Automatic Control

1. Introduction
김승균 (Seungkeun Kim)
Office: 공3-226, skim78@cnu.ac.kr
 1. Intro to this course
what is control & feedback?
❖ Control in our life
◼ 지배, 통제, 규제, 억제
◼ Ex. Gun control, arms control, …?

❖ Control in engineering
◼ 제어, 조종, 조절
https://addicted2success.com/life/7-things-you-need-
https://www.achievenowabetterlife.com/coaching/life-
coaching/10-ways-to-start-taking-control-of-your-life/
to-start-doing-to-take-back-control-of-your-life/
◼ Definition in our textbook
◼ Control is the PROCESS of making a SYSTEM VARIABLE follow

a PARTICULAR VALUE.
◼ called ‘reference (기준값)’, ‘command (명령)’ , or ‘reference
command (기준명령)’

◼ Systems to be controlled are everywhere!

◼ Hard-disk, pendulum, car, ship, aircraft

◼ How about Human?

◼ Cutting-edge control system!

2
 1. Intro to this course
what is control & feedback?
http://michaeldmann.net/mann15.html
❖ Control in our life : A human
◼ Block diagram of a generalized feedback control system

3
 1. Intro to this course
what is control & feedback?
❖ Control in our life : Google car

4
 1. Intro to this course
what is control & feedback?
❖ Control in our life :
◼ A toilet: Traditional mechanical control system.

Fluid level comparator

❖ Control in our life :

◼ A hard-drive:
◼ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eMWG3fwiEU

5
 1. Intro to this course
what is control & feedback?
❖ Open vs. Closed Loop
◼ Open-Loop (개회로)
◼ No output (sensor) monitoring

◼ Performance depends on initial calibration.

◼ Closed-Loop (feedback 흐름이 있는 = 센서값을 이용하는 폐회로)

◼ The output of the process being controlled is measured and fed back

◼ for comparison with the desired input

◼ Closed-loop systems are commonly used in aerospace applications

◼ Respond quicker and with greater accuracy than open-loop sys.

◼ https://learnmechanical.com/open-loop-and-closed-loop-system/

6
 1. Intro to this course
what is control & feedback?
❖ Ex. of open-loop control
◼ Most toasters are OPEN LOOP systems.
◼ The user sets the rheostat (가변저항기) to a value

◼ and the toast pops out after a given time.

◼ The outcome will depend upon issues such as:

◼ The temperature of the bread

◼ The quality of the bread

◼ Whether the toaster has been used (already warm) or not

◼ The ageing of the toaster (decreased efficiency of the heating)

Input Actual
Rheostat Voltage Heater Temperature
(가감저항기) Element

Temperature Transfer
Setting Function
Required
7
 1. Intro to this course
what is control & feedback? 갤럭시
스마트폰
❖ Ex. of feedback control 테스트 모드
*#0*#
◼ Automobile Cruise Control

Actuator:
Sensor: Speed
Accelerator Pedal

Compute:
Correction
(Control Action)

◼ 자동차의 자동 제동 시스템, 자동 차선유지 조향 시스템

◼ 냉장고, 에어컨의 온도 제어
8
◼ 드론/인공위성/항공기의 자세 제어
 1. Intro to this course
what is control & feedback?
❖ Ex. of feedback control 갤럭시 스마트폰 테스트 모드
◼ 스마트폰의 피드백 신호 체험하기 *#0*#

9 주의사항: 갤럭시폰의 기본 전화앱을 사용해야 합니다.

 1. Intro to this course
what is control & feedback?
❖ Ex. of feedback control
◼ Automobile Cruise Control
◼ Block diagram (Figure 1.3)

10