Blackfast Brochure

ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING OF IRON AND STEEL
BLACKFAST CHEMICALS LIMITED | www.blackfast.com | +44 (0) 208 339 7370 | 1

1
BLACKING
HERITAGE OF BLACK OXIDE

Throughout history, weapon manufacturers have explored
different metal finishing processes to protect their carefully
crafted products from oxidisation. Their solution to the
problem was to oxidise the metal’s surface and render it inactive
from further attack.
The secrets of the chemical blacking processes known to the ancient

alchemists are nearly all lost. There are a few artisans who still practice some
of the traditional methods of blueing. Their metal-blacking process involves
dissolving copper nails in acid into which the item to be cold blacked is immersed,
followed by burial in the soil for a number of weeks. The result is a deep blue black
colour which when oiled has a lustrous appearance.
THE FUTURE
With the growth in popularity of the Blackfast process during the last 10 years, and its ubiquitous
use throughout Europe there has been the development of yet one more name for the process...
BLACKFASTING!!!
2 | BLACKFAST CHEMICALS LIMITED | www.blackfast.com | +44 (0) 20 8336 2900 BLACKFAST CHEMICALS LIMITED | www.blackfast.com | +44 (0) 208 339 7370 | 3
1
BLACKING
HERITAGE OF BLACK OXIDE

Throughout history, weapon manufacturers have explored
different metal finishing processes to protect their carefully
crafted products from oxidisation. Their solution to the
problem was to oxidise the metal’s surface and render it inactive
from further attack.
The secrets of the chemical blacking processes known to the ancient

alchemists are nearly all lost. There are a few artisans who still practice some
of the traditional methods of blueing. Their metal-blacking process involves
dissolving copper nails in acid into which the item to be cold blacked is immersed,
followed by burial in the soil for a number of weeks. The result is a deep blue black
colour which when oiled has a lustrous appearance.
THE FUTURE
With the growth in popularity of the Blackfast process during the last 10 years, and its ubiquitous
use throughout Europe there has been the development of yet one more name for the process...
BLACKFASTING!!!
1
BLACKING
INTRODUCING ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING

BLACKFAST CHEMICALS PROCESS FOR ALUMINIUM, ZINC,
IRON AND STEEL
BLACKFAST CHEMICALS HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR OVER 30 YEARS THE BLACKFAST PROCESS IS SUITABLE FOR BOTH SMALL BLACKING LINES
AND AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION LINES
Blackfast Chemicals manufactures a unique product
for the blacking of iron and steel at room temperature.
Customers include well-known tooling manufacturers, OEMS
and hundreds of smaller independent engineers around the APPLICATIONS
world. Chemical blacking can be done by anyone. It is simple, fast
and inexpensive.
• Industrial Machinery Parts • Hand Tools
SIMPLE because the solutions are designed to be topped up and not • Cutting Tools • Jigs and Fixtures
replaced when they become weak.
• Tool Holders • Ball Screws
FAST because it is on-site and ready for use at any time. There is no preparation • Chains and Sprockets • Fasteners
required, the tank lids are taken off and the components are blacked without delay. • Springs • Gears
• Machine Tools • Hydraulic Machinery
INEXPENSIVE because the Blackfast solution coverage per litre is high and the resul- • Clutch Drive • Hydraulic Block
tant cost per unit of blacking is markedly less than the conventional method.
• Drill Bits • and many more...
VISIT OUR SAMPLE PROCESSING FACILITY/DEMO ROOM
Blackfast Chemicals has a sample processing facility/demonstration room in Leicestershire where anyone
who wishes to see the processes in operation is welcome.
1
BLACKING
INTRODUCING ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING

BLACKFAST CHEMICALS PROCESS FOR ALUMINIUM, ZINC,
IRON AND STEEL
BLACKFAST CHEMICALS HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR OVER 30 YEARS THE BLACKFAST PROCESS IS SUITABLE FOR BOTH SMALL BLACKING LINES
AND AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION LINES
Blackfast Chemicals manufactures a unique product
for the blacking of iron and steel at room temperature.
Customers include well-known tooling manufacturers, OEMS
and hundreds of smaller independent engineers around the APPLICATIONS
world. Chemical blacking can be done by anyone. It is simple, fast
and inexpensive.
• Industrial Machinery Parts • Hand Tools
SIMPLE because the solutions are designed to be topped up and not • Cutting Tools • Jigs and Fixtures
replaced when they become weak.
• Tool Holders • Ball Screws
FAST because it is on-site and ready for use at any time. There is no preparation • Chains and Sprockets • Fasteners
required, the tank lids are taken off and the components are blacked without delay. • Springs • Gears
• Machine Tools • Hydraulic Machinery
INEXPENSIVE because the Blackfast solution coverage per litre is high and the resul- • Clutch Drive • Hydraulic Block
tant cost per unit of blacking is markedly less than the conventional method.
• Drill Bits • and many more...
VISIT OUR SAMPLE PROCESSING FACILITY/DEMO ROOM
Blackfast Chemicals has a sample processing facility/demonstration room in Leicestershire where anyone
who wishes to see the processes in operation is welcome.
1
BLACKING
BLACKFAST OVERVIEW
BLACKFAST 20 LITRES BLACKFAST 50 LITRES INTRODUCTION
Blackfast is a specialist finish for colouring iron and steel components black. It is a
safe and easy-to-use chemical immersion process operated at room temperature.
The product’s unique quality is that the finish does not result in an alteration to the
dimension of the component. Any manufacturer of precision engineered components
requiring a decorative finish is a potential customer. These are commonly found within the
tooling and machinery manufacturing industry.
25 litres Blackfast 716 Degreaser 25 litres Blackfast 716 Degreaser
THE MARKET
Blackfast Chemicals, the UK leader and specialist in room temperature blacking, is successfully selling
the Blackfast range of products to light engineering companies and machinery companies domestically
and overseas. The customers of this product are companies that manufacture components from iron and
steel with critical dimensions. A uniform black finish to such components is today extremely popular and adds
5 litres Blackfast 551 Conditioner 10 litres Blackfast 551 Conditioner considerably to the perceived value of that product. Blackfast Chemicals’ UK customers range in size from the
largest, who purchase 10,000 litres/annum, to the smallest, who purchase 25 litres/annum. The product is sold in
5 and 25 litre containers. 25% of the customers manufacture machine tool related products, 5% hydraulic blocks
and components, 60% machinery including those for woodworking, metalworking, shoemaking, book binding, printing,
numbering, can making etc. 5% fasteners and miscellaneous items, 5% contract plating companies and jobbers.
10 litres Blackfast 181 Blacking 25 litres Blackfast 181 Blacking

THE PROCESS
The Blackfast process is grouped within the category of chemical blacking (not to be confused with parkerising or phosphating
processes!). The uniform black finish obtained is in the order of 0.2 to 3 microns thick and has a greater decorative than
protective value. Since the process does not materially affect dimensions, and a uniform colouring is obtained over threads, blind
holes etc., even when components are basketed, it is eminently suitable for small machined components. Processing entails
25 litres Blackfast 833 Dewatering oil 50 litres Blackfast 833 Dewatering Oil degreasing and, if necessary, derusting before immersion in a bath at room temperature. Corrosion protection is afforded by a
final immersion in a dewatering oil.
The process equipment required is a simple arrangement of polythene tanks and running water rinses and does not require
expensive extraction equipment. It is usually located in or adjacent to the manufacturing line. In most cases it is operated by
workers with no technical expertise in this field. The product is shown by a short demonstration using the potential customer’s
7 Plastic tank and lids 7 Plastic tank and lids own steel component. Any form of steel from mild through cast, to hardened tool steel, but not stainless steel, can be blacked.
(442mm x 296mm x 305mm) (600mm x 425mm x 425mm) At a purchase price of £12/litre of concentrated solution, the end user can expect to black, on average, one kilogram of steel for
12 pence. One litre of concentrated solution will cover between 4 and 8 square metres of steel depending upon the substrate
2 Small heat mats 2 Small heat mats
to be blacked.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION
The operator seldom finds it necessary to dispose of a working solution because during use, as the solution becomes weaker,
1 Steel frame (in two sections) 1 Steel frame (in two sections) the strength and balance of the solution is re-established by the addition of concetrated solution. In the event of a full tank being
discarded, the services of an authorised waste contractor will be required. The Blackfast process is successfully operated even
in countries with the most rigorous environment legislation including Scandinavia, Germany, Japan and the USA.
2 Stainless steel baskets 2 Stainless steel baskets
1
BLACKING
BLACKFAST OVERVIEW
BLACKFAST 20 LITRES BLACKFAST 50 LITRES INTRODUCTION
Blackfast is a specialist finish for colouring iron and steel components black. It is a
safe and easy-to-use chemical immersion process operated at room temperature.
The product’s unique quality is that the finish does not result in an alteration to the
dimension of the component. Any manufacturer of precision engineered components
requiring a decorative finish is a potential customer. These are commonly found within the
tooling and machinery manufacturing industry.
25 litres Blackfast 716 Degreaser 25 litres Blackfast 716 Degreaser
THE MARKET
Blackfast Chemicals, the UK leader and specialist in room temperature blacking, is successfully selling
the Blackfast range of products to light engineering companies and machinery companies domestically
and overseas. The customers of this product are companies that manufacture components from iron and
steel with critical dimensions. A uniform black finish to such components is today extremely popular and adds
5 litres Blackfast 551 Conditioner 10 litres Blackfast 551 Conditioner considerably to the perceived value of that product. Blackfast Chemicals’ UK customers range in size from the
largest, who purchase 10,000 litres/annum, to the smallest, who purchase 25 litres/annum. The product is sold in
5 and 25 litre containers. 25% of the customers manufacture machine tool related products, 5% hydraulic blocks
and components, 60% machinery including those for woodworking, metalworking, shoemaking, book binding, printing,
numbering, can making etc. 5% fasteners and miscellaneous items, 5% contract plating companies and jobbers.
10 litres Blackfast 181 Blacking 25 litres Blackfast 181 Blacking

THE PROCESS
The Blackfast process is grouped within the category of chemical blacking (not to be confused with parkerising or phosphating
processes!). The uniform black finish obtained is in the order of 0.2 to 3 microns thick and has a greater decorative than
protective value. Since the process does not materially affect dimensions, and a uniform colouring is obtained over threads, blind
holes etc., even when components are basketed, it is eminently suitable for small machined components. Processing entails
25 litres Blackfast 833 Dewatering oil 50 litres Blackfast 833 Dewatering Oil degreasing and, if necessary, derusting before immersion in a bath at room temperature. Corrosion protection is afforded by a
final immersion in a dewatering oil.
The process equipment required is a simple arrangement of polythene tanks and running water rinses and does not require
expensive extraction equipment. It is usually located in or adjacent to the manufacturing line. In most cases it is operated by
workers with no technical expertise in this field. The product is shown by a short demonstration using the potential customer’s
7 Plastic tank and lids 7 Plastic tank and lids own steel component. Any form of steel from mild through cast, to hardened tool steel, but not stainless steel, can be blacked.
(442mm x 296mm x 305mm) (600mm x 425mm x 425mm) At a purchase price of £12/litre of concentrated solution, the end user can expect to black, on average, one kilogram of steel for
12 pence. One litre of concentrated solution will cover between 4 and 8 square metres of steel depending upon the substrate
2 Small heat mats 2 Small heat mats
to be blacked.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION
The operator seldom finds it necessary to dispose of a working solution because during use, as the solution becomes weaker,
1 Steel frame (in two sections) 1 Steel frame (in two sections) the strength and balance of the solution is re-established by the addition of concetrated solution. In the event of a full tank being
discarded, the services of an authorised waste contractor will be required. The Blackfast process is successfully operated even
in countries with the most rigorous environment legislation including Scandinavia, Germany, Japan and the USA.
2 Stainless steel baskets 2 Stainless steel baskets
1
BLACKING
ROOM TEMPERATURE
DEGREASING Parts should be as clean as possible, even • Load the “oil free” basket, jig or hook (Rack) with component(s) and place in tub
1
BLACKING OF IRON 1:1 Water:
before placing into degreaser! • Agitate the rack periodically to ensure even contact
• Leave 15- 20 minutes until cleaned (Leave longer for heavily soiled parts)
• Lift rack out, DRAIN WELL to prevent carryover contamination and product wastage
AND STEEL 15-20 mins Degreaser

BLACKFAST 716 > 20°C
• Place rack in rinse tub
Blackfasts’ room temperature blacking process is a simple dip

operation specifically designed for use in factories.
The process does not materially affect dimensions and a

RINSE Rinse - Clean Running Tap Water • Leave for one minute with gentle agitation or aeration
• Lift rack out, DRAIN WELL to prevent carryover 2
uniform colouring is obtained over machined surfaces, threads
and blind holes. Blacking is achieved by chemical conversion of 30 secs
the metal surface. The process entails degreasing, immersion
in a surface conditioner, and blacking solution. Corrosion
protection is afforded by a final immersion in a dewatering oil.
CONDITIONING Note: For EN3B, O1, A2, 1020-1021, 4140, 1018,
High Speed Steel, Ground Surfaces or Hard Metals
• Place rack in Conditioner tub
• Soak for 15 – 30 seconds (NO LONGER)
3
Omit Step 3. Note: Tank label says 1–2 minutes; this time would be required only when the solution is old and weak
9:1 Water: • Agitate the rack to ensure even contact with liquid
THE BLACKFAST 1 mins Conditioner

BLACKFAST 551
• Lift rack out, DRAIN WELL to prevent carryover and product wastage
PROCEDURE
If the material surface has slight red rust, mill scale or RINSE Rinse - Clean Running Tap Water • Leave for one minute with gentle agitation or aeration
• Lift rack out, DRAIN WELL to prevent carryover
4
prismatic colour distortion caused by heat treating, this
should be mechanically or chemically*** removed before
conditioning. 30 secs
23.5-33.5 min
BLACKING Blacken – Blackfast 181 Blackener • Place rack in Blackener tub

• Soak for 10 seconds, remove and examine for even colour change * 5
• Agitate the rack gently to ensure even blacking
3:1 Water: • Soak for another 5 – 50 seconds until blacking is complete (NO LONGER)**
1 min Blacking Liquid • Lift rack out immediately, DRAIN WELL to prevent carryover and product wastage
BLACKFAST 181 > 20°C • Place rack in rinse tub
(diluted to 25%)
RINSE Rinse - Clean Running Tap Water • Leave for 1 minute with gentle agitation or aeration
6
30 secs
DEWATERING • Place rack in dewatering tub

• Soak for 10 minutes 7
Neat Dewatering Oil: • Lift rack out, DRAIN WELL, place on draining rack
BLACKFAST 833 or • Allow to air dry for 45 minutes before handling
5–10 mins 4:1 Dewatering Oil:
BLACKFAST 925
(diluted to 20%)
NOTES
AIR DRY MAINTENANCE * If colour change is patchy, rinse and return to tub 1 for further degreasing.
A patchy black is usually due to oil contamination, solution not up to
• Keep levels of the four main products topped up with fresh diluted working solution temperature or contaminated rinse water.
• Skim oil & scum from top of Degreasing tub number 1 if visible ** Items left in 181 too long will smut. If smutting has occurred, wipe excess
• Filter the 181 Blacking solutions upon notice of grey deposit in bottom of tub, either smut off with a rag after rinsing then rinse again in step 6.
through a paper coffee filter (small system) or by pumping through a 50-micron filter *** Procedure for chemically removing rust, mill scale or heat caused colour
cartridge with a fountain pump distortion is: Soak parts for 5 – 10 minutes in a 15% Hydrochloric (Muriatic)
Acid Bath. Mechanical removal of above would involve sandblasting, wire brush,
8 | BLACKFAST CHEMICALS LIMITED | www.blackfast.com | +44 (0) 208 339 7370
or other slight abrasive.
1
BLACKING
ROOM TEMPERATURE
DEGREASING Parts should be as clean as possible, even • Load the “oil free” basket, jig or hook (Rack) with component(s) and place in tub
1
BLACKING OF IRON 1:1 Water:
before placing into degreaser! • Agitate the rack periodically to ensure even contact
• Leave 15- 20 minutes until cleaned (Leave longer for heavily soiled parts)
• Lift rack out, DRAIN WELL to prevent carryover contamination and product wastage
AND STEEL 15-20 mins Degreaser

BLACKFAST 716 > 20°C
Blackfasts’ room temperature blacking process is a simple dip

operation specifically designed for use in factories.
The process does not materially affect dimensions and a

RINSE Rinse - Clean Running Tap Water • Leave for one minute with gentle agitation or aeration
• Lift rack out, DRAIN WELL to prevent carryover 2
uniform colouring is obtained over machined surfaces, threads
and blind holes. Blacking is achieved by chemical conversion of 30 secs
the metal surface. The process entails degreasing, immersion
in a surface conditioner, and blacking solution. Corrosion
protection is afforded by a final immersion in a dewatering oil.
CONDITIONING Note: For EN3B, O1, A2, 1020-1021, 4140, 1018,
High Speed Steel, Ground Surfaces or Hard Metals
• Place rack in Conditioner tub
• Soak for 15 – 30 seconds (NO LONGER)
3
Omit Step 3. Note: Tank label says 1–2 minutes; this time would be required only when the solution is old and weak
9:1 Water: • Agitate the rack to ensure even contact with liquid
THE BLACKFAST 1 mins Conditioner

BLACKFAST 551
• Lift rack out, DRAIN WELL to prevent carryover and product wastage
PROCEDURE
If the material surface has slight red rust, mill scale or RINSE Rinse - Clean Running Tap Water • Leave for one minute with gentle agitation or aeration
4
prismatic colour distortion caused by heat treating, this
should be mechanically or chemically*** removed before
conditioning. 30 secs
23.5-33.5 min
BLACKING Blacken – Blackfast 181 Blackener • Place rack in Blackener tub

• Soak for 10 seconds, remove and examine for even colour change * 5
• Agitate the rack gently to ensure even blacking
3:1 Water: • Soak for another 5 – 50 seconds until blacking is complete (NO LONGER)**
1 min Blacking Liquid • Lift rack out immediately, DRAIN WELL to prevent carryover and product wastage
BLACKFAST 181 > 20°C • Place rack in rinse tub
(diluted to 25%)
RINSE Rinse - Clean Running Tap Water • Leave for 1 minute with gentle agitation or aeration
6
30 secs
DEWATERING • Place rack in dewatering tub

• Soak for 10 minutes 7
Neat Dewatering Oil: • Lift rack out, DRAIN WELL, place on draining rack
BLACKFAST 833 or • Allow to air dry for 45 minutes before handling
5–10 mins 4:1 Dewatering Oil:
BLACKFAST 925
(diluted to 20%)
NOTES
AIR DRY MAINTENANCE * If colour change is patchy, rinse and return to tub 1 for further degreasing.
A patchy black is usually due to oil contamination, solution not up to
• Keep levels of the four main products topped up with fresh diluted working solution temperature or contaminated rinse water.
• Skim oil & scum from top of Degreasing tub number 1 if visible ** Items left in 181 too long will smut. If smutting has occurred, wipe excess
• Filter the 181 Blacking solutions upon notice of grey deposit in bottom of tub, either smut off with a rag after rinsing then rinse again in step 6.
through a paper coffee filter (small system) or by pumping through a 50-micron filter *** Procedure for chemically removing rust, mill scale or heat caused colour
cartridge with a fountain pump distortion is: Soak parts for 5 – 10 minutes in a 15% Hydrochloric (Muriatic)
Acid Bath. Mechanical removal of above would involve sandblasting, wire brush,
8 | BLACKFAST CHEMICALS LIMITED | www.blackfast.com | +44 (0) 208 339 7370
or other slight abrasive.
1
BLACKING
ACCELERATED ACCELERATED
CORROSION TESTS CORROSION TESTS
(SOLVENT/MINERAL OIL CORROSION PREVENTATIVE) BLACKFAST 925
Standard test procedure Standard test procedure
Salt spray - ASTM B117 (days to 5% rust by area) Salt spray - ASTM B117 (days to 5% rust by area)
Humidity Cabinet DIN 50017 SK (days to 4 rust spots or any rust spot >1mm diameter) Humidity Cabinet DIN 50017 SK (days to 4 rust spots or any rust spot >1mm diameter)
Steel panels were dipped in Blackfast 833 and 841 and left to dry naturally overnight. Steel panels were dipped in Blackfast 925 and left to dry naturally overnight.
Test 1 Salt Spray Cabinet ASTM B117 (5% NaCI @ 35 °C) Test 1 The solution was operated at a 13.8% strength and at a working temperature of 50 °C
Sample 1 - Blackfast 181 and 833 oil showed slight edge corrosion after 48 hours and a Tests in a humidty cabinet showed no rust after 144 hours (6 days) when it was completed.
marked increase in corrosion after 72 hours.
Sample 2 - Blackfast 181 and 841 oil showed signs of corrosion after 120 hours.
Test 2 Tests were conducted operating the solution at 20% strength and the panels were
placed in both a humidity and salt spray cabinet.
Test 2 Humidity Cabinet Test (100% Water @ 40 °C)
Humidity cabinet tests averaged 244 hours (10 days).
Both samples showed no signs of corrosion after 400 hours.
Salt spray test averaged 24 hours.
This represents very good corrosion protection properties for components in normal
storage conditions, or working environments. This represents very good corrosion protection properties for components in normal storage
conditions, or working environments. It should also be noted that even better corrosion protection
can be achieved if components are dried quickly at elevated temperatures.
1
BLACKING
ACCELERATED ACCELERATED
CORROSION TESTS CORROSION TESTS
(SOLVENT/MINERAL OIL CORROSION PREVENTATIVE) BLACKFAST 925
Standard test procedure Standard test procedure
Salt spray - ASTM B117 (days to 5% rust by area) Salt spray - ASTM B117 (days to 5% rust by area)
Humidity Cabinet DIN 50017 SK (days to 4 rust spots or any rust spot >1mm diameter) Humidity Cabinet DIN 50017 SK (days to 4 rust spots or any rust spot >1mm diameter)
Steel panels were dipped in Blackfast 833 and 841 and left to dry naturally overnight. Steel panels were dipped in Blackfast 925 and left to dry naturally overnight.
Test 1 Salt Spray Cabinet ASTM B117 (5% NaCI @ 35 °C) Test 1 The solution was operated at a 13.8% strength and at a working temperature of 50 °C
Sample 1 - Blackfast 181 and 833 oil showed slight edge corrosion after 48 hours and a Tests in a humidty cabinet showed no rust after 144 hours (6 days) when it was completed.
marked increase in corrosion after 72 hours.
Sample 2 - Blackfast 181 and 841 oil showed signs of corrosion after 120 hours.
Test 2 Tests were conducted operating the solution at 20% strength and the panels were
placed in both a humidity and salt spray cabinet.
Test 2 Humidity Cabinet Test (100% Water @ 40 °C)
Humidity cabinet tests averaged 244 hours (10 days).
Both samples showed no signs of corrosion after 400 hours.
Salt spray test averaged 24 hours.
This represents very good corrosion protection properties for components in normal
storage conditions, or working environments. This represents very good corrosion protection properties for components in normal storage
conditions, or working environments. It should also be noted that even better corrosion protection
can be achieved if components are dried quickly at elevated temperatures.
1
BLACKING
20 LITRE BLACKFAST BLACKING LINE FRAMES AVAILABLE FROM STOCK
Frames Available From Stock
500
mm
BLACKFAST
716 WATER RINSE 551 WATER RINSE 181 WATER RINSE DYE 833
900mm
1650mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
1 2 3
BLACKFAST
WATER
WATER
WATER
WATER
181 833
716
551
716
551
WATER RINSE DYE
181 WATER 833 181 716 WATER 551 WATER 181 WATER 833 181
716 WATER 551 WATER
181
WATER
833 WATER 181
833 WATER 181
WATER
551
WATER
OIL
716
1
BLACKING
20 LITRE BLACKFAST BLACKING LINE FRAMES AVAILABLE FROM STOCK
Frames Available From Stock
500
mm
BLACKFAST
716 WATER RINSE 551 WATER RINSE 181 WATER RINSE DYE 833
900mm
1650mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
1 2 3
BLACKFAST
WATER
WATER
WATER
WATER
181 833
716
551
716
551
WATER RINSE DYE
181 WATER 833 181 716 WATER 551 WATER 181 WATER 833 181
716 WATER 551 WATER
181
WATER
833 WATER 181
833 WATER 181
WATER
551
WATER
OIL
716
1
BLACKING
50-100 LITRE BLACKFAST BLACKING LINE
695
mm
BLACKFAST
716 WATER RINSE 551 WATER RINSE 181 WATER RINSE DYE OIL
925mm
925mm
2385mm
2385mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
1 2 3
BLACKFAST
WATER
WATER
181
716
551
WATER RINSE DYE OIL
716 WATER 551 WATER 181 WATER OIL WATER 716 WATER 551 WATER 181 WATER OIL 181
181
OIL WATER 181 WATER OIL WATER 181 OIL WATER 181
WATER
551
WATER
OIL
716
1
BLACKING
50-100 LITRE BLACKFAST BLACKING LINE
695
mm
BLACKFAST
716 WATER RINSE 551 WATER RINSE 181 WATER RINSE DYE OIL
925mm
925mm
2385mm
2385mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
1 2 3
BLACKFAST
WATER
WATER
181
716
551
WATER RINSE DYE OIL
716 WATER 551 WATER 181 WATER OIL WATER 716 WATER 551 WATER 181 WATER OIL 181
181
OIL WATER 181 WATER OIL WATER 181 OIL WATER 181
WATER
551
WATER
OIL
716
1
BLACKING
APPLICATION DATA SHEET APPLICATION DATA SHEET

BLACKFAST 551 CONDITIONER
BLACKFAST 181 IRON/STEEL BLACKING SOLUTION
25% solution in water. USE 10% solution in water.

USE
Blackfast 181 will chemically black cast iron and steels containing 12% chromium or less at room APPLICATION Hardened steels and cast iron may not require conditioning but for the majority, and especially
APPLICATION
temperature (20 ºC). Blacking performance may be adversely affected by temperatures lower mild steels, the use of Blackfast 551 results in a homogenous surface ready for blacking. After
than 16 ºC. Preparation of the surface of the item to be blacked is carried out using one or more degreasing (and pickling if necessary) steels are clean but usually exhibit surface variations
steps involving degreasing, pickling and conditioning using the appropriate Blackfast products which, if not treated, can result in uneven blacked surfaces. Immersion for 1-2 minutes in a
with intermediate flowing water rinses. Once the surface is chemically clean and, if necessary, 10% solution of Blackfast 551 in water, prepares the surface so that consistent blacking is
conditioned, the item is immersed in the Blackfast solution for 1 minute. achieved.
Components are normally jigged or barrelled with agitation if necessary to ensure all parts of the Immersion for a longer period is not recommended since over-conditioning leads to
metal surface are in contact with the liquid. Following blacking, the item is rinsed in a flowing inconsistent blacking and patchy results.
water bath and finally dipped in a dewatering oil such as Blackfast 925, 833 or 841 depending on
the type of finish required. Thus a typical blacking line can involve 7 tanks (degreasing - rinse - TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of a suitable polypropylene.
conditioning - rinse - blacking - rinse - oiling).
PRODUCTS SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.

TESTING & CONTROL When in regular use, the performance of Blackfast 181 can be monitored readily by the
DATA SHEET
appearance of the blacked components and the time taken to achieve the correct result. In
addition, a simple test can be undertaken to check the strength of the tank solution.
Blackfast 551 is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
10ml of tank solution is placed in a transparent conical flask and a few drops of bromocresol green
aluminium at low temperatures.
indicator added. The contents of the flask are titrated with a test solution (N/25 NaOH) until the
original green colour has changed to blue. Consumption of 20ml of the test solution indicates a
Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products
tank of the correct strength. For each 1ml shortfall from the reading of 20ml, it is necessary to
and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice.
add 1.25% Blackfast 181 (i.e. for a 100 litre bath add 1.25 litres of Blackfast 181).
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be of plastic, rubber-lined steel or stainless steel.
PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.

DATA SHEET
Blackfast 181 is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and aluminium
at low temperatures.
Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products and
reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice.
1
BLACKING

BLACKFAST 551 CONDITIONER
BLACKFAST 181 IRON/STEEL BLACKING SOLUTION
25% solution in water. USE 10% solution in water.

USE
Blackfast 181 will chemically black cast iron and steels containing 12% chromium or less at room APPLICATION Hardened steels and cast iron may not require conditioning but for the majority, and especially
APPLICATION
temperature (20 ºC). Blacking performance may be adversely affected by temperatures lower mild steels, the use of Blackfast 551 results in a homogenous surface ready for blacking. After
than 16 ºC. Preparation of the surface of the item to be blacked is carried out using one or more degreasing (and pickling if necessary) steels are clean but usually exhibit surface variations
steps involving degreasing, pickling and conditioning using the appropriate Blackfast products which, if not treated, can result in uneven blacked surfaces. Immersion for 1-2 minutes in a
with intermediate flowing water rinses. Once the surface is chemically clean and, if necessary, 10% solution of Blackfast 551 in water, prepares the surface so that consistent blacking is
conditioned, the item is immersed in the Blackfast solution for 1 minute. achieved.
Components are normally jigged or barrelled with agitation if necessary to ensure all parts of the Immersion for a longer period is not recommended since over-conditioning leads to
metal surface are in contact with the liquid. Following blacking, the item is rinsed in a flowing inconsistent blacking and patchy results.
water bath and finally dipped in a dewatering oil such as Blackfast 925, 833 or 841 depending on
the type of finish required. Thus a typical blacking line can involve 7 tanks (degreasing - rinse - TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of a suitable polypropylene.
conditioning - rinse - blacking - rinse - oiling).
PRODUCTS SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.

TESTING & CONTROL When in regular use, the performance of Blackfast 181 can be monitored readily by the
DATA SHEET
appearance of the blacked components and the time taken to achieve the correct result. In
addition, a simple test can be undertaken to check the strength of the tank solution.
10ml of tank solution is placed in a transparent conical flask and a few drops of bromocresol green
indicator added. The contents of the flask are titrated with a test solution (N/25 NaOH) until the
original green colour has changed to blue. Consumption of 20ml of the test solution indicates a
tank of the correct strength. For each 1ml shortfall from the reading of 20ml, it is necessary to
add 1.25% Blackfast 181 (i.e. for a 100 litre bath add 1.25 litres of Blackfast 181).
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be of plastic, rubber-lined steel or stainless steel.

DATA SHEET
1
BLACKING

BLACKFAST 716 LIGHT ALKALINE DEGREASER BLACKFAST 833 DEWATERING OIL MEDIUM
USE Use as supplied

USE As supplied or 50% solution in water.
APPLICATION Following the water rinse immediately after the blacking operation, the blacked component is
APPLICATION Blackfast 716 is a light alkaline degreaser used in the preparation of clean metal surfaces prior immersed in a tank of dewatering oil for 10 minutes. Remove and allow 45 minutes to air dry. This
to the blacking process. Used in a dilution of 50% in water for 15-20 minutes, Blackfast 716 will procedure ensures that the water is removed from the surface of the component and establishes
degrease iron and steels at room temperature. However, immersion times will vary according to a protective anticorrosive layer within the black coating. Ensure that the immersed component is
the condition of the component. More heavily oiled and greased parts can be treated first using suspended above any water which may accumulate in the bottom of the tank. This water should be
Blackfast 250, a solvent degreaser, and finished off effectively with Blackfast 716. drained periodically. Components, particularly those with blind holes, threads or porous surfaces
should be rotated or agitated within the dewatering oil to ensure all the water is displaced and
removed. Larger flat surfaces must be suspended vertically to facilitate run off of water.
TANK MAINTENANCE It is important to maintain the strength of Blackfast 716 by removing 10% of the tank content
every 1-2 weeks and replenishing with fresh material. The effectiveness of a Blackfast 716 tank
can be checked regularly by examining the water rinsed components after degreasing. If water
TANK MAINTENANCE To ensure that the dewatering oil is maintaining its efficiency, check treated components for
rinse drains unevenly showing dry patches, the surface is still contaminated with oil or grease and streaks, discolouration or rust development all of which indicate that the product requires
requires further degreasing through a fresh Blackfast 716 tank. replenishment.
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of mild steel or suitable grade of polypropylene. Keep the tank covered when not in use to prevent evaporation of white spirit. A tank in continuous
use will require vapour extraction.
PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available. A safety data sheet is available.
PRODUCT SAFETY
DATA SHEET DATA SHEET
Blackfast 716 is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and Blackfast 833 is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
aluminium at low temperatures. aluminium at low temperatures.
Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products and
and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice. reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice.
1
BLACKING

BLACKFAST 716 LIGHT ALKALINE DEGREASER BLACKFAST 833 DEWATERING OIL MEDIUM
USE Use as supplied

APPLICATION Blackfast 716 is a light alkaline degreaser used in the preparation of clean metal surfaces prior immersed in a tank of dewatering oil for 10 minutes. Remove and allow 45 minutes to air dry. This
to the blacking process. Used in a dilution of 50% in water for 15-20 minutes, Blackfast 716 will procedure ensures that the water is removed from the surface of the component and establishes
degrease iron and steels at room temperature. However, immersion times will vary according to a protective anticorrosive layer within the black coating. Ensure that the immersed component is
the condition of the component. More heavily oiled and greased parts can be treated first using suspended above any water which may accumulate in the bottom of the tank. This water should be
Blackfast 250, a solvent degreaser, and finished off effectively with Blackfast 716. drained periodically. Components, particularly those with blind holes, threads or porous surfaces
every 1-2 weeks and replenishing with fresh material. The effectiveness of a Blackfast 716 tank
TANK MAINTENANCE To ensure that the dewatering oil is maintaining its efficiency, check treated components for
rinse drains unevenly showing dry patches, the surface is still contaminated with oil or grease and streaks, discolouration or rust development all of which indicate that the product requires
requires further degreasing through a fresh Blackfast 716 tank. replenishment.
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of mild steel or suitable grade of polypropylene. Keep the tank covered when not in use to prevent evaporation of white spirit. A tank in continuous
PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available. A safety data sheet is available.
PRODUCT SAFETY
DATA SHEET DATA SHEET
Blackfast 716 is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and Blackfast 833 is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
aluminium at low temperatures. aluminium at low temperatures.
Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products and
and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice. reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice.
1
BLACKING
APPLICATION DATA SHEET

BLACKFAST 925 WATER-BASED CORROSION PREVENTATIVE - MEDIUM
ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING FOR ALUMINIUM
USE Operate at a dilution of 15 - 20% depending upon the degree of corrosion protection required.
Fill the mild/stainless steel tank 3/4 full with warm water and add Blackfast 925 slowly whilst
mixing vigorously.
APPLICATION Following the water rinse immediately after the blacking operation, the components are
immersed in the tank of Blackfast 925 either in a basket or suspended individually for 5 minutes.
Agitate small items and rotate those with complicated shapes. They are then placed on a draining
board.
To accelerate the drying time and improve the quality of the corrosion preventative film, operate
the bath at 35 - 40 ºC. Allow 45 minutes drying time before handling the components.
The solution should be agitated during use.
TANK MAINTENANCE The bath level needs to be topped up every day to replace water losses due to evaporation. In
hard water areas the life of the bath will be extended by using demineralised water. Viscous scum
will need to be removed regularly.
The operating life of the bath will be determined by the amount of work processed and can be
dramatically shortened if a quantity of blacking solution is carried over into the bath.
Addition of new Blackfast 925 should be made by pre-mixing a concentrated solution of equal
parts of 925 and warm water. This emulsion is added to the tank whilst mixing.
Shelf life of the concentrate solution at ambient temperature: 1 year.

DATA SHEET
1
BLACKING

BLACKFAST 925 WATER-BASED CORROSION PREVENTATIVE - MEDIUM
ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING FOR ALUMINIUM
USE Operate at a dilution of 15 - 20% depending upon the degree of corrosion protection required.
Fill the mild/stainless steel tank 3/4 full with warm water and add Blackfast 925 slowly whilst
mixing vigorously.
APPLICATION Following the water rinse immediately after the blacking operation, the components are
immersed in the tank of Blackfast 925 either in a basket or suspended individually for 5 minutes.
Agitate small items and rotate those with complicated shapes. They are then placed on a draining
board.
To accelerate the drying time and improve the quality of the corrosion preventative film, operate
the bath at 35 - 40 ºC. Allow 45 minutes drying time before handling the components.
The solution should be agitated during use.
TANK MAINTENANCE The bath level needs to be topped up every day to replace water losses due to evaporation. In
hard water areas the life of the bath will be extended by using demineralised water. Viscous scum
will need to be removed regularly.
The operating life of the bath will be determined by the amount of work processed and can be
dramatically shortened if a quantity of blacking solution is carried over into the bath.
Addition of new Blackfast 925 should be made by pre-mixing a concentrated solution of equal
parts of 925 and warm water. This emulsion is added to the tank whilst mixing.
Shelf life of the concentrate solution at ambient temperature: 1 year.

DATA SHEET
2
ALUMINIUM
BLACKING
ROOM TEMPERATURE A TYPICAL LINE WOULD BE PROCESS IN PICTURES

CONFIGURED AS FOLLOWS:
BLACKING OF > 15°C
>15°C
DEGREASING DEGREASING
ALUMINIUM 15 - 20 mins
1:1 WATER:
DEGREASER > 15°C
>15°C 15 - 20 mins
1:1 WATER:
DEGREASER
BLACKFAST 716 BLACKFAST 716
> 15°C
Blackfast’s room temperature blacking process is >15°C
a simple dip operation specifically designed for use
in factories. RINSE > 15°C
>15°C
RINSE
30 secs 30 secs
A uniform colouring is obtained over machined surfaces, > 15°C
>20°C
threads and blind holes. Blacking is achieved by chemical
conversion of the metal surface. CONDITIONING > 15°C
>20°C CONDITIONING
3:1 WATER: 3:1 WATER:
> 15°C
>20°C
The process entails degreasing, etching, immersion in a surface 40 - 60 secs CONDITIONER 40 - 60 secs CONDITIONER
conditioner, and blacking solution. Corrosion protection is BLACKFAST 451 1. DEGREASING
BLACKFAST 451 2. CONDITIONING
afforded by a final immersion in a dewatering oil. > 15°C
>20°C
RINSE RINSE
30 secs 30 secs
> 15°C
>15°C
ETCHING ETCHING
9:1 WATER: ETCH > 15°C
>15°C 9:1 WATER: ETCH
2 - 3 mins BLACKFAST 571 2 - 3 mins BLACKFAST 571
REPEAT ONCE
> 15°C
>15°C
RINSE > 15°C

>15°C RINSE
40 - 41min 40 - 41min
30 secs 30 secs
> 15°C
>20°C
> 15°C
>15°C
• Make sure the aluminium is really clean CONDITIONING > 15°C
>20°C CONDITIONING
• Keep solutions up to strength and temperature 3:1 WATER: 3:1 WATER:
40 - 60 secs 3. CONDITIONER
ETCHING 4. CONDITIONING
> 15°C
>20°C
• Hydrogen gas is produced, which can form an explosive 40 - 60 secs CONDITIONER
mixture in air > 15°C
>15°C
> 15°C
>20°C
Make sure that the extraction and ventilation is working
correctly RINSE RINSE
• Do not over-condition. You are looking for an even, grey
30 secs 30 secs
coating > 15°C
>20°C
• For different alloy grades you may be required to repeat
the conditioner - etch / conditioner steps more than
twice to obtain the desired finish BLACKING BLACKING
• Do not over-black. If this happens the surface will be 30 - 60 secs BLACKING LIQUID
> 15°C
>20°C
30 - 60 secs BLACKING LIQUID
smutty BLACKFAST 481 BLACKFAST 481
• Keep a separate basket for the oil tank or degrease the
basket after oiling
• Keep the rinse waters clean. This will extend the life of RINSE RINSE
the tanks and prevent cross contamination 30 secs 30 secs
• Components can be force dried at elevated
temperatures
DEWATERING DEWATERING
NEAT DEWATER- NEAT DEWATER-
5 - 10 mins ING OIL 5 - 10 mins 5.ING
BLACKING
OIL 6. DEWATERING
AIR DRY AIR DRY

2
ALUMINIUM
BLACKING
ROOM TEMPERATURE A TYPICAL LINE WOULD BE PROCESS IN PICTURES

CONFIGURED AS FOLLOWS:
BLACKING OF > 15°C
>15°C
ALUMINIUM 15 - 20 mins
1:1 WATER:
DEGREASER > 15°C
>15°C 15 - 20 mins
1:1 WATER:
DEGREASER
> 15°C
Blackfast’s room temperature blacking process is >15°C
a simple dip operation specifically designed for use
in factories. RINSE > 15°C
>15°C
RINSE
30 secs 30 secs
A uniform colouring is obtained over machined surfaces, > 15°C
>20°C
threads and blind holes. Blacking is achieved by chemical
conversion of the metal surface. CONDITIONING > 15°C
>20°C CONDITIONING
> 15°C
>20°C
The process entails degreasing, etching, immersion in a surface 40 - 60 secs CONDITIONER 40 - 60 secs CONDITIONER
conditioner, and blacking solution. Corrosion protection is BLACKFAST 451 1. DEGREASING
BLACKFAST 451 2. CONDITIONING
afforded by a final immersion in a dewatering oil. > 15°C
>20°C
RINSE RINSE
30 secs 30 secs
> 15°C
>15°C
ETCHING ETCHING
9:1 WATER: ETCH > 15°C
>15°C 9:1 WATER: ETCH
2 - 3 mins BLACKFAST 571 2 - 3 mins BLACKFAST 571
REPEAT ONCE
> 15°C
>15°C
RINSE > 15°C

>15°C RINSE
40 - 41min 40 - 41min
30 secs 30 secs
> 15°C
>20°C
> 15°C
>15°C
• Make sure the aluminium is really clean CONDITIONING > 15°C
>20°C CONDITIONING
• Keep solutions up to strength and temperature 3:1 WATER: 3:1 WATER:
40 - 60 secs 3. CONDITIONER
ETCHING 4. CONDITIONING
> 15°C
>20°C
• Hydrogen gas is produced, which can form an explosive 40 - 60 secs CONDITIONER
mixture in air > 15°C
>15°C
> 15°C
>20°C
Make sure that the extraction and ventilation is working
correctly RINSE RINSE
• Do not over-condition. You are looking for an even, grey
30 secs 30 secs
coating > 15°C
>20°C
• For different alloy grades you may be required to repeat
the conditioner - etch / conditioner steps more than
twice to obtain the desired finish BLACKING BLACKING
• Do not over-black. If this happens the surface will be 30 - 60 secs BLACKING LIQUID
> 15°C
>20°C
30 - 60 secs BLACKING LIQUID
smutty BLACKFAST 481 BLACKFAST 481
• Keep a separate basket for the oil tank or degrease the
basket after oiling
• Keep the rinse waters clean. This will extend the life of RINSE RINSE
the tanks and prevent cross contamination 30 secs 30 secs
• Components can be force dried at elevated
temperatures
DEWATERING DEWATERING
NEAT DEWATER- NEAT DEWATER-
5 - 10 mins ING OIL 5 - 10 mins 5.ING
BLACKING
OIL 6. DEWATERING
AIR DRY AIR DRY

2
ALUMINIUM
BLACKING

BLACKFAST 716 LIGHT ALKALINE DEGREASER BLACKFAST 517 ACID PICKLE HEAVY
USE As supplied or 50% solution in water. USE Use diluted 9:1
APPLICATION Blackfast 716 is a light alkaline degreaser used in the preparation of clean metal surfaces prior to APPLICATION All aluminium surfaces will require conditioning before blacking. After treatment in Blackfast 451,
the blacking process. Used in a dilution of 50% in water for 15 - 20 minutes, Blackfast 716 will the workpiece is immersed in Blackfast 517 for 2 - 3 minutes, rinsed and returned to Blackfast 451
degrease iron and steels at room temperature. However, immersion times will vary according to until an even, grey colour is developed.
the condition of the component. More heavily oiled and greased parts can be treated first using
Blackfast 250, a solvent degreaser, and finished off effectively with Blackfast 716. Repeat as necessary followed by immersion in Blackfast 481 for 60 seconds.
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of a suitable polypropylene.

every 1 - 2 weeks and replenishing with fresh material. The effectiveness of a Blackfast 716 tank
can be checked regularly by examining the water rinsed components after degreasing. If water PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.
rinse drains unevenly showing dry patches, the surface is still contaminated with oil or grease and DATA SHEET
requires further degreasing through a fresh Blackfast 716 tank.
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of mild steel or suitable grade of polypropylene. Blackfast 517 is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available. Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products
DATA SHEET and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice.
2
ALUMINIUM
BLACKING

BLACKFAST 716 LIGHT ALKALINE DEGREASER BLACKFAST 517 ACID PICKLE HEAVY
USE As supplied or 50% solution in water. USE Use diluted 9:1
APPLICATION Blackfast 716 is a light alkaline degreaser used in the preparation of clean metal surfaces prior to APPLICATION All aluminium surfaces will require conditioning before blacking. After treatment in Blackfast 451,
the blacking process. Used in a dilution of 50% in water for 15 - 20 minutes, Blackfast 716 will the workpiece is immersed in Blackfast 517 for 2 - 3 minutes, rinsed and returned to Blackfast 451
degrease iron and steels at room temperature. However, immersion times will vary according to until an even, grey colour is developed.
Blackfast 250, a solvent degreaser, and finished off effectively with Blackfast 716. Repeat as necessary followed by immersion in Blackfast 481 for 60 seconds.
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of a suitable polypropylene.

can be checked regularly by examining the water rinsed components after degreasing. If water PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.
rinse drains unevenly showing dry patches, the surface is still contaminated with oil or grease and DATA SHEET
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of mild steel or suitable grade of polypropylene. Blackfast 517 is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available. Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products
DATA SHEET and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice.
2
ALUMINIUM
BLACKING

BLACKFAST 451 ALUMINIUM CONDITIONER BLACKFAST 481 ALUMINIUM BLACKING SOLUTION
USE 25% solution in water. USE 25% solution in water.
APPLICATION All aluminium surfaces will require conditioning before blacking. Immerse the prepared aluminium APPLICATION Blackfast 481, when used with the other Blackfast aluminium blacking products, will chemically
component for between 30 seconds and 1 minute into a 25% solution of Blackfast 451 in water. black aluminium at room temperature (20 ºC). Blacking performance may be adversely affected
by temperatures lower than 16 ºC. Preparation of the surface of the item to be blacked is carried
When an even, grey colour is achieved remove the component. Wash all traces of the conditioning out using Blackfast degreasing, etching and conditioning products with intermediate flowing water
solution from the aluminium surface prior to immersion in the blacking solution. rinses. Once the surface is chemically clean and conditioned, the item is immersed in Blackfast 481
solution for 30 seconds to 1 minute. Components are normally jigged or placed in a basket and
Local exhaust ventilation is recommended. The etching and conditioning solutions contain Sodium agitated if necessary to ensure all parts of the metal surface are in contact with the liquid. Following
Hydroxide which reacts with aluminium, producing Hydrogen gas. blacking, the item is rinsed in a flowing water bath and finally dipped in a dewatering oil such as
Blackfast 833 or 933 depending on the type of finish required. Thus a typical blacking line can
Hydrogen can form explosive mixtures in air. involve 9 tanks (degreasing - rinse - etching - rinse - conditioning - rinse - blacking - rinse - oiling).
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be of polypropylene. Local exhaust ventilation is recommended. The etching and conditioning solutions contain Sodium
Hydroxide which react with aluminium producing Hydrogen gas. Hydrogen can form explosive
mixtures in air.
SOLUTION STRENGTH Take a 10ml sample of blackfast 451 from the tank. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator
CONTROL solution and the colour changes to a deep pink.
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be of polypropylene, rubber lined steel or stainless steel.
Titrate without delay with a normal solution of Hydrochloric acid. The colour change is from
pink to milky white. An addition of 30ml of Hydrochloric acid indicates the working solution
SOLUTION STRENGTH The test is carried out by taking 10ml of Blackfast 481 blacking solution from the working tank and
is satisfactory. For each 1ml shortfall it is necessary to top up the bath with 1% Blackfast 451
CONTROL adding a few drops of bromocresol green. The solution becomes green/yellow in colour. 0.04M
concentrate.
(N/25) Sodium Hydroxide is added until the solution turns blue. An addition of 8 ml indicates the
working solution is satisfactory. For each 1ml shortfall, it is necessary to top up the working tank
with 3% Blackfast 481 cencentrated solution.
DATA SHEET
This solution is corrosive and contains Sodium Hydroxide. Refer to data sheet before use. DATA SHEET
aluminium at low temperatures. Blackfast 481 is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice. Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products and
2
ALUMINIUM
BLACKING

BLACKFAST 451 ALUMINIUM CONDITIONER BLACKFAST 481 ALUMINIUM BLACKING SOLUTION
USE 25% solution in water. USE 25% solution in water.
APPLICATION All aluminium surfaces will require conditioning before blacking. Immerse the prepared aluminium APPLICATION Blackfast 481, when used with the other Blackfast aluminium blacking products, will chemically
component for between 30 seconds and 1 minute into a 25% solution of Blackfast 451 in water. black aluminium at room temperature (20 ºC). Blacking performance may be adversely affected
by temperatures lower than 16 ºC. Preparation of the surface of the item to be blacked is carried
When an even, grey colour is achieved remove the component. Wash all traces of the conditioning out using Blackfast degreasing, etching and conditioning products with intermediate flowing water
solution from the aluminium surface prior to immersion in the blacking solution. rinses. Once the surface is chemically clean and conditioned, the item is immersed in Blackfast 481
solution for 30 seconds to 1 minute. Components are normally jigged or placed in a basket and
Local exhaust ventilation is recommended. The etching and conditioning solutions contain Sodium agitated if necessary to ensure all parts of the metal surface are in contact with the liquid. Following
Hydroxide which reacts with aluminium, producing Hydrogen gas. blacking, the item is rinsed in a flowing water bath and finally dipped in a dewatering oil such as
Blackfast 833 or 933 depending on the type of finish required. Thus a typical blacking line can
Hydrogen can form explosive mixtures in air. involve 9 tanks (degreasing - rinse - etching - rinse - conditioning - rinse - blacking - rinse - oiling).
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be of polypropylene. Local exhaust ventilation is recommended. The etching and conditioning solutions contain Sodium
Hydroxide which react with aluminium producing Hydrogen gas. Hydrogen can form explosive
mixtures in air.
SOLUTION STRENGTH Take a 10ml sample of blackfast 451 from the tank. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator
CONTROL solution and the colour changes to a deep pink.
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be of polypropylene, rubber lined steel or stainless steel.
Titrate without delay with a normal solution of Hydrochloric acid. The colour change is from
pink to milky white. An addition of 30ml of Hydrochloric acid indicates the working solution
SOLUTION STRENGTH The test is carried out by taking 10ml of Blackfast 481 blacking solution from the working tank and
is satisfactory. For each 1ml shortfall it is necessary to top up the bath with 1% Blackfast 451
CONTROL adding a few drops of bromocresol green. The solution becomes green/yellow in colour. 0.04M
concentrate.
(N/25) Sodium Hydroxide is added until the solution turns blue. An addition of 8 ml indicates the
working solution is satisfactory. For each 1ml shortfall, it is necessary to top up the working tank
with 3% Blackfast 481 cencentrated solution.
DATA SHEET
This solution is corrosive and contains Sodium Hydroxide. Refer to data sheet before use. DATA SHEET
aluminium at low temperatures. Blackfast 481 is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice. Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products and
2
ALUMINIUM
BLACKING

BLACKFAST 833 DEWATERING OIL - MEDIUM
ANTIQUING PROCESS
USE Use as supplied.
immersed in a tank of dewatering oil for 10 minutes. Remove and allow 45 minutes to air dry. This
procedure ensures that the water is removed from the surface of the component and establishes
a protective anticorrosive layer within the black coating. Ensure that the immersed component is
suspended above any water which may accumulate in the bottom of the tank. This water should be
drained periodically. Components, particularly those with blind holes, threads or porous surfaces
TANK MAINTENANCE To ensure that the dewatering oil is maintaining its effectiveness, check treated components
for streaks, discolouration or rust development all of which indicate that the product requires
replenishment.
Keep the tank covered when not in use to prevent evaporation of white spirit. A tank in continuous

DATA SHEET
2
ALUMINIUM
BLACKING

BLACKFAST 833 DEWATERING OIL - MEDIUM
ANTIQUING PROCESS
USE Use as supplied.
immersed in a tank of dewatering oil for 10 minutes. Remove and allow 45 minutes to air dry. This
procedure ensures that the water is removed from the surface of the component and establishes
a protective anticorrosive layer within the black coating. Ensure that the immersed component is
suspended above any water which may accumulate in the bottom of the tank. This water should be
drained periodically. Components, particularly those with blind holes, threads or porous surfaces
TANK MAINTENANCE To ensure that the dewatering oil is maintaining its effectiveness, check treated components
for streaks, discolouration or rust development all of which indicate that the product requires
replenishment.
Keep the tank covered when not in use to prevent evaporation of white spirit. A tank in continuous

DATA SHEET
3
ANTIQUING
ANTIQUING PROCESS FOR PEWTER, PEWTER COPPER

1 Components must be free from 1 Components must be free from
COPPER, BRASS, NICKEL AND SILVER grease. grease.
2 Water wash to obtain a wetting 2 Water wash to obtain a wetting

condition. condition.
3 Immerse in Blackfast 181 until 3 Immerse in Blackfast 183 until

pewter darkens to required colour copper reaches required colour.
(dilution 4 - 5: 1 water to Blackfast Dilution 8:2 water
181). Blackfast 183. Average dwell time
Average dwell time 3 - 4 minutes. 1 minute.
4 Water rinse. 4 Water rinse.

5 Dry components. Methods 5 Dry components. Methods
available: available:
i maize i maize
ii oven dry ii oven dry
APPLICATIONS iii hot air iii hot air
• Furniture fittings • Buttons 6 Relieve components if a contrasting 6 Relieve components if a contrasting

effect is required. Methods effect is required. Methods
• Window & door fittings • Plates available: available:
• Buckles • Mugs
• Suitcase fittings • Models i rotary vibrating machine i rotary vibrating machine
ii typhoon barrel ii typhoon barrel
• Figurines • Coins iii manual clean with abrasive iii manual clean with abrasive
• Jewellery • Clocks paper/cloth paper/cloth
iv polish using a rotary bench iv polish using a rotary bench
• Badges • and many more... polishing machine polishing machine
7 Lacquer finish if required. 7 Lacquer finish if required.
NB. If Blackfast 181 is too strong,
certain grades of pewter may turn
brown.
To rectify, weaken the 181 solution.
Blackfast 183 will darken bright brass surfaces to a dark brown. The bath should be maintained at a temperature range 35 -
40 ºC for the best results. At lower temperatures, the process is slower and the recommended immersion time of 5 minutes
is exceeded.
On removal from the solution, the brass is allowed to dry then lightly abraded to remove some of the coating on proud
surfaces. What remains will be within the crevices and surface of the brass revealing an antiqued surface.
3
ANTIQUING
ANTIQUING PROCESS FOR PEWTER, PEWTER COPPER

1 Components must be free from 1 Components must be free from
COPPER, BRASS, NICKEL AND SILVER grease. grease.
2 Water wash to obtain a wetting 2 Water wash to obtain a wetting

condition. condition.
3 Immerse in Blackfast 181 until 3 Immerse in Blackfast 183 until

pewter darkens to required colour copper reaches required colour.
(dilution 4 - 5: 1 water to Blackfast Dilution 8:2 water
181). Blackfast 183. Average dwell time
Average dwell time 3 - 4 minutes. 1 minute.
4 Water rinse. 4 Water rinse.

5 Dry components. Methods 5 Dry components. Methods
available: available:
i maize i maize
ii oven dry ii oven dry
APPLICATIONS iii hot air iii hot air
• Furniture fittings • Buttons 6 Relieve components if a contrasting 6 Relieve components if a contrasting

effect is required. Methods effect is required. Methods
• Window & door fittings • Plates available: available:
• Buckles • Mugs
• Suitcase fittings • Models i rotary vibrating machine i rotary vibrating machine
ii typhoon barrel ii typhoon barrel
• Figurines • Coins iii manual clean with abrasive iii manual clean with abrasive
• Jewellery • Clocks paper/cloth paper/cloth
iv polish using a rotary bench iv polish using a rotary bench
• Badges • and many more... polishing machine polishing machine
7 Lacquer finish if required. 7 Lacquer finish if required.
NB. If Blackfast 181 is too strong,
certain grades of pewter may turn
brown.
To rectify, weaken the 181 solution.
Blackfast 183 will darken bright brass surfaces to a dark brown. The bath should be maintained at a temperature range 35 -
40 ºC for the best results. At lower temperatures, the process is slower and the recommended immersion time of 5 minutes
is exceeded.
On removal from the solution, the brass is allowed to dry then lightly abraded to remove some of the coating on proud
surfaces. What remains will be within the crevices and surface of the brass revealing an antiqued surface.
3
ANTIQUING
BRASS NICKEL PLATE SILVER PLATE PROCESS FROM VIBRO FINISH

1 Components must be free 1 Components must be free 1 Components must be free
from grease. from grease. from grease. DIECASTING
2 Water wash to obtain a 2 Water wash to obtain a 2 Water wash to obtain a BLACKFAST 133
wetting condition. wetting condition. wetting condition.
3 Immerse in Blackfast 183 3 Immerse in Blackfast 181 3 Immerse in Blackfast 183

until brass reaches the (as supplied solution). (as supplied solution).
required shade of brown. Dwell time 5 minutes Dwell time 5 - 10 minutes.
Dilution 8:2 water to or until the components If speed is important, heat
Blackfast 183. are coloured satisfactorily. the solution up to 50 °C.
NB. Rumbling the
Average dwell times: components is an 4 Water rinse.
Brass plated items: advantage.
3 minutes 5 Dry components. Methods
Brass: 5 - 10 minutes 4 Water rinse. available:
4 Water rinse. 5 Dry components. Methods i maize

available: ii oven dry
5 Dry components. Methods iii hot air
available: i maize
ii oven dry 6 Relieve components
i maize iii hot air if a contrasting effect
ii oven dry is required. Methods RELIEVE WITH SCOTCH-BRITE CLOTH
iii hot air 6 Relieve components available:
if a contrasting effect
6 Relieve components if is required. Methods i rotary vibrating machine
a contrasting effect is available: ii typhoon barrel
required. Methods available: iii manual clean with
i rotary vibrating machine abrasive paper/cloth
i rotary vibrating machine ii typhoon barrel iv polish using a rotary
ii typhoon barrel iii manual clean with bench polishing
iii manual clean with abrasive paper/cloth machine
abrasive paper/cloth iv polish using a rotary
iv polish using a rotary bench polishing 7 Lacquer finish if required.
bench polishing machine
machine
7 Lacquer finish if required.
Blackfast 183 will darken
bright brass surfaces to a
dark brown.
The bath should be

maintained at a temperature
range 35 - 40 °C for the
best results. At lower
temperatures, the process
is slower and the
recommended
immersion time of 5
minutes is exceeded.
3
ANTIQUING
BRASS NICKEL PLATE SILVER PLATE PROCESS FROM VIBRO FINISH

1 Components must be free 1 Components must be free 1 Components must be free
from grease. from grease. from grease. DIECASTING
2 Water wash to obtain a 2 Water wash to obtain a 2 Water wash to obtain a BLACKFAST 133
wetting condition. wetting condition. wetting condition.
3 Immerse in Blackfast 183 3 Immerse in Blackfast 181 3 Immerse in Blackfast 183

until brass reaches the (as supplied solution). (as supplied solution).
required shade of brown. Dwell time 5 minutes Dwell time 5 - 10 minutes.
Dilution 8:2 water to or until the components If speed is important, heat
Blackfast 183. are coloured satisfactorily. the solution up to 50 °C.
NB. Rumbling the
Average dwell times: components is an 4 Water rinse.
Brass plated items: advantage.
3 minutes 5 Dry components. Methods
Brass: 5 - 10 minutes 4 Water rinse. available:
4 Water rinse. 5 Dry components. Methods i maize

available: ii oven dry
5 Dry components. Methods iii hot air
available: i maize
ii oven dry 6 Relieve components
i maize iii hot air if a contrasting effect
ii oven dry is required. Methods RELIEVE WITH SCOTCH-BRITE CLOTH
iii hot air 6 Relieve components available:
if a contrasting effect
6 Relieve components if is required. Methods i rotary vibrating machine
a contrasting effect is available: ii typhoon barrel
required. Methods available: iii manual clean with
i rotary vibrating machine abrasive paper/cloth
i rotary vibrating machine ii typhoon barrel iv polish using a rotary
ii typhoon barrel iii manual clean with bench polishing
iii manual clean with abrasive paper/cloth machine
abrasive paper/cloth iv polish using a rotary
iv polish using a rotary bench polishing 7 Lacquer finish if required.
bench polishing machine
machine
Blackfast 183 will darken
bright brass surfaces to a
dark brown.
The bath should be

maintained at a temperature
range 35 - 40 °C for the
best results. At lower
temperatures, the process
is slower and the
recommended
immersion time of 5
minutes is exceeded.
3
ANTIQUING
ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING APPLICATION DATA SHEET

OF ZINC BLACKFAST 133 ZINC BLACKING SOLUTION
Blackfast’s room temperature blacking process is a simple dip operation specifically

USE 10 - 20% solution in water.
designed for use in factories. The process does not materially affect dimensions and a
uniform colouring is obtained over machined surfaces, threads and blind holes. Blacking
is achieved by chemical conversion of the metal surface. The process entails degreasing,
APPLICATION Blackfast 133 will chemically black plated zinc and cadmium, zinc diecast and galvanised
immersion in a surface conditioner, and blacking solution. Corrosion protection is afforded
surfaces.
by a final immersion in a dewatering oil.
Preparation of the surface of the item to be blacked is carried out using one or more
A TYPICAL LINE WOULD BE CONFIGURED AS FOLLOWS: steps involving degreasing and conditioning using the appropriate Blackfast products with
intermeddiate flowing water rinses.
Once the surface is chemically clean and conditioned, the item is immersed in the Blackfast 133
solution for 2 - 5 minutes at 24 ºC. ensuring that all parts of the metal surface are in contact
DEGREASING with the liquid, for which purpose a plastic basket or tree is normally used.
1:1 WATER:
15-20 mins DEGREASER
BLACKFAST 716 Avoid vigorous air agitation which may produce water vapour in the form of atmospheric mist.
Following blacking, the item is rinsed in a flowing water tank and finally dipped in a dewatering
RINSE oil such as Blackfast 833 or 841 depending on the thickness of oil deposit required.
30 secs
If the Blackfast 925 water based oil is in use, restrict immersion to 5 minutes only and operate
at room temperature.
BLACKING
4:1 WATER: PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.
2 - 5 mins BLACKING LIQUID DATA SHEET
BLACKFAST 133 23 - 36 mins
RINSE aluminium at low temperatures.
30 secs
Please note that the Blackfast 133 solution contain Nickel compounds. As some Nickel
compounds can cause skin irritation, skin contact should be prevented as far as is reasonably
DEWATERING practicable.
NEAT
5 - 10 mins DEWATERING OIL Nickel sulphide is present in the lower layers of the black coating. Treated Zinc items should
BLACKFAST 833 not be included for use with costume jewellery and articles which may come into everyday
contact with the skin.
AIR DRY Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products
3
ANTIQUING
ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING APPLICATION DATA SHEET

OF ZINC BLACKFAST 133 ZINC BLACKING SOLUTION
Blackfast’s room temperature blacking process is a simple dip operation specifically

USE 10 - 20% solution in water.
designed for use in factories. The process does not materially affect dimensions and a
uniform colouring is obtained over machined surfaces, threads and blind holes. Blacking
is achieved by chemical conversion of the metal surface. The process entails degreasing,
APPLICATION Blackfast 133 will chemically black plated zinc and cadmium, zinc diecast and galvanised
immersion in a surface conditioner, and blacking solution. Corrosion protection is afforded
surfaces.
by a final immersion in a dewatering oil.
Preparation of the surface of the item to be blacked is carried out using one or more
A TYPICAL LINE WOULD BE CONFIGURED AS FOLLOWS: steps involving degreasing and conditioning using the appropriate Blackfast products with
intermeddiate flowing water rinses.
Once the surface is chemically clean and conditioned, the item is immersed in the Blackfast 133
solution for 2 - 5 minutes at 24 ºC. ensuring that all parts of the metal surface are in contact
DEGREASING with the liquid, for which purpose a plastic basket or tree is normally used.
1:1 WATER:
15-20 mins DEGREASER
BLACKFAST 716 Avoid vigorous air agitation which may produce water vapour in the form of atmospheric mist.
Following blacking, the item is rinsed in a flowing water tank and finally dipped in a dewatering
RINSE oil such as Blackfast 833 or 841 depending on the thickness of oil deposit required.
30 secs
If the Blackfast 925 water based oil is in use, restrict immersion to 5 minutes only and operate
at room temperature.
BLACKING
4:1 WATER: PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.
2 - 5 mins BLACKING LIQUID DATA SHEET
BLACKFAST 133 23 - 36 mins
RINSE aluminium at low temperatures.
30 secs
Please note that the Blackfast 133 solution contain Nickel compounds. As some Nickel
compounds can cause skin irritation, skin contact should be prevented as far as is reasonably
DEWATERING practicable.
NEAT
5 - 10 mins DEWATERING OIL Nickel sulphide is present in the lower layers of the black coating. Treated Zinc items should
BLACKFAST 833 not be included for use with costume jewellery and articles which may come into everyday
contact with the skin.
AIR DRY Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products
3
ANTIQUING
ELECTROCOAT BLACK OR CLEAR FINISH
3
ANTIQUING
ELECTROCOAT BLACK OR CLEAR FINISH
4
ELECTROCOAT
BLACKFAST LP PROCESS FOR ALUMINIUM, PROCESS SEQUENCE

STAINLESS STEEL AND NON-FERROUS METAL FROM POLISHED, VIBRO AND CHEMICAL BLACKING
FOR FURTHER DETAILS

CONTACT US AND WE WILL PRE-TREATMENT
BE PLEASED TO PROCESS
SAMPLES FOR YOU
RINSE
DEIONISED RINSE
1-2ml/l B/F RA
BLACKFAST LP
RINSE
40 - 41min DEIONISED RINSE

1-2ml/l B/F RA
FOR FOR
CLEAR OR COLOUR
BLACK CONDITIONER
ADVANTAGES
B/F DYC
•Cut your rejects on coating Zinc diecast

•Brass, Gold, Bronze etc without Electroplating BLACKFAST DY
•Direct coating on polished or vibro castings POST DYE
•Improved corrosion resistance
•Lower costs
•Non-hazardous processing DEIONISED RINSE
•Low-cost equipment 1-2ml/l B/F RA
OVEN
30 mins 160 oC
4
ELECTROCOAT
BLACKFAST LP PROCESS FOR ALUMINIUM, PROCESS SEQUENCE

STAINLESS STEEL AND NON-FERROUS METAL FROM POLISHED, VIBRO AND CHEMICAL BLACKING
FOR FURTHER DETAILS

CONTACT US AND WE WILL PRE-TREATMENT
BE PLEASED TO PROCESS
SAMPLES FOR YOU
RINSE
DEIONISED RINSE
1-2ml/l B/F RA
BLACKFAST LP
RINSE

1-2ml/l B/F RA
FOR FOR
CLEAR OR COLOUR
BLACK CONDITIONER
ADVANTAGES
B/F DYC
•Cut your rejects on coating Zinc diecast

•Brass, Gold, Bronze etc without Electroplating BLACKFAST DY
•Direct coating on polished or vibro castings POST DYE
•Improved corrosion resistance
•Lower costs
•Non-hazardous processing DEIONISED RINSE
•Low-cost equipment 1-2ml/l B/F RA
OVEN
30 mins 160 oC
4
ELECTROCOAT
PROCESS FOR BLACKFAST LP BLACK PROCESS FOR BLACKFAST LP CLEAR
BLACKFAST 716
BLACKFAST 716 10 mins
10 mins 50%
50%
RINSE RINSE
1 min 1 min
DEIONISED RINSE DEIONISED RINSE

BLACKFAST RA BLACKFAST RA
1 min 0.1 - 0.2% 1 min 0.1 - 0.2%
BLACKFAST LP BLACKFAST LP
BLACKFAST LP BLACKFAST LP -
1 - 2 mins BLACK 33% 1 - 2 mins CLEAR 33%
BLACKFAST SRB 45 - 46 mins 45 - 46mins
BLACKFAST SRC
RINSE RINSE
1 min
1 min
DEIONISED RINSE
BLACKFAST RA
DEIONISED RINSE
1 min 0.1 - 0.2% BLACKFAST RA
1 min 0.1 - 0.2%
OVEN
OVEN
30 mins 160 oC
30 mins 160 oC
4
ELECTROCOAT
PROCESS FOR BLACKFAST LP BLACK PROCESS FOR BLACKFAST LP CLEAR
BLACKFAST 716
BLACKFAST 716 10 mins
10 mins 50%
50%
RINSE RINSE
1 min 1 min
DEIONISED RINSE DEIONISED RINSE

BLACKFAST RA BLACKFAST RA
1 min 0.1 - 0.2% 1 min 0.1 - 0.2%
BLACKFAST LP BLACKFAST LP -
1 - 2 mins BLACK 33% 1 - 2 mins CLEAR 33%
BLACKFAST SRB 45 - 46 mins 45 - 46mins
BLACKFAST SRC
RINSE RINSE
1 min
1 min
DEIONISED RINSE
BLACKFAST RA
DEIONISED RINSE
1 min 0.1 - 0.2% BLACKFAST RA
1 min 0.1 - 0.2%
OVEN
OVEN
30 mins 160 oC
30 mins 160 oC
4
ELECTROCOAT
BLACKFAST 20 LITRE LP SYSTEM
500
mm
DEIONISED OVEN
DEIONISED LP CLEAR OR BLACKFAST
WATER RINSE
716 WATER RINSE 551
RINSE WITH RA WATER RINSE
LP BLACK 181
RINSE WITH RA
WATER RINSE DYE OIL
900mm
900mm
500mm
1650mm
1650mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
DEIONISED OVEN
1 2 3
WATER RINSE RINSE WITH RA BLACKFAST
WATER
WATER
181
WATER
OIL
WATER
716
WATER RINSE DYE
716
LP
LP
716 WATER WATER LP WATER WATER OVEN 716 WATER WATER LP WATER WATER OVEN
OVEN WATER WATER LP WATER WATER OVEN

OVEN
WATER
WATER
WATER
716
WATER
4
ELECTROCOAT
500
mm
DEIONISED OVEN
DEIONISED LP CLEAR OR BLACKFAST
WATER RINSE
716 WATER RINSE 551
LP BLACK 181
RINSE WITH RA
WATER RINSE DYE OIL
900mm
900mm
500mm
1650mm
1650mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
DEIONISED OVEN
1 2 3
WATER
WATER
181
WATER
OIL
WATER
716
WATER RINSE DYE
716
LP
LP

OVEN
WATER
WATER
WATER
716
WATER
4
ELECTROCOAT
625
mm
DEIONISED LP CLEAR OR DEIONISED OVEN
BLACKFAST
716 WATER RINSE 551
LP BLACK WATER RINSE
181
RINSE WITH RA
WATER RINSE DYE OIL
925mm
900mm
925mm
500mm
625mm
2385mm
1650mm
2385mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
DEIONISED OVEN
1 2 3
WATER
WATER
181
WATER
OIL
WATER
716
WATER RINSE DYE
716
LP
LP

OVEN
WATER
WATER
WATER
716
WATER
4
ELECTROCOAT
625
mm
DEIONISED LP CLEAR OR DEIONISED OVEN
BLACKFAST
716 WATER RINSE 551
LP BLACK WATER RINSE
181
RINSE WITH RA
WATER RINSE DYE OIL
925mm
900mm
925mm
500mm
625mm
2385mm
1650mm
2385mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
DEIONISED OVEN
1 2 3
WATER
WATER
181
WATER
OIL
WATER
716
WATER RINSE DYE
716
LP
LP

OVEN
WATER
WATER
WATER
716
WATER
4
ELECTROCOAT
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR SETTING UP EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR SETTING UP

BLACKFAST 20 LITRE LACQUER SYSTEM BLACKFAST 50 LITRE CLEAR OR BLACK
LACQUER SYSTEM
5 tanks and lids
(442mm x 296mm x 305mm) 5 tanks and lids
(600mm x 425mm x 425mm)
1 tank to include the following:
Anodes, particulate filter, 1 tank to include the following:
Ultra filter unit, low density wattage heater Anodes, particulate filter,
Rectifier Ultra filter unit, low density wattage heater
Rectifier
1 Frame
1 Frame
2 off water recycle (demineralised) systems
(inc. resin MB400) 2 off water recycle (demineralised) systems
(inc. resin MB400)
Allowance for workholding jigs.
Oven (120 litre) to cure parts at 160 °C
Chemical to fill to 20 ltrs working volume
25 litres Blackfast 716 Chemical to fill to 20 ltrs working volume
25 kilos Blackfast LP (Black or Clear) 25 litres Blackfast 716
5 kilos Blackfast SR 25 kilos Blackfast LP (Black or Clear)
5 kilos Blackfast RA 5 kilos Blackfast SR
5 kilos Blackfast RA
Test kit for LP solution
Refractometer, conductivity meter and calibration kit Test kit for LP solution
Refractometer, conductivity meter and calibration kit
4
ELECTROCOAT

BLACKFAST 20 LITRE LACQUER SYSTEM BLACKFAST 50 LITRE CLEAR OR BLACK
LACQUER SYSTEM
5 tanks and lids
(442mm x 296mm x 305mm) 5 tanks and lids
(600mm x 425mm x 425mm)
1 tank to include the following:
Anodes, particulate filter, 1 tank to include the following:
Ultra filter unit, low density wattage heater Anodes, particulate filter,
Rectifier Ultra filter unit, low density wattage heater
Rectifier
1 Frame
1 Frame
2 off water recycle (demineralised) systems
(inc. resin MB400) 2 off water recycle (demineralised) systems
(inc. resin MB400)
Chemical to fill to 20 ltrs working volume
25 litres Blackfast 716 Chemical to fill to 20 ltrs working volume
25 kilos Blackfast LP (Black or Clear) 25 litres Blackfast 716
5 kilos Blackfast SR 25 kilos Blackfast LP (Black or Clear)
5 kilos Blackfast RA 5 kilos Blackfast SR
5 kilos Blackfast RA
Refractometer, conductivity meter and calibration kit Test kit for LP solution
4
ELECTROCOAT

BLACKFAST 716 LIGHT ALKALINE DEGREASER BLACKFAST 716 LIGHT ALKALINE DEGREASER

USE 33% solution in water.
APPLICATION Blackfast 716 is a light alkaline degreaser used in the preparation of clean metal surfaces prior APPLICATION Blackfast LP Clear 110 is a cathodic electrophoretic process for depositing a clear coating on solid
to the blacking process. Used in a dilution of 50% in water for 15-20 minutes, Blackfast 716 will brass, zinc based diecastings and most electroplated substrates to protect them from oxidation and
degrease iron and steels at room temperature. However, immersion times will vary according to to enhance wear resistance.
Blackfast 250, a solvent degreaser, and finished off effectively with Blackfast 716. Blackfast LP Clear 110 overcomes some of the problems with plated diecasting blistering at higher
stoving temperatures. Other advantages of low temperature cure are a minimising colour change
on silver and brass.
TANK MAINTEANCE It is important to maintain the strength of Blackfast 716 by removing 10% of the tank content
Excellent flim properties can be achieved after curing at 120 °C.
rinse drains unevenly showing dry patches, the surface is still contaminated with oil or grease and
The coating uses advanced acrylic-urethane technology.
CURED FILM Hardness: Cured @ 120 °C 3H - 4H pencil.
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of mild steel or suitable grade of polypropylene. PROPERTIES Cured @ 140 °C 4H - 5H pencil.
Acetone resistance: Cured @ 120 °C > 200 double rubs.

PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available. Cured @ 140 °C > 500 double rubs.
DATA SHEET
Wet adhesion: Cured @ 120 °C no removal.
(boiling water 1hr) Cured @ 140 °C no removal.
aluminium at low temperatures. Scratch resistance: 2000 gms.
Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products and Perspiration resistance: Up to 48 hours on nickel-plated spectacle frames.
reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice. (ISO12870) Clarity:
Corrosion resistance: Polished brass: at least 500 hours.

(ASTM B117)
TANK MAKE UP Rinse tank and all pipework including ultra-filtration unit with deionised water containing 2% v/v
Blackfast SRC and 1ml/litre of Blackfast RA.
Drain tank and fill as follows (for a 1000 litre tank):

Blackfast LP Clear 110 concentrate: 330 kg
Demineralised water: 670 litres
Maintain circulation through filter for 12 - 16 hours and remove permeate equivalent to 10% of
volume of the bath before commencing depositions. It may be necessary to adjust the solvent
content with an addition of Blackfast SR-Clear. The standard addition following 10% Ultra filtration
is 1 - 2ml/L of Blackfast SR-Clear and the optimum permeate RI is 1.8.
It is important that 0.5 micron pleated glass fibre absolute filters are used.
BATH DATA Concentration: 30 - 35% vol/vol.

Conductivity: 500 - 700 µ/s.
Temperature: 25 - 30 °C (27 °C optimum)
4
ELECTROCOAT

BLACKFAST 716 LIGHT ALKALINE DEGREASER BLACKFAST 716 LIGHT ALKALINE DEGREASER

USE 33% solution in water.
APPLICATION Blackfast 716 is a light alkaline degreaser used in the preparation of clean metal surfaces prior APPLICATION Blackfast LP Clear 110 is a cathodic electrophoretic process for depositing a clear coating on solid
to the blacking process. Used in a dilution of 50% in water for 15-20 minutes, Blackfast 716 will brass, zinc based diecastings and most electroplated substrates to protect them from oxidation and
degrease iron and steels at room temperature. However, immersion times will vary according to to enhance wear resistance.
Blackfast 250, a solvent degreaser, and finished off effectively with Blackfast 716. Blackfast LP Clear 110 overcomes some of the problems with plated diecasting blistering at higher
stoving temperatures. Other advantages of low temperature cure are a minimising colour change
on silver and brass.
TANK MAINTEANCE It is important to maintain the strength of Blackfast 716 by removing 10% of the tank content
Excellent flim properties can be achieved after curing at 120 °C.
rinse drains unevenly showing dry patches, the surface is still contaminated with oil or grease and
The coating uses advanced acrylic-urethane technology.
CURED FILM Hardness: Cured @ 120 °C 3H - 4H pencil.
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of mild steel or suitable grade of polypropylene. PROPERTIES Cured @ 140 °C 4H - 5H pencil.
Acetone resistance: Cured @ 120 °C > 200 double rubs.

PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available. Cured @ 140 °C > 500 double rubs.
DATA SHEET
Wet adhesion: Cured @ 120 °C no removal.
(boiling water 1hr) Cured @ 140 °C no removal.
aluminium at low temperatures. Scratch resistance: 2000 gms.
Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products and Perspiration resistance: Up to 48 hours on nickel-plated spectacle frames.
reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice. (ISO12870) Clarity:
Corrosion resistance: Polished brass: at least 500 hours.

(ASTM B117)
TANK MAKE UP Rinse tank and all pipework including ultra-filtration unit with deionised water containing 2% v/v
Drain tank and fill as follows (for a 1000 litre tank):

Blackfast LP Clear 110 concentrate: 330 kg
Maintain circulation through filter for 12 - 16 hours and remove permeate equivalent to 10% of
volume of the bath before commencing depositions. It may be necessary to adjust the solvent
content with an addition of Blackfast SR-Clear. The standard addition following 10% Ultra filtration
is 1 - 2ml/L of Blackfast SR-Clear and the optimum permeate RI is 1.8.
It is important that 0.5 micron pleated glass fibre absolute filters are used.
BATH DATA Concentration: 30 - 35% vol/vol.

Conductivity: 500 - 700 µ/s.
4
ELECTROCOAT
THEORETICAL 5 microns dry film thickness: 50m2 per kg

COVERAGE 10 microns dry film thickness: 25m2 per kg APPLICATION DATA SHEET
BLACKFAST LP BLACK
TYPICAL DEPOSITION 30 volts for 30 seconds gives 4-6 microns dry film thickness.
40 volts for 60 seconds gives 9-15 microns dry film thickness.
The above are typical for a fresh bath (voltages required may be higher as bath ages) at optimum USE 33% solution in water.
temperature.
APPLICATION Blackfast LP Black is a cathodic electrophoretic process for depositing a black pigmented coating
CURING CYCLE Curing begins at approximately 110 °C , with properties of the coating improving further with on solid brass, zinc-based diecastings, aluminium, steel and most electroplated substrates.
increased temperature. Typical curing conditions are 20 minutes @ 120 - 140 °C at metal
temperature.
CURED FILM Hardness: 5H - 6H pencil hardness (ASTM D3363 - 74).
Curing can be tested by rubbing with cotton wool soaked in Acetone. PROPERTIES
Solvent resistance: A minimum of 300 double rubs with acetone on a fully cured film over brass or
zinc diecasting aged for 24 hours at room temperature.
REPLENISHMENT Refractive index of permeate: Dry adhesion: No removal of squares (1 mm crosshatch, adhesive tape pull-off ).
Take a sample of the permeate and measure with a refractometer. Reading for LP Clear should Ultraviolet resistance: Excellent.
be 1.7 -2 .2. If less than 1.7, add SR Clear in small quantities until the refractive index is 1.7. For
example, if refractive index is 1, add 7 ml per litre of tank volume of SRC. Scratch resistance: 2000 gms (BS 3900 part E2).
Refractive index of LP working solution: Wet adhesion: No removal of squares (1mm crosshatch, 1 hour in boiling water, 1 hour wait,
adhesive tape pull-off )
Take a sample of the LP tank solution and measure the refractive index with a refractometer. For
every litre of LP required to top up, remove the same quantity of permeate before adding the LP. Handling: Excellent mar resistance as soon as stoved items are cool enough to handle.
Maintain refractive index of LP Clear 110 at 9.5 - 12.5. For example, for every point the refractive
index deviates from the optimum remove 2% (of the the tank volume) of permeate and add 2% (of Corrosion resistance: Polished brass: at least 250 hours. Brass-plated articles including zinc
the tank volume) of LP solution. diecastings: at least 150 hours (subject to the quality of the base metal and electrodeposits). All
tests performed on substrates coated with a 10 micron film of Blackfast LP Black (Neutral salt
Please note that it is preferable to maintain the bath concentration with regular additions of Blackfast spray ASTM B117; BS 7479:1991; ISO 9227:1990).
LP Clear rather than large infrequent additions.
Conductivity of LP working solution: TANK MAKE UP Rinse tank and all pipework including ultra-filtration unit with deionised water containing 2% v/v
Blackfast SRB and 1ml/litre of Blackfast RA.
Measure the conductivity of the LP working solution. Conductivity should be maintained at 450 -
800, if it is too high, remove the permeate at a rate of 10% of the tank volume. Drain tank and fill as follows (for a 1000 litre tank):
Blackfast LP Black concentrate: 330 kg
Replace the removed permeate with demineralised water and Blackfast SRC as follows: Demineralised water: 670 litres
For every 100 litres of permeate removed, add 98 litres demineralised water/2 litre of Blackfast
SRC. Maintain circulation through filter for 12 - 16 hours before commencing depositions.
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of mild steel or suitable grade of polypropylene.
BATH DATA Concentration: 33%
Conductivity: 450 - 900 micro/siemens
PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available. Temperature: 25 - 30 °C (28 °C optimum)
DATA SHEET Peak current: 27 amps/m2
Mean current: 6 amps/m2
Blackfast LP Clear is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
4
ELECTROCOAT
THEORETICAL 5 microns dry film thickness: 50m2 per kg

COVERAGE 10 microns dry film thickness: 25m2 per kg APPLICATION DATA SHEET
BLACKFAST LP BLACK
TYPICAL DEPOSITION 30 volts for 30 seconds gives 4-6 microns dry film thickness.
40 volts for 60 seconds gives 9-15 microns dry film thickness.
The above are typical for a fresh bath (voltages required may be higher as bath ages) at optimum USE 33% solution in water.
temperature.
APPLICATION Blackfast LP Black is a cathodic electrophoretic process for depositing a black pigmented coating
CURING CYCLE Curing begins at approximately 110 °C , with properties of the coating improving further with on solid brass, zinc-based diecastings, aluminium, steel and most electroplated substrates.
increased temperature. Typical curing conditions are 20 minutes @ 120 - 140 °C at metal
temperature.
CURED FILM Hardness: 5H - 6H pencil hardness (ASTM D3363 - 74).
Curing can be tested by rubbing with cotton wool soaked in Acetone. PROPERTIES
Solvent resistance: A minimum of 300 double rubs with acetone on a fully cured film over brass or
zinc diecasting aged for 24 hours at room temperature.
REPLENISHMENT Refractive index of permeate: Dry adhesion: No removal of squares (1 mm crosshatch, adhesive tape pull-off ).
Take a sample of the permeate and measure with a refractometer. Reading for LP Clear should Ultraviolet resistance: Excellent.
be 1.7 -2 .2. If less than 1.7, add SR Clear in small quantities until the refractive index is 1.7. For
example, if refractive index is 1, add 7 ml per litre of tank volume of SRC. Scratch resistance: 2000 gms (BS 3900 part E2).
Refractive index of LP working solution: Wet adhesion: No removal of squares (1mm crosshatch, 1 hour in boiling water, 1 hour wait,
Take a sample of the LP tank solution and measure the refractive index with a refractometer. For
every litre of LP required to top up, remove the same quantity of permeate before adding the LP. Handling: Excellent mar resistance as soon as stoved items are cool enough to handle.
Maintain refractive index of LP Clear 110 at 9.5 - 12.5. For example, for every point the refractive
index deviates from the optimum remove 2% (of the the tank volume) of permeate and add 2% (of Corrosion resistance: Polished brass: at least 250 hours. Brass-plated articles including zinc
the tank volume) of LP solution. diecastings: at least 150 hours (subject to the quality of the base metal and electrodeposits). All
tests performed on substrates coated with a 10 micron film of Blackfast LP Black (Neutral salt
Please note that it is preferable to maintain the bath concentration with regular additions of Blackfast spray ASTM B117; BS 7479:1991; ISO 9227:1990).
LP Clear rather than large infrequent additions.
Conductivity of LP working solution: TANK MAKE UP Rinse tank and all pipework including ultra-filtration unit with deionised water containing 2% v/v
Blackfast SRB and 1ml/litre of Blackfast RA.
Measure the conductivity of the LP working solution. Conductivity should be maintained at 450 -
800, if it is too high, remove the permeate at a rate of 10% of the tank volume. Drain tank and fill as follows (for a 1000 litre tank):
Blackfast LP Black concentrate: 330 kg
Replace the removed permeate with demineralised water and Blackfast SRC as follows: Demineralised water: 670 litres
For every 100 litres of permeate removed, add 98 litres demineralised water/2 litre of Blackfast
SRC. Maintain circulation through filter for 12 - 16 hours before commencing depositions.
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of mild steel or suitable grade of polypropylene.
PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available. Temperature: 25 - 30 °C (28 °C optimum)
DATA SHEET Peak current: 27 amps/m2
Blackfast LP Clear is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
4
ELECTROCOAT
THEORETICAL 5 microns dry film thickness: 40m2 per kg Conductivity of LP working solution:
COVERAGE 10 microns dry film thickness: 20m2 per kg
Measure the conductivity of the LP working solution.
TYPICAL DEPOSITION 25 volts for 60 seconds gives 5 - 6 microns dry film thickness. Conductivity should be maintained at 450 - 900, if it is too high remove the
permeate at a rate of 10% of the tank volume.
30 volts for 60 seconds gives 8 - 9 microns dry film thickness.
Replace the removed permeate with demineralised water and Blackfast SRB
40 volts for 60 seconds gives 10 - 12 microns dry film thickness. as follows:
For every 100 litres of permeate removed add:
The above are typical for a fresh bath (voltages required may be higher as 97 litres demineralised water/3 litre of Blackfast SRB.
bath ages) at optimum temperature.
DATA SHEET
CURING CYCLE 20 minutes at 160 °C at metal temperature.
Blackfast LP Black is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
Cure can be tested by rubbing with cotton wool soaked in acetone. aluminium at low temperatures.
Blackfast LP Black when fully cured can achieve in excess of 300 double rubs. Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products and
FILTRATION Filtration and Ultrafiltration of Blackfast LP Clear and Black system.

Blackfast LP requires two types of filtration, achieved by combining
conventional particulate 5 - 10 micron filter and ultrafiltration.
Ultrafiltration is required when the conductivity reading of Blackfast LP

(Black/Clear) is at the high reading.
Ultrafiltration is used to remove soluble impurities from the Blackfast LP

solution by passing the Blackfast LP across a membrane which permits water
and soluble impurities to pass through it, but not the Blackfast LP itself.
The soluble impurity is known as a Permeate.
REPLENISHMENT Refractive index of permeate:

Take a sample of the permeate and measure with a refractometer. Reading
for LP Black should be 3 - 4, If less than 3, add SRB in small quantities until the
refractive index is 3.
For example: if refractive index is 2 add 10 ml per litre of tank volume of SRB.
Refractive index of LP working solution:

Take a sample of the LP tank solution and measure the refractive index with
a refractometer.
For every litre of LP required to top up, remove the same quantity of
permeate before adding the LP.
Maintain refractive index of LP Black at 14 - 17 (30 - 36% concentration).
For example: for every point the refractive index deviates from the optimum
remove 2% (of the the tank volume) of permeate and add 2% (of the tank
volume) of LP solution.
Please note that it is preferable to maintain the bath concentration with

regular additions of Blackfast LP Black rather than large infrequent additions.
4
ELECTROCOAT
THEORETICAL 5 microns dry film thickness: 40m2 per kg Conductivity of LP working solution:
COVERAGE 10 microns dry film thickness: 20m2 per kg
Measure the conductivity of the LP working solution.
TYPICAL DEPOSITION 25 volts for 60 seconds gives 5 - 6 microns dry film thickness. Conductivity should be maintained at 450 - 900, if it is too high remove the
permeate at a rate of 10% of the tank volume.
30 volts for 60 seconds gives 8 - 9 microns dry film thickness.
Replace the removed permeate with demineralised water and Blackfast SRB
40 volts for 60 seconds gives 10 - 12 microns dry film thickness. as follows:
For every 100 litres of permeate removed add:
The above are typical for a fresh bath (voltages required may be higher as 97 litres demineralised water/3 litre of Blackfast SRB.
bath ages) at optimum temperature.
DATA SHEET
CURING CYCLE 20 minutes at 160 °C at metal temperature.
Blackfast LP Black is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
Cure can be tested by rubbing with cotton wool soaked in acetone. aluminium at low temperatures.
Blackfast LP Black when fully cured can achieve in excess of 300 double rubs. Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products and
FILTRATION Filtration and Ultrafiltration of Blackfast LP Clear and Black system.

Blackfast LP requires two types of filtration, achieved by combining
Ultrafiltration is required when the conductivity reading of Blackfast LP



for LP Black should be 3 - 4, If less than 3, add SRB in small quantities until the
For example: if refractive index is 2 add 10 ml per litre of tank volume of SRB.

a refractometer.
Maintain refractive index of LP Black at 14 - 17 (30 - 36% concentration).
volume) of LP solution.
Please note that it is preferable to maintain the bath concentration with

regular additions of Blackfast LP Black rather than large infrequent additions.
4
ELECTROCOAT

BLACKFAST RA
ELECTROCOAT OTHER COLOURS
USE 0.1% solution in water.
APPLICATION Blackfast RA is a specially selected surfactant blend suitable to aid rinsing before and after any of
the Blackfast electrocoat and Post Dye systems.
TO AID RINSING Add 1 - 2 ml/litre of Blackfast RA to the rinse tank (demineralised water is usually used for
rinsing prior to and after electrocoat).
TO AID TANK Follow the instructions on the Application Data sheet for the product in the tank.
CLEANING

DATA SHEET
Blackfast RA is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
4
ELECTROCOAT

BLACKFAST RA
ELECTROCOAT OTHER COLOURS
USE 0.1% solution in water.
APPLICATION Blackfast RA is a specially selected surfactant blend suitable to aid rinsing before and after any of
the Blackfast electrocoat and Post Dye systems.
TO AID RINSING Add 1 - 2 ml/litre of Blackfast RA to the rinse tank (demineralised water is usually used for
rinsing prior to and after electrocoat).
CLEANING

DATA SHEET
Blackfast RA is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS
PROCESS SEQUENCE PROCESS FOR BLACKFAST LP OTHER

COLOURS
PRE-TREATMENT
DEGREASING
BLACKFAST 716
10 mins 50%
FOR FURTHER DETAILS CONTACT
US AND WE WILL BE PLEASED TO RINSE
PROCESS SAMPLES FOR YOU RINSE
1 min
DEIONISED RINSE
1-2ml/l B/F RA DEIONISED RINSE
BLACKFAST RA
1 min 0.1 - 0.2%
BLACKFAST LP -
1 - 2 mins CLEAR 33%
BLACKFAST SRC
RINSE
RINSE
1 min

1-2ml/l B/F RA
DEIONISED RINSE
40 - 41mins
FOR FOR 1 min
BLACKFAST RA
0.1 - 0.2%
CLEAR OR COLOUR
BLACK CONDITIONER
B/F DYC BLACKFAST DYC
BLACKFAST DYC
2 mins 1%
BLACKFAST DY
POST DYE BLACKFAST DY
BLACKFAST DYE
2 mins 25%
DEIONISED RINSE
BLACKFAST RA
1 min 0.1 - 0.2%
OVEN
30 mins 160 oC OVEN
20 mins
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS
PROCESS SEQUENCE PROCESS FOR BLACKFAST LP OTHER

COLOURS
PRE-TREATMENT
DEGREASING
BLACKFAST 716
10 mins 50%
FOR FURTHER DETAILS CONTACT
US AND WE WILL BE PLEASED TO RINSE
PROCESS SAMPLES FOR YOU RINSE
1 min
DEIONISED RINSE
BLACKFAST RA
1 min 0.1 - 0.2%
BLACKFAST LP -
1 - 2 mins CLEAR 33%
BLACKFAST SRC
RINSE
RINSE
1 min

1-2ml/l B/F RA
DEIONISED RINSE
40 - 41mins
FOR FOR 1 min
BLACKFAST RA
0.1 - 0.2%
CLEAR OR COLOUR
BLACK CONDITIONER
B/F DYC BLACKFAST DYC
BLACKFAST DYC
2 mins 1%
BLACKFAST DY
POST DYE BLACKFAST DY
BLACKFAST DYE
2 mins 25%
DEIONISED RINSE
BLACKFAST RA
1 min 0.1 - 0.2%
OVEN
30 mins 160 oC OVEN
20 mins
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS

WITH DYE OPTION
500
mm
DEIONISED BLACKFAST DEIONISED BLACKFAST BLACKFAST DEIONISED
OVEN
PRE-TREATMENT WATER RINSE RINSE WITH RA LP CLEAR WATER RINSE RINSE WITH RA DYC DYE RINSE WITH RA
925mm
900mm
900mm
500mm
625mm
2385mm
1650mm
1650mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
1 2 3
WITH RA
PRE-TREATMENT
CLEAR
RINSE
RINSE
RINSE
RINSE
LP
DEIONISED BLACKFAST BLACKFAST DEIONISED RINSE RINSE
LP
PRE-TREATMENT
WITH RA CLEAR
OVEN
RINSE WITH RA DYC DYE RINSE WITH RA
RINSE LP RINSE RINSE RINSE LP RINSE RINSE

PRE-TREATMENT RINSE RINSE DYC DY OVEN PRE-TREATMENT RINSE RINSE DYC DY OVEN
WITH RA CLEAR WITH RA WITH RA WITH RA CLEAR WITH RA WITH RA
OVEN
RINSE RINSE RINSE RINSE

OVEN DY DYC RINSE DYC DY OVEN
WITH RA WITH RA WITH RA WITH RA
WITH RA
RINSE
LP
CLEAR
RINSE
DY
WITH RA
DYC
RINSE
WITH RA
RINSE
PRE-TREATMENT
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS

WITH DYE OPTION
500
mm
OVEN
925mm
900mm
900mm
500mm
625mm
2385mm
1650mm
1650mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
1 2 3
WITH RA
PRE-TREATMENT
CLEAR
RINSE
RINSE
RINSE
RINSE
LP
LP
PRE-TREATMENT
WITH RA CLEAR
OVEN

OVEN

WITH RA
RINSE
LP
CLEAR
RINSE
DY
WITH RA
DYC
RINSE
WITH RA
RINSE
PRE-TREATMENT
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS

WITH DYE OPTION
695
mm
OVEN
925mm
925mm
900mm
925mm
695mm
500mm
625mm
2385mm
2385mm
1650mm
2385mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
1 2 3
WITH RA
PRE-TREATMENT
CLEAR
RINSE
RINSE
RINSE
RINSE
LP
LP
PRE-TREATMENT
WITH RA CLEAR
OVEN

OVEN

WITH RA
RINSE
LP
CLEAR
RINSE
DY
WITH RA
DYC
RINSE
WITH RA
RINSE
PRE-TREATMENT
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS

WITH DYE OPTION
695
mm
OVEN
925mm
925mm
900mm
925mm
695mm
500mm
625mm
2385mm
2385mm
1650mm
2385mm
LAYOUT OPTIONS
1 2 3
WITH RA
PRE-TREATMENT
CLEAR
RINSE
RINSE
RINSE
RINSE
LP
LP
PRE-TREATMENT
WITH RA CLEAR
OVEN

OVEN

WITH RA
RINSE
LP
CLEAR
RINSE
DY
WITH RA
DYC
RINSE
WITH RA
RINSE
PRE-TREATMENT
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS

BLACKFAST 20 LITRE LACQUER SYSTEM BLACKFAST 50 LITRE LACQUER SYSTEM
WITH POST DYE OPTION WITH POST DYE OPTION
8 tanks and lids 8 tanks and lids
(442mm x 296mm x 305mm) (600mm x 425mm x 425mm)
1 tank to include the following: 1 tank to include the following:

Anodes, particulate filter, Anodes, particulate filter,
Ultra filter unit, low density wattage heater Ultra filter unit, low density wattage heater
Rectifier Rectifier
1 Frame 1 Frame
3 off water recycle (demineralised) systems 3 off water recycle (demineralised) systems
(inc. resin MB400) (inc. resin MB400)
1 off thermo pump for Dye solution 1 off thermo pump for Dye solution
Allowance for workholding jigs Allowance for workholding jigs
Oven (120 litre) to cure parts at 160 °C Oven (120 litre) to cure parts at 160 °C
Chemical to fill to 20 litres working volume Chemical to fill to 50 litres working volume
25 litres Blackfast 716 25 litres Blackfast 716
25 kilos Blackfast LP Clear 25 kilos Blackfast LP Clear
5 kilos Blackfast SRC 5 kilos Blackfast SRC
5 kilos Blackfast DYE - (colours) 20 kilos Blackfast DYE - (colours)
5 kilos Blackfast DYC 5 kilos Blackfast DYC
5 kilos Blackfast RA 5 kilos Blackfast RA
For additional colours you will require: For additional colours you will require 1 extra tank & lid
1 extra tank & lid 1 thermo pump
1 thermo pump DYE
DYE
Test kit for LP solution Refractometer, conductivity meter and calibration kit
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS

BLACKFAST 20 LITRE LACQUER SYSTEM BLACKFAST 50 LITRE LACQUER SYSTEM
WITH POST DYE OPTION WITH POST DYE OPTION
8 tanks and lids 8 tanks and lids
(442mm x 296mm x 305mm) (600mm x 425mm x 425mm)
1 tank to include the following: 1 tank to include the following:

Anodes, particulate filter, Anodes, particulate filter,
Ultra filter unit, low density wattage heater Ultra filter unit, low density wattage heater
Rectifier Rectifier
1 Frame 1 Frame
3 off water recycle (demineralised) systems 3 off water recycle (demineralised) systems
(inc. resin MB400) (inc. resin MB400)
1 off thermo pump for Dye solution 1 off thermo pump for Dye solution
Allowance for workholding jigs Allowance for workholding jigs
Oven (120 litre) to cure parts at 160 °C Oven (120 litre) to cure parts at 160 °C
Chemical to fill to 20 litres working volume Chemical to fill to 50 litres working volume
25 litres Blackfast 716 25 litres Blackfast 716
25 kilos Blackfast LP Clear 25 kilos Blackfast LP Clear
5 kilos Blackfast SRC 5 kilos Blackfast SRC
5 kilos Blackfast DYE - (colours) 20 kilos Blackfast DYE - (colours)
5 kilos Blackfast DYC 5 kilos Blackfast DYC
5 kilos Blackfast RA 5 kilos Blackfast RA
For additional colours you will require: For additional colours you will require 1 extra tank & lid
1 extra tank & lid 1 thermo pump
1 thermo pump DYE
DYE
Test kit for LP solution Refractometer, conductivity meter and calibration kit
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS

BLACKFAST 716 LIGHT ALKALINE DEGREASER BLACKFAST LP CLEAR
USE As supplied or 50% solution in water. USE 33% solution in water.
APPLICATION Blackfast LP Clear is a cathodic electrophoretic process for depositing a clear coating on solid
APPLICATION Blackfast 716 is a light alkaline degreaser used in the preparation of clean metal surfaces prior to
brass, zinc based diecastings and most electroplated substrates to protect them from oxidation
the blacking process. Used in a dilution of 50% in water for 15 - 20 minutes, Blackfast 716 will
and to enhance wear resistance. The coating is a urethane modified acrylic co-polmer.
degrease iron and steels at room temperature. However, immersion times will vary according to
the condition of the component. More heavily oiled and greased parts can be treated first using CURED FILM Hardness: 4H - 5H pencil hardness (ASTM D3363 - 74).
Blackfast 250, a solvent degreaser, and finished off effectively with Blackfast 716. PROPERTIES Solvent resistance: A minimum of 200 rubs with acetone on a fully cured film over brass or zinc
diecasting aged for 24 hours at room temperature.
Dry adhesion: No removal of squares (1mm crosshatch, adhesive tape pull-off).
TANK MAINTENANCE It is important to maintain the strength of Blackfast 716 by removing 10% of the tank content Ultraviolet resistance: Excellent.
every 1 - 2 weeks and replenishing with fresh material. The effectiveness of a Blackfast 716 tank Scratch resistance: 2000 gms (BS 3900 part E2).
can be checked regularly by examining the water rinsed components after degreasing. If water Resistance to toiletries: Excellent.
rinse drains unevenly showing dry patches, the surface is still contaminated with oil or grease Clarity: Excellent.
and requires further degreasing through a fresh Blackfast 716 tank. Wet adhesion: No removal of squares (1mm crosshatch, 1 hour in boiling water, 1 hour wait,
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of mild steel or suitable grade of polypropylene. Handling: Excellent mar resistance as soon as stoved items are cool enough to handle.
Corrosion resistance: Polished brass: at least 250 hours. Brass plated articles including zinc
diecastings: at least 150 hours (subject to the quality of the base metal and electrodeposits). All
PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available. tests performed on substrates coated with a 10 micron film of Blackfast LP Clear (Neutral salt
DATA SHEET spray ASTM B117; BS 7479:1991; ISO 9227:1990).
aluminium at low temperatures. TANK MAKE UP Rinse tank and all pipework including ultra-filtration unit with deionised water containing 2% v/v
and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice Drain tank and fill as follows (for a 1000 litre tank):
Blackfast LP Clear concentrate: 330 kg
Maintain circulation through filter for 12 - 16 hours before commencing depositions.

Peak current: 27 amps/m2
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS

BLACKFAST 716 LIGHT ALKALINE DEGREASER BLACKFAST LP CLEAR
USE As supplied or 50% solution in water. USE 33% solution in water.
APPLICATION Blackfast LP Clear is a cathodic electrophoretic process for depositing a clear coating on solid
APPLICATION Blackfast 716 is a light alkaline degreaser used in the preparation of clean metal surfaces prior to
brass, zinc based diecastings and most electroplated substrates to protect them from oxidation
the blacking process. Used in a dilution of 50% in water for 15 - 20 minutes, Blackfast 716 will
and to enhance wear resistance. The coating is a urethane modified acrylic co-polmer.
degrease iron and steels at room temperature. However, immersion times will vary according to
the condition of the component. More heavily oiled and greased parts can be treated first using CURED FILM Hardness: 4H - 5H pencil hardness (ASTM D3363 - 74).
Blackfast 250, a solvent degreaser, and finished off effectively with Blackfast 716. PROPERTIES Solvent resistance: A minimum of 200 rubs with acetone on a fully cured film over brass or zinc
diecasting aged for 24 hours at room temperature.
Dry adhesion: No removal of squares (1mm crosshatch, adhesive tape pull-off).
TANK MAINTENANCE It is important to maintain the strength of Blackfast 716 by removing 10% of the tank content Ultraviolet resistance: Excellent.
every 1 - 2 weeks and replenishing with fresh material. The effectiveness of a Blackfast 716 tank Scratch resistance: 2000 gms (BS 3900 part E2).
can be checked regularly by examining the water rinsed components after degreasing. If water Resistance to toiletries: Excellent.
rinse drains unevenly showing dry patches, the surface is still contaminated with oil or grease Clarity: Excellent.
and requires further degreasing through a fresh Blackfast 716 tank. Wet adhesion: No removal of squares (1mm crosshatch, 1 hour in boiling water, 1 hour wait,
TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be made of mild steel or suitable grade of polypropylene. Handling: Excellent mar resistance as soon as stoved items are cool enough to handle.
Corrosion resistance: Polished brass: at least 250 hours. Brass plated articles including zinc
diecastings: at least 150 hours (subject to the quality of the base metal and electrodeposits). All
PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available. tests performed on substrates coated with a 10 micron film of Blackfast LP Clear (Neutral salt
DATA SHEET spray ASTM B117; BS 7479:1991; ISO 9227:1990).
aluminium at low temperatures. TANK MAKE UP Rinse tank and all pipework including ultra-filtration unit with deionised water containing 2% v/v
and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice Drain tank and fill as follows (for a 1000 litre tank):
Blackfast LP Clear concentrate: 330 kg
Maintain circulation through filter for 12 - 16 hours before commencing depositions.

Peak current: 27 amps/m2
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS
THEORETICAL 5 microns dry film thickness: 50m2 per kg Please note that it is preferable to maintain the bath concentration with
COVERAGE 10 microns dry film thickness: 25m2 per kg regular additions of Blackfast LP Clear rather than large infrequent additions.
TYPICAL DEPOSITION 25 volts for 60 seconds gives 4 - 6 microns dry film thickness. Conductivity of LP working solution:
30 volts for 60 seconds gives 5 - 8 microns dry film thickness. Measure the conductivity of the LP working solution.
40 volts for 60 seconds gives 8 - 12 microns dry film thickness. Conductivity should be maintained at 600 - 850, if it is too high remove the permeate at a rate of
10% of the tank volume.
The above are typical for a fresh bath (voltages required may be higher as
bath ages) at optimum temperature. Replace the removed permeate with demineralised water and Blackfast SRC as follows:
CURING CYCLE 20 minutes @ 160 °C at metal temperature. For every 100 litres of permeate removed add:
98 litres demineralised water/2 litre of Blackfast SRC.
Cure can be tested by rubbing with cotton wool soaked in acetone.
Blackfast LP Clear when fully cured can achieve in excess of 200 double rubs. DATA SHEET
FILTRATION Filtration and Ultrafiltration of Blackfast LP Clear and Black system. Blackfast LP Clear is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
Blackfast LP requires two types of filtration, achieved by combining aluminium at low temperatures.
Ultrafiltration is required when the conductivity reading of Blackfast LP reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice.


for LP Clear should be 2 - 3, If less than 2, add SRC in small quantities until the
For example: if refractive index is 1 add 5 ml per litre of tank volume of SRC.

a refractometer.
Maintain refractive index of LP Clear at 9 - 11 (30 - 36% concentration).
volume) of LP solution
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS
THEORETICAL 5 microns dry film thickness: 50m2 per kg Please note that it is preferable to maintain the bath concentration with
COVERAGE 10 microns dry film thickness: 25m2 per kg regular additions of Blackfast LP Clear rather than large infrequent additions.
TYPICAL DEPOSITION 25 volts for 60 seconds gives 4 - 6 microns dry film thickness. Conductivity of LP working solution:
30 volts for 60 seconds gives 5 - 8 microns dry film thickness. Measure the conductivity of the LP working solution.
40 volts for 60 seconds gives 8 - 12 microns dry film thickness. Conductivity should be maintained at 600 - 850, if it is too high remove the permeate at a rate of
10% of the tank volume.
The above are typical for a fresh bath (voltages required may be higher as
bath ages) at optimum temperature. Replace the removed permeate with demineralised water and Blackfast SRC as follows:
CURING CYCLE 20 minutes @ 160 °C at metal temperature. For every 100 litres of permeate removed add:
98 litres demineralised water/2 litre of Blackfast SRC.
Cure can be tested by rubbing with cotton wool soaked in acetone.
Blackfast LP Clear when fully cured can achieve in excess of 200 double rubs. DATA SHEET
FILTRATION Filtration and Ultrafiltration of Blackfast LP Clear and Black system. Blackfast LP Clear is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
Blackfast LP requires two types of filtration, achieved by combining aluminium at low temperatures.
Ultrafiltration is required when the conductivity reading of Blackfast LP reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice.


for LP Clear should be 2 - 3, If less than 2, add SRC in small quantities until the
For example: if refractive index is 1 add 5 ml per litre of tank volume of SRC.

a refractometer.
Maintain refractive index of LP Clear at 9 - 11 (30 - 36% concentration).
volume) of LP solution
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS

BLACKFAST DYE
BLACKFAST RA
USE 0.2% solution in water. USE Blackfast DYE 25%

Demineralised Water 74.5%
APPLICATION Blackfast RA is a specially selected surfactant blend suitable to aid rinsing before and after any of APPLICATION Blackfast Dyes provide a means of converting a standard clear coating to a tinted coating.
the Blackfast electrocoat and post dye systems. The series contains dyes to simulate a range of finishes, including, Brass, Copper, Gold and
Bronze.
TO AID RINSING Add 1 - 2ml/litre of Blackfast RA to the rinse tank (demineralised water is usually used for rinsing OPERATING PROPERTY VALUE CONTROL MEASURE
prior to and after electrocoat). CONDITONS
Conductivity of 100 to 800m/s Dilute with de-ionised water
Post Dye to reduce conductivity.
CLEANING Refractive index 2 to 5 brix Add Post Dye concentrate if low.
Post Dye
DATA SHEET Temperature 25 to 30 °C Heating/Cooling
Blackfast RA is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and Immersion Time 30 to 180 seconds
PROCESS TEMPERATURE IMMERSION DYE INTENSITY
Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products GUIDELINES TIME (SECONDS)
and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice
25 °C 60 to 180 Light to Medium
30 °C 60 to 180 Medium to Strong
CURING CYCLE 20 minutes @ 160 °C at metal temperature
REPLENISHMENT Maintain tank volume by addition of demineralised water to replace dragout

and evaporation loss.
Maintain refractive index of bath to a set value between 2.5 and 4.5 by addition of concentrate
(BF Dye).
NOTE The Refractive index value that is used to control replenishments will be the value of
the bath when it is set and adjusted to give first good result.
PLANT Corrosion and solvent-resistant tank and equipment:

REQUIREMENTS Temperature 30 °C +/- 5 °C (Consistent temperature recommended).
Filtration 1 Micron Filter (Capability 0.5 tank volume/Hour).

DATA SHEET
Blackfast DYE is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of
products and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS

BLACKFAST DYE
BLACKFAST RA
USE 0.2% solution in water. USE Blackfast DYE 25%

Demineralised Water 74.5%
APPLICATION Blackfast RA is a specially selected surfactant blend suitable to aid rinsing before and after any of APPLICATION Blackfast Dyes provide a means of converting a standard clear coating to a tinted coating.
the Blackfast electrocoat and post dye systems. The series contains dyes to simulate a range of finishes, including, Brass, Copper, Gold and
Bronze.
TO AID RINSING Add 1 - 2ml/litre of Blackfast RA to the rinse tank (demineralised water is usually used for rinsing OPERATING PROPERTY VALUE CONTROL MEASURE
prior to and after electrocoat). CONDITONS
Conductivity of 100 to 800m/s Dilute with de-ionised water
Post Dye to reduce conductivity.
CLEANING Refractive index 2 to 5 brix Add Post Dye concentrate if low.
Post Dye
DATA SHEET Temperature 25 to 30 °C Heating/Cooling
Blackfast RA is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and Immersion Time 30 to 180 seconds
PROCESS TEMPERATURE IMMERSION DYE INTENSITY
Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of products GUIDELINES TIME (SECONDS)
and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice
25 °C 60 to 180 Light to Medium
30 °C 60 to 180 Medium to Strong
CURING CYCLE 20 minutes @ 160 °C at metal temperature
REPLENISHMENT Maintain tank volume by addition of demineralised water to replace dragout

and evaporation loss.
Maintain refractive index of bath to a set value between 2.5 and 4.5 by addition of concentrate
(BF Dye).
NOTE The Refractive index value that is used to control replenishments will be the value of
the bath when it is set and adjusted to give first good result.
PLANT Corrosion and solvent-resistant tank and equipment:

REQUIREMENTS Temperature 30 °C +/- 5 °C (Consistent temperature recommended).
Filtration 1 Micron Filter (Capability 0.5 tank volume/Hour).

DATA SHEET
Blackfast DYE is part of the Blackfast range of products for the treatment of iron, steel and
Blackfast Chemicals continues to improve the quality and performance of its range of
products and reserves the right to modify product formulations without prior notice
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS
www.blackfast.com
tel: 020 8339 7370
Blackfast Chemicals,
Units 2 & 5 Russell House
Molesey Road,
Walton-on-Thames
Surrey, England, KT12 3PE
1
BLACKING
4
ELECTROCOAT
COLOURS
www.blackfast.com
tel: 020 8339 7370
Blackfast Chemicals,
Units 2 & 5 Russell House
Molesey Road,
Walton-on-Thames
Surrey, England, KT12 3PE

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ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING OF IRON AND STEEL

BLACKFAST CHEMICALS LIMITED | www.blackfast.com | +44 (0) 208 339 7370 | 1

ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING OF IRON AND STEEL

HERITAGE OF BLACK OXIDE

The secrets of the chemical blacking processes known to the ancient

ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING OF IRON AND STEEL

HERITAGE OF BLACK OXIDE

The secrets of the chemical blacking processes known to the ancient

INTRODUCING ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING

INTRODUCING ROOM TEMPERATURE BLACKING

10 litres Blackfast 181 Blacking 25 litres Blackfast 181 Blacking

2 Stainless steel baskets 2 Stainless steel baskets

10 litres Blackfast 181 Blacking 25 litres Blackfast 181 Blacking

2 Stainless steel baskets 2 Stainless steel baskets

AND STEEL 15-20 mins Degreaser

Blackfasts’ room temperature blacking process is a simple dip

The process does not materially affect dimensions and a

THE BLACKFAST 1 mins Conditioner

BLACKING Blacken – Blackfast 181 Blackener • Place rack in Blackener tub

DEWATERING • Place rack in dewatering tub

AND STEEL 15-20 mins Degreaser

Blackfasts’ room temperature blacking process is a simple dip

The process does not materially affect dimensions and a

THE BLACKFAST 1 mins Conditioner

BLACKING Blacken – Blackfast 181 Blackener • Place rack in Blackener tub

DEWATERING • Place rack in dewatering tub

Standard test procedure Standard test procedure

Standard test procedure Standard test procedure

20 LITRE BLACKFAST BLACKING LINE FRAMES AVAILABLE FROM STOCK

Frames Available From Stock

20 LITRE BLACKFAST BLACKING LINE FRAMES AVAILABLE FROM STOCK

Frames Available From Stock

50-100 LITRE BLACKFAST BLACKING LINE

50-100 LITRE BLACKFAST BLACKING LINE

APPLICATION DATA SHEET APPLICATION DATA SHEET

25% solution in water. USE 10% solution in water.

PRODUCTS SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.

TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be of plastic, rubber-lined steel or stainless steel.

PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.

APPLICATION DATA SHEET APPLICATION DATA SHEET

25% solution in water. USE 10% solution in water.

PRODUCTS SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.

TANK MATERIAL Tanks should be of plastic, rubber-lined steel or stainless steel.

PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.

APPLICATION DATA SHEET APPLICATION DATA SHEET

USE Use as supplied

APPLICATION DATA SHEET APPLICATION DATA SHEET

USE Use as supplied

APPLICATION DATA SHEET

The solution should be agitated during use.

Shelf life of the concentrate solution at ambient temperature: 1 year.

PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.

APPLICATION DATA SHEET

The solution should be agitated during use.

Shelf life of the concentrate solution at ambient temperature: 1 year.

PRODUCT SAFETY A safety data sheet is available.

ROOM TEMPERATURE A TYPICAL LINE WOULD BE PROCESS IN PICTURES

RINSE > 15°C

AIR DRY AIR DRY

ROOM TEMPERATURE A TYPICAL LINE WOULD BE PROCESS IN PICTURES

RINSE > 15°C

AIR DRY AIR DRY

APPLICATION DATA SHEET APPLICATION DATA SHEET

USE As supplied or 50% solution in water. USE Use diluted 9:1