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Power System Analysis Using Matlab Toolb
Power System Analysis Using Matlab Toolb
Moldova
* **
Gheorghe CÂR0IN1, *Gheorghe GRIGORA2, Elena-Crengu3a BOBRIC
*
Technical University “Gh. Asachi” of Iasi, Romania; e-mail: gcartina@ee.tuiasi.ro
**
University “Stefan cel Mare” of Suceava, Romania
Abstract This paper presents the features of several of design, facilitating future revision and expansion of
Matlab toolboxes used in power system analysis, such as softwares. This is very important for researches who
MatPower Toolbox (MPT), Power System Analysis are interested in developing and testing new for
Toolbox (PSAT) and Voltage Stability Toolbox (VST). various power system applications.
For to illustrate the capabilities of MPT for educational
Another feature is to provide an avenue to easily
and research purposes, a study case based on a test
system, is presented.
prepare input data files in commonly accepted formats
for networks that are created.
Keywords: power system analysis, Matlab toolboxes, The results produced by one application can be easily
optimal power flow. used either fully or partially by any other application
supported by the package. For example, having this
1. INTRODUCTION feature would facilitate initialization of transient
simulations by using the corresponding power flow
Power system simulation involves a wide range of results [1], [2], [3].
timeframes, starting at microseconds when simulating The group of the Matlab toolboxes used in the power
fast electromagnetic transients and extending to system analysis includes a set of application functions,
several years in system planning studies. The same which collect their inputs and provide their outputs in
system may have to be modeled and solved in many a form to be processed for proper presentation to user.
different ways, depending upon the studies event of The general configuration of the all toolboxes is
interest. It has been desirable to have a single software presented in the Figure 1.
platform from which several power system analysis
functions can be easily activated from the same power Matlab toolbox for
system [1]. Power System Simulation
In the last decade, several high-level programming
languages, such as Matlab, Mathcad, Mathematica and
so on, have become more popular for both research
and educational purposes. Any of these languages can
lead to good results in the field of power system On-line
Data Files
analysis. From these languages Matlab proved to be Network Editor
the best user choice. The important features of Matlab
are the matrix-oriented programming, plotting
capabilities and a graphical environment (Simulink),
which highly simplified control scheme design.
This paper presents, in the first part, the features of Applications
several Matlab toolboxes used in power system
analysis, such as MatPower Toolbox (MPT), Power Transient Stability
Power Flow Optimal Power Flow Small-Signal Stability
System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) and Voltage Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis
Stability Toolbox (VST). The second part presents a
study case based on a test system, using the MPT for
to illustrate the capabilities of this tool for educational Figure1: General configuration of the Matlab
and research purposes. toolboxes for power system analysis.
2. FEATURES OF MATLAB TOOLBOXES USED In the Matlab toolboxes for the power system analysis
IN POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS not all applications are presented. Thus, in the Table 1
is depicts a comparison of the Matlab tooboxes from
One of the features of the Matlab toolboxes used in the the view point of the application functions. The
power system analysis (MatPower Toolbox (MPT), applications illustrated in the table are: Power Flow
Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), Voltage (PF), Continuation Power Flow (CPF), Optimal Power
Stability Toolbox (VST) and so on) is the modularity
305
Flow (OPF), Small-Signal Stability Analysis (SSA) • minimization of the active power losses;
and Time-Domain Simulation (TDS), [2]. • maximization of the degree of security of the
system;
Toolbox PF CPF OPF SSA TDA • optimization of the voltage-reactive power.
MPT * *
PSAT * * * * * The objective function for the OPF reflects the costs
VST * * * * associated with generating power in the system ant it is
assumed to be approximated by a quadratic function of
Table 1: Matlab toolboxes for power system analysis. generator active power output as:
306
In order to handle the variables in the OPF problem and the constraint violations, at a given point, X, and
efficiently, it is convenient to separate them into three the other computes their gradients.
categories: controls, states, and constraints: The m-files are used to solve systems with polynomial
cost function. Thus, the cost functions are included in
• Control variables correspond to quantities that a straightforward way into the objective function.
can be arbitrarily manipulated, within their limits, Clearly, this method works only for convex cost
in order to minimize the costs. These include functions.
generator MW outputs ( PGi ) transformer tap In the Table 2 the bus data are indicated. The bus type
can be:
changing (tcik). • PQ bus – 1;
• States variables correspond to quantities that are • PU bus – 2;
set as a result of the controls, but must be
• slack bus – 3.
monitored. They are also of interest at the solution.
The states include all system voltages and angles
Pd Qd
(Ui, i). Bus Type
[MW] [MVAr]
• Constraint variables are variables associated with 1 3 0 0
the constraints. These include all the Lagrange 2 2 21.7 12.7
multipliers.
3 2 94.2 19
4 1 47.8 -3.9
4. CASE STUDY 5 1 7.6 1.6
6 2 11.2 7.5
This section illustrates the OPF application from the
7 1 0 0
MPT for a 14-bus test system, Figure 2.
8 2 0 0
13 14 9 1 29.5 16.6
10 1 9 5.8
10
11 1 3.5 1.8
12 12 1 6.1 1.6
13 1 13.5 5.8
14 1 14.9 5
11
307
5. CONCLUSIONS
[3] R.D. Zimmerman, C.E. Murrillo-Sánches, D. Gan,
The paper presents several Matlab toolboxes can be MatPower, A Matlab Power System Simulation
used in power system analysis. These toolboxes come Package. Version 3.1b2.User’s Manual, Power
with a variety of procedures for static and dynamic Systems Enginnering Research Center, Cornell
analysis that can be used with easiness in educational University, Ithaca, NY, [Online]
and research activities. Available:http://www.pserc.cornell.edu/matpower
One of the features of these Matlab toolboxes is the [4] Power System Analysis Toolbox, Documentation
modularity of design, facilitating future revision and for PSAT version 2.0.0 82, February 7, 2007,
expansion of softwares. This is very important for [Online] Available: http://www.power.uwaterloo.
researches who are interested in developing and testing ca/~fmilano/psat.htm.
new for various power system applications. [5] Voltage Stability Toolbox (VST) - PC/Unix
Version, [Online] Available: http://www.pages.
References drexel.edu/~hgk22/VST/
voltage_stability_toolbox.htm.
[1] A. Abur, F. Magnago, Y. Lu, Educational [6] J. D. Weber, Implementation of a Newton-Based
Toolboxes for Power System Analysis, IEEE Optimal Power Flow into a Power System
Computer Applications in Power, vol. 13, no. 4, Simulation Environment, MS Thesis, University of
2000, pp. 31 – 35. Illinois, Urbana, 1997.
[2] F. Milano, An Open Source Power System [7] Gh. CârQinR, Y-H. Song, Gh. GrigoraT, Optimal
Analysis Toolbox, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Operation and Planning of Power Systems, Casa
vol. 20, no. 3, 2005, pp. 1199 -1206. de EditurR VENUS, IaTi, 2003.
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