Who is Dr. Ilyas Jibril Adem? He is a Pediatrician.

What is the field of specialization of Dr. Ilyas Jibril Pediatrics.

Adem?

What is the topic of Dr. Ilyas Jibril Adem's Growth and Development.
expertise?

What does the term 'growth' mean in the context of It refers to the physical changes that occur in a
child development? child's body, such as height and weight.

What does the term 'development' mean in the It refers to the changes in a child's abilities, such as
context of child development? cognitive, social, and emotional skills.

What is the importance of monitoring a child's It helps to identify any potential health or
growth and development? developmental issues early on, allowing for timely
intervention and treatment.

What are some common developmental milestones Examples include rolling over, crawling, walking,
that parents should look out for? talking, and socializing with others.

What are some factors that can affect a child's Factors such as genetics, nutrition, environment,
growth and development? and parenting can all play a role.

What are some tips for promoting healthy growth Examples include providing a nutritious diet,
and development in children? engaging in regular physical activity, providing a
safe and stimulating environment, and fostering
positive relationships with caregivers and peers.

What is growth? Increase in the size of the organism due to an

increase in the number of cells or tissues or an
increase in the size of each individual cell.

What is development? Indicates the acquisition of function by the tissues

or the organism as a whole. An increase in skill and
complexity of function.

What is the difference between growth and Growth is a change in quantity, while development
development? is a change in quality.

What are the essential biological characteristics of Growth and development in physical, intellectual,
childhood? emotional, and social terms.
What is a child? A developing human being who changes from a
newborn through infancy, toddlerhood and early
school years into an adolescent and finally, a
mature adult.

Why is a child not considered a small adult? Because a child is constantly developing and
changing as they grow.

In how many ways should one understand growth In 3 ways.

and development?

What are the 3 ways to understand growth and Not specified in the given text.
development?

What is the normative pattern? It allows one to monitor children's progress.

Why is it important to understand how biological To target factors that increase risks.
and environmental forces interact to shape
development?

How does understanding how parents It facilitates guidance and intervention.

conceptualize development help?

What are the developmental theories for infancy Freud's oral stage and Erikson's basic trust stage.
stage (0-1 year)?

What are the developmental theories for Freud's anal stage and Erikson's autonomy vs.
toddlerhood stage (2-3 years)? shame & doubt stage.

What are the developmental theories for preschool Freud's oedipal stage and Erikson's initiative vs.
stage (3-6 years)? guilt stage.

What are the developmental theories for school age Freud's latency stage and Erikson's industry vs.
stage (6-12 years)? inferiority stage.

What are the developmental theories for Freud's genital stage and Erikson's identity vs. ID
adolescence stage (12-20 years)? diffusion stage.

What are the cognitive developmental theories Sensori-motor stage, preoperational stage,
proposed by Piaget? concrete operational stage, and formal operational
stage.
What is the sensori-motor stage according to It is the stage where infants learn through their
Piaget? senses and motor skills, and develop object
permanence.

What is the preoperational stage according to It is the stage where children develop symbolic
Piaget? thinking and language, but still lack logical
reasoning.

What is the concrete operational stage according to It is the stage where children develop logical
Piaget? thinking and can understand concrete concepts.

What is the formal operational stage according to It is the stage where individuals develop abstract
Piaget? thinking and can reason logically about hypothetical
situations.

What are the factors that affect growth and The child's biologic endowment and physical and
development? social environment.

What is the nature vs nurture debate? The debate about whether genetics or environment
has a greater impact on development.

What is the biopsychosocial model? A model that recognizes the importance of both
intrinsic and extrinsic forces in development.

What is an example of how genetics, psychology, Height, which is influenced by genetic endowment,
and social factors can affect growth and personal eating habits, and access to nutritious
development? food.

What is the transactional model? A model that proposes that a child's status at any
point in time is a function of both biologic and social
influences.

What are the bidirectional influences in the Biologic factors such as temperament and health
transactional model? status both affect the child-rearing environment and
are affected by it.

How can an infant's prior health condition influence It may influence the parental reaction and
child-rearing practices? child-rearing practice in the family which may result
in the child's aggressive behavior.

Can children with biologic risk factors do well Yes, they may do well developmentally if the
developmentally? child-rearing environment is supportive.
What is the implication of optimal parent-child The risk of developmental disability may be the
interactions? same regardless of prematurity.

What is the implication of the developmental Developmental assessment at any single point in
model? time has limited ability to predict later outcome
because at every stage the developmental
trajectory is affected by both past and present
conditions.

What affects the developmental trajectory at every Both past and present conditions.
stage?

What are the different domains used to track child Gross motor, fine motor, social, emotional,
development? language, and cognition.

What do the psychoanalytic theories of Freud and They share the idea of stages as qualitatively
Erikson and the cognitive theory of Piaget have in different periods in the development of emotion and
common? cognition.

What is the main difference between the behavioral Skinner's theory relies less on qualitative changes
theory of Skinner and the theories of Freud, and more on the gradual modification of behavior or
Erikson, and Piaget? accumulation of knowledge.

What are the factors affecting growth and Genetics, nutrition, illnesses, endocrines, and
development? emotional factors.

What is the role of genetics in growth and Genetics play a significant role in growth and
development? development, including sex differences.

How does nutrition affect growth and development? Nutrition is an important factor in growth and
development.

What illnesses can affect growth and development? Illnesses such as congenital anomalies and chronic
infections can affect growth and development.

What endocrines affect growth and development? Endocrines such as thyroid-stimulating hormone
and growth hormone can increase height, while
adrenal corticosteroids can be antagonistic to
growth.

How do emotional factors affect growth and Emotional factors such as lack of love and security,
development? and disturbed child-parent relationships can affect
growth and development.
What is meant by internal milieu? Internal metabolism of the body, such as liver and
kidney diseases.

What are some environmental factors that can Intrauterine life, birth injuries, exposure to diseases
affect health? and seasonal variations, lack of sunshine, poor
personal hygiene, and socio-economic factors.

What are some examples of congenital infections TORCHS (Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis,
that can affect health? varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), Rubella,
Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex).

What is the impact of socio-economic factors on Socio-economic factors can have a significant
health? impact on health, including access to healthcare,
education, and living conditions.

How can exposure to diseases affect health? Exposure to diseases can lead to illness and
potentially long-term health complications.

What is the impact of poor personal hygiene on Poor personal hygiene can increase the risk of
health? infection and illness.

What is the impact of lack of sunshine on health? Lack of sunshine can lead to vitamin D deficiency,
which can cause a range of health problems.

What are birth injuries? Injuries that occur during the birthing process, which
can have long-term health consequences.

What are the stages of development? The stages of development refer to the different
phases of growth and maturation that individuals go
through from infancy to adulthood.

What is the age range of development? The age range of development is arbitrary and can
vary depending on the source, but typically includes
infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

Does the concept of stages of development take No, the concept of stages of development does not
into account individual differences? take into account individual differences, making it
difficult to apply to all individuals with any degree of
precision.

Is the concept of stages of development applicable Yes, the concept of stages of development is
to the majority of children? generally applicable to the majority of children.
Are there characteristic health problems peculiar to
each major phase of development?
What are the patterns of growth and development?
Are the patterns of growth and development
universal?
Do all human beings accomplish growth and
development in the same manner and time?
What are the trends followed by growth and
development?
What is cephalocaudal directional trend?
What is proximodistal directional trend?
What is mass to specific directional trend?
What are gross muscle movements?
What is the order of responding to people in
infants?
What is the significance of cephalocaudal
directional trend?
What is the significance of proximodistal directional
trend?
Yes, there are characteristic health problems that
are unique to each major phase of development,
and it is important to be aware of these in order to
promote healthy development and address any
issues that may arise.
Definite and predictable patterns that are
continuous, orderly, and progressive.
Yes, they are universal and basic to all human
beings.
No, each human being accomplishes growth and
development in a unique manner and time.
Predetermined trends in direction, sequence, and
pace.
It is the head-to-tail direction of development where
the head end develops first and is very large and
complex, whereas the lower end is small and simple
and takes shapes at a later period.
It is the near-to-far direction of development where
shoulder control precedes mastery of the hands,
and the whole hand is used as a unit before the
fingers can be manipulated.
It describes development from simple operations to
more complex activities and functions. All areas of
development (physical, mental, social, and
emotional) proceed in this direction.
They are random muscle movements that occur
before fine muscle control takes place.
Infants will respond to people in general before they
recognize and prefer their mothers.
It explains why infants achieve structural control of
the head before the trunk and extremities.
It explains why shoulder control precedes mastery
of the hands.
What is the significance of mass to specific It explains why development proceeds from simple
directional trend? operations to more complex activities and functions.

What is the concept of sequential trends? In all dimensions of growth and development, there
is a definite, predictable sequence.

Is the sequence of growth and development Yes, it is orderly and continuous.

continuous?

Do all children pass through every stage of growth Yes, normally each child passes through every
and development? stage.

What is an example of sequential trends in physical Children crawl before they stand, stand before they
development? walk.

What is developmental pace? The rate at which development progresses.

Is the developmental pace the same for all No, it varies between children.
children?

What is the order of development? Fixed and precise.

Are there periods of accelerated growth? Yes, there are periods of accelerated growth.

Are there periods of decelerated growth? Yes, there are periods of decelerated growth.

Are there individual differences in developmental Yes, there are marked individual differences
pace? observed between children.

What are developmental milestones? Developmental milestones are specific skills or

abilities that children acquire at a certain age.

Do all children reach developmental milestones at No, each child grows at their own pace and may
the same time? reach milestones at different times.

What are sensitivity periods? Limited times during the process of growth when
the organism will interact with a particular
environment in a specific manner.

When are the sensitive periods for physical growth The first 3 months.
during prenatal life?
What is growth monitoring? It is a basic strategy for child survival aimed at
detecting malnutrition at the earliest possible time
and taking intervention measures.

What is the purpose of growth monitoring charts? They are useful for screening malnutrition,
education, and evaluation of nutrition programs.

What are the three purposes of growth monitoring Screening of malnutrition, education, and evaluation
charts? of nutrition programs.

Why is growth monitoring important for child It helps to detect malnutrition early and take
survival? intervention measures.

What is the benefit of using growth monitoring They help to identify malnutrition and evaluate the
charts? effectiveness of nutrition programs.

What is the goal of growth monitoring programs? To detect malnutrition early and take intervention
measures to improve child survival.

What is the significance of screening malnutrition? It helps to identify children who are at risk of
malnutrition and provide timely intervention.

What is the role of education in growth monitoring? It helps to raise awareness about malnutrition and
its prevention among parents and caregivers.

Why is evaluation of nutrition programs important in It helps to assess the effectiveness of nutrition
growth monitoring? programs and make necessary improvements.

What are the most frequently used indicators of Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical, and Dietary.
nutritional status?

What is the Anthropometric method of assessing It involves measuring body measurements such as
nutritional status? height, weight, and body mass index (BMI).

What is the Biochemical method of assessing It involves analyzing blood, urine, hair, and other
nutritional status? bodily fluids to determine nutrient levels.

What is the Clinical method of assessing nutritional It involves examining physical signs such as
status? oedema, conjunctiva, and thyroid function.
What is the Dietary method of assessing nutritional It involves analyzing dietary intake and other
status? methods such as food frequency questionnaires
and 24-hour recalls.

What is the importance of correcting for premature To ensure accurate plotting and interpretation of
infants in growth charts? growth charts.

How can over diagnosis of growth failure be By subtracting the weeks of prematurity from the
avoided in premature infants? postnatal age.

What is the duration of correction for weight in Up to 24 months.

premature infants?

What is the duration of correction for head Up to 18 months.

circumference in premature infants?

What is the duration of correction for length in Up to 40 months.

premature infants?

When is it necessary to express growth parameters When they fall below the 5th percentile.
in percentages?

What is the Harvard Standard? A standard used to express values in percentages

when growth parameters fall below the 5th
percentile.

What are the causes of decreased linear growth Congenital, constitutional, familial, and endocrine
that must be differentiated from nutritional causes.
insufficiency?

What are the other indices of growth besides height Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Proportions, Skeletal
and weight? maturation, Dental development, Physiologic and
structural growth.

What is BMI? Body Mass Index is a measure of body fat based on

height and weight.

What is skeletal maturation? Skeletal maturation refers to the development of

bones in the body.

What is dental development? Dental development refers to the growth and

development of teeth.
What is physiologic and structural growth? Physiologic and structural growth refers to the
development of organs and tissues in the body.

What is meant by 'wt, and Ht age'? Wt, and Ht age refers to the age at which a child's
weight and height fall within a certain range of
values.

What is the average birth weight of a child? 3.25 kg

By the end of the first 6 months, how much does a It doubles.

child's weight increase?

By the end of the first year, how much does a child's It triples.
weight increase?

By the age of 2 1/2 years, how much does a child's It quadruples.

weight increase?

What is the average birth length of a child? 50 cm.

By what age does a child's height double? 4 years of age.

By what age does a child's height triple? About 13 years of age.

What is the formula for approximate average weight 3.25 kilograms

of an infant at birth?

What is the formula for approximate average weight age (in months) + 9 kilograms
of an infant between 3-12 months?

What is the formula for approximate average weight 2 kilograms

of a child between 1-6 years?

What is the formula for approximate average weight age (in years) X 2 + 8 kilograms
of a child between 7-12 years?

What is the formula for approximate average height 50 centimeters

of an infant at birth?

What is the formula for approximate average height 75 centimeters

of an infant at 1 year?
What is the formula for approximate average height age (in years) X 6 + 77 centimeters
of a child between 2-12 years?

What are primary teeth? The first set of teeth that begin to erupt at about 6
months of age.

Which are the first primary teeth to erupt? The lower central incisors at approximately 6-8
months of age.

When is the total of 20 primary teeth acquired? By 30 months of age in a characteristic sequence.

What are secondary teeth? The permanent teeth that begin to erupt at about 6
years of age.

Which is the first permanent tooth to erupt? The 6-year molar which erupts posterior to the
deciduous molars.

What is gross motor development? It refers to the development of large muscles and
the ability to perform activities such as crawling,
walking, running, jumping, and climbing.

What is gross muscular activity? It refers to the use of large muscles in the body to
perform activities such as sitting, standing, and
walking.

What is neuro-development? It refers to the development of the nervous system,

including the brain and spinal cord, and how they
control the body's movements and functions.

What is posture? It refers to the position of the body when sitting,

standing, or lying down.

What is independent mobility? It refers to the ability to move around without

assistance.

What is head control? It refers to the ability to hold the head up and
steady.

What is fine motor development? It refers to the development of small muscles and
the ability to perform activities such as grasping,
holding, and manipulating objects.
What is manipulation? It refers to the ability to use the hands and fingers to
pick up, hold, and move objects.

What is cognition? It refers to the mental processes involved in

learning, thinking, and understanding.

What is social skill? It refers to the ability to interact with others and form
relationships.

What is a social smile? It is a smile that is a response to social interaction,

such as seeing a familiar face.

What is general alertness? It refers to the state of being awake and aware of
one's surroundings.

What is curiosity about the surrounding? It refers to the interest in exploring and learning
about the environment.

What is language development? It refers to the development of communication skills,

including the ability to understand and use words
and sentences to express thoughts and feelings.

What are the developmental milestones for a Raising head, crawling movement, alerting to
1-month-old? sound.

What are the developmental milestones for a Head midline, lifting chest off table, smiling socially.
2-month-old?

What are the developmental milestones for a Rolling front to back, laughing.
4-month-old?

What are the developmental milestones for a Sitting unsupported, babbling.

6-month-old?

What are the developmental milestones for a Pulling to stand, saying 'mama'.
9-month-old?

What are the developmental milestones for a Walking alone, saying two words.
12-month-old?

What are the red flags for a 1-month-old baby? Not regarding face, no eye contact, no smile, poor
suck, floppy.
What are the red flags for a 2-month-old baby? Not looking at you with both eyes for a few
moments, not following with eyes if you move your
face slowly from side to side.

What are the red flags for a 3-month-old baby? Not responding to sound by quieting.

What are the red flags for a 4-month-old baby? Not holding head steady for a few moments when
sitting up, not grasping rattle that you put into their
palm.

What are the red flags for a 5-month-old baby? Not raising head and supporting weight on arms
when in prone position.

What are the red flags for a 6-month-old baby? Cannot reach for objects with both hands, floppy, no
response to sound, poor social response to people.

What are the red flags for a 9-month-old baby? Unable to sit unsupported, hand preference, fisting,
persistence of primitive reflexes.

What are the red flags for a 12-month-old baby? Unable to bear weight on legs.

What are the red flags for a 15-month-old baby? Not walking alone, not using at least one word
meaningfully.

What are the red flags for an 18-month-old baby? Not using at least 3 words, not pointing to what they
want.

What is the perinatal period? The period from conception to birth, which includes
embryonic and fetal stages.

What is the embryonic stage? The stage from conception to 8 weeks of

pregnancy.

What is the fetal stage? The stage from 8 weeks of pregnancy to birth.

What are the characteristics of the perinatal period? Rapid growth rate, total dependence on the mother,
and the most crucial period in the developmental
process.

How does maternal condition affect the perinatal Maternal conditions directly affect the perinatal
period? period.
What is the neonatal period?
What are the characteristics of the neonatal period?
What is the age range for the infancy period?
What are the developmental areas that rapidly
progress during infancy?
What is the significance of mutuality with the
caregiver during infancy?
What is the age range for early childhood?
What are the sub-periods of early childhood?
What are the characteristics of early childhood?
What is the age range for middle childhood?
What is another name for middle childhood?
What is the focus of a child in middle childhood?
What is the critical development during middle
childhood?
What is the age range for later childhood?
What is another name for later childhood?
The period from birth to 28 days after birth.
It is characterized by major physical adjustments to
extrauterine existence and the physiologic
adjustment of the mother.
1 to 12 months.
Motor, cognitive, and social development.
Establishing a basic trust in the world and the
foundation for future interpersonal relationships.
1 to 6 years.
Toddler (1-3 years) and Preschool (3-6 years).
Intense activity and discovery, marked physical and
personality development, steady motor
development, acquisition of language and wider
social relationships, learning of role standards,
gaining self-control and mastery, developing
increasing awareness of dependence and
independence, and beginning to develop a
self-concept.
6 to 12 years.
School age.
The wider world of peer relationships.
Development of a self-concept.
12 to 18 years.
Adolescence.
What is adolescence? A transitional period that begins at the onset of
puberty and extends to the point of entry into the
adult world.

What are the changes that occur during Biologic and personality maturation accompanied
adolescence? by physical and emotional turmoil, and redefining of
the self-concept.

What is the focus of a child in adolescence? Individual identity rather than group identity.

What is the age range for infancy? 0-12 months.

What is the average weight of an infant at 12 10 Kg.

months?

By how much does an infant's length increase by 12 25 cm.

months?

By how much does an infant's head circumference 12 cm.

increase by 12 months?

At what age can an infant support their head? 3 months.

At what age can an infant sit without support? 6 months.

At what age can an infant crawl? 8 months.

At what age can an infant stand without support? 12 months.

At what age can an infant grasp objects? 3-4 months.

At what age can an infant transfer objects from 5-6 months.

hand to hand?

At what age can an infant use thumb-finger grasp? 9 months.

At what age can an infant scribble? 12 months.

What is the age range for a social smile in infants? 6-8 weeks.
At what age do infants start laughing? 4 months.

When does stranger anxiety typically develop in 6-8 months.

infants?

At what age do infants develop object permanence? 9-12 months.

What sounds do infants typically produce in the first Vowels.

6 months?

At what age do infants start producing sounds with 7 months.

consonants?

What are some of the first words infants typically Papa and Mama.
say around 8-9 months?

At what age do infants typically say a few words? 12 months.

What is the age range for toddlerhood? 12-24 months.

What is the average weight gain during 2 kg.

toddlerhood?

What is the average height gain during 12 cm.

toddlerhood?

What is the average head circumference gain 3 cm.

during toddlerhood?

At what age do toddlers start walking? 12-15 months.

At what age do toddlers start running stiffly? 18 months.

What can toddlers do while walking upstairs at 18 Walk upstairs with one hand held.
months?

At what age do toddlers start running well and 24 months.

walking up and down stairs one at a time?

What can toddlers do with fine motor skills at 15 Make a line and insert pellet in a bottle.
months?
What can toddlers imitate with fine motor skills at 18 Imitate vertical stroke.
months?

What can toddlers imitate with fine motor skills at 24 Imitate horizontal stroke.
months?

What are the developmental milestones for
communication and self-care in toddlers?
At 15 months, toddlers indicate desire by pointing
and start speaking in jargons. At 18 months, they
feed themselves and can say 10-15 words. At 24
months, they can help undress, listen to stories with
pictures, and can say two-word sentences.

At what age do toddlers start indicating their desires At 15 months.

by pointing?

At what age do toddlers start feeding themselves? At 18 months.

At what age do toddlers start complaining when wet Around 18 months.

or soiled?

At what age do toddlers start speaking in jargons? At 15 months.

How many words can toddlers say at 18 months? 10-15 words.

At what age can toddlers help undress and listen to At 24 months.

stories with pictures?

What is the typical length of a toddler's sentence at Two words.

24 months?

What is the average yearly weight gain for 2 Kg.

preschoolers?

What is the average yearly height gain for 7 cm.

preschoolers?

By what age do preschoolers usually have all their By the end of 3 years.
primary teeth?

At what age can preschoolers walk upstairs At 2 and a half years.

alternating feet?
At what age can preschoolers ride tricycles and
copy circles?
At what age can preschoolers hop on one foot,
throw a ball over their head, and copy a cross?
At what age can preschoolers copy a square?
At what age can preschoolers skip and copy a
triangle?
What are the cognitive milestones for children in
preschool?
What is the language development of children in
preschool?
What is the average weight gain per year for
children aged 6-12 years?
What is the average height gain per year for
children aged 6-12 years?
By how much does the head circumference
increase per year for children aged 6-12 years?
What happens to coordination and stamina in
children aged 6-12 years?
What kind of complex movements can children
aged 6-12 years perform?
What kind of thinking do children aged 6-12 years
start to develop?
At 3 years.
At 4 years.
At 4 and a half years.
At 5 years.
At 2 and a half years, children can know their full
name and engage in pretend play. At 3 years, they
can know their age and sex, count 3 objects, wash
hands, and put on shoes. At 4 years, they can tell a
story. At 5 years, they can name 4 colors, count 10
objects correctly, and dress and undress. They also
think in prelogical operations.
Language develops most rapidly between 2-5
years. Vocabulary increases from 50-100 to about
2000 words. The number of words in a sentence
equals the child's age in years.
3-3.5 kg.
6 cm.
2-3.
They increase progressively.
They can perform complex movements such as
dancing.
They start thinking in concrete logical operations.
What are the common changes that occur during Rapid changes in body size, shape, physiology,
adolescence? psychological and social functioning.

What are the three distinct periods of adolescence? Early, middle, and late.

What changes occur during the early period of Rapid physical growth, development of primary and
adolescence? secondary sexual characteristics, and hormonal
changes.

What changes occur during the middle period of Continued physical growth, refinement of motor
adolescence? skills, and increased independence from parents.

What changes occur during the late period of Physical growth and development are nearly
adolescence? complete, cognitive abilities are fully developed, and
individuals are preparing for adulthood.

What are the three stages of adolescence? Early Adolescence, Middle Adolescence, Late
Adolescence

What is the age range for Early Adolescence? 10-13 years

What is the age range for Middle Adolescence? 14-16 years

What is the age range for Late Adolescence? 17-20 years and beyond

What are the somatic changes that occur during Beginning of rapid growth, appearance of 20 sexual
Early Adolescence? characteristics

What are the somatic changes that occur during Height peak, acne and odor, menarche (in females)
Middle Adolescence? and spermarche (in males)

What are the somatic changes that occur during Slower growth
Late Adolescence?

What are the sexual changes that occur during Sexual interest
Early Adolescence?

What are the sexual changes that occur during Sex drive urges, experimentation
Middle Adolescence?

What are the sexual changes that occur during Late Consolidation of sexual identity
Adolescence?
What are the cognitive and moral changes that Concrete operation, conventional morality
occur during Early Adolescence?

What are the cognitive and moral changes that Abstract thought, self-centered
occur during Middle Adolescence?

What are the cognitive and moral changes that Idealism, absolution
occur during Late Adolescence?

What are the family changes that occur during Early Bids for independence
Adolescence?

What are the family changes that occur during Continued struggle for greater autonomy
Middle Adolescence?

What are the family changes that occur during Late Practical, independent, family remains secure base
Adolescence?

What are the peer changes that occur during Early Same sex groups, conformity, cliques
Adolescence?

What are the peer changes that occur during Middle Dating, peer groups less important
Adolescence?

What are the peer changes that occur during Late Intimacy, possibly commitment
Adolescence?

What is adolescence? Adolescence is a stage of development between

childhood and adulthood.

How can developmental maturity be assessed Developmental maturity during adolescence can be
during adolescence? assessed using Tanner's staging, which involves
the sequence of somatic and physiologic changes
that occur.

What is Tanner's staging? Tanner's staging is a method of assessing

developmental maturity during adolescence based
on the sequence of somatic and physiologic
changes that occur.

What is Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR)? Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR) is a component of
Tanner's staging that assesses the development of
secondary sexual characteristics.
What are secondary sexual characteristics? Secondary sexual characteristics are physical
features that develop during puberty and
differentiate between males and females, such as
breast development in females and facial hair
growth in males.

What do the figures A and B represent? Sex maturity ratings of pubic hair changes in
adolescent boys and girls (Fig. A) and breast
changes in adolescent girls (Fig. B).

What is the purpose of these figures? To show the stages of sexual development during
adolescence.

What is the scale used in these figures? The Tanner scale.

What is the Tanner scale? A scale used to measure the physical development
and sexual maturity of children and adolescents.

What do the numbers on the scale represent? Different stages of sexual development, ranging
from 1 (prepubertal) to 5 (adult-like).

What does the pubic hair development scale in Fig. The different stages of pubic hair growth in
A show? adolescent boys and girls.

What does the breast development scale in Fig. B The different stages of breast development in
show? adolescent girls.

What is the purpose of using the Tanner scale in To help healthcare professionals assess the sexual
these figures? development and maturity of adolescents.

What is SMR? Sexual Maturity Rating.

What is the full form of SMR? Sexual Maturity Rating.

What is the purpose of SMR? To classify the stages of sexual development in

adolescents.

What is the stage 1 of SMR in girls? Preadolescent.

What is the stage 2 of SMR in girls? Sparse, lightly pigmented, straight, medial border of
labia; Breast and papilla elevated as small mound;
areola diameter increased.
What is the stage 3 of SMR in girls? Darker, beginning to curl, increased amount; Breast
and areola enlarged, no contour separation.

What is the stage 4 of SMR in girls? Coarse, curly, abundant, but amount less than in
adult; Areola and papilla form secondary mound.

What is the stage 5 of SMR in girls? Adult feminine triangle spread to medial surface of
thighs; Mature, nipple projects areola part of
general breast contour.

What is the significance of pubic hair in SMR? It is one of the physical changes used to classify the
stages of sexual development in adolescents.

What is the significance of breast development in It is one of the physical changes used to classify the
SMR? stages of sexual development in adolescents.

What is SMR? Sexual Maturity Rating.

What are the stages of SMR in boys? There are five stages of SMR in boys.

What is the first stage of SMR in boys? Preadolescent stage with no pubic hair, no
enlargement of penis or testes.

What is the second stage of SMR in boys? Scanty, long and slightly pigmented pubic hair,
slight enlargement of penis, and enlarged scrotum
with pink texture.

What is the third stage of SMR in boys? Darker, beginning to curl, small amount of pubic
hair, longer and larger penis, and larger testes.

What is the fourth stage of SMR in boys? Resembles adult type but less in quantity, coarse,
curly pubic hair, larger penis with increased glans
and breadth, and larger, dark scrotum.

What is the fifth stage of SMR in boys? Adult distribution of pubic hair, spread to medial
surface of thigh, adult size of penis and testes.

What is the significance of SMR in boys? It is used to classify the stages of sexual maturity in
boys based on physical changes during puberty.

What age is an infant who can sit without support? Around 6-8 months old.
What age is an infant who just started walking? Around 12-15 months old.

What age is an infant who is crawling? Around 6-10 months old.

What age is an infant who can lift chest off the Around 3-4 months old.
table?