CAN competition. If it was
INSPIRE OTHERS, MAKE THEM FOLLOW AND not differentiated, then
FIND OTHERS WHO CAN INSPIRE THEM. it will be a commodity/
product/ service, and
- The law of diffusion of innovation: 2.5% innovators, 13.5% by definition, competes
early adopters, 34% early majority, 34% late majority, 16% only on price.
laggards. - A marketing
-> Achieve the conversion/ market penetration of 15-18% conversion occurs
because the innovators and early adopters will be the ones when someone changes
 who compel/ inspire the other types of people to act from a passive visitor
-> Everyone makes a decision or do something for to an active, interested
themselves, leaders inspire them to act with their mutual visitor or customer.
beliefs.

IMPROVING 3 STYLES TO HAVE A MORE LONG-TERM - Memory: the ability

YOUR MEMORIES: Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic (doing and to encode, store and
MEMORY – 6 practicing something over and over again) recall information.
MINUTE - DRAWING: increase contextual representation and intuitive - To retrieve
ENGLISH sense -> encode your memory into something more detailed. information from our
[Some way to improve memory: (brain training): playing memory
crossword puzzles and Sudoku; (eat the right food): egg,
spinach, bananas, food rich in vitamin B]