itelcotech 5G CORE (5GC) Rahul kaundal AGENDA + Core Network Architecture (Reference point representation) + Service Based Architecture + Protocols + Network Function Virtualization(NFV) & MANO + Software Defined Networking (SDN)itelcotech 5G Core(5GC) ~ Architecture (standotone :won ~ roaming) = SS — Poly res for RW ‘sing, roaming & SMF 9 ami management ‘Sgrating related fo ser ‘ite Tre sterng at UPF Manage POU session UEP allocation 5G Core Network (5GC) <—> Control Plane <—> User Plane AMF Access & Mobility Management Function AUSF ~ Authentication Server Function UDM — Unified Data Management Funetion SMF ~ Session Management Function UPF — User Plane Function 5G Core(5GC) ~ Reference point representation 5G control plane has two nodes- AMF for Authentication and mobility management & SMF for session management function. ‘This modification will separate user and signaling planes. This separation is also known as CUPS (control and user plane separation). This split is required to support Network slicing as different sessions/services has different require- ments (Q0S/QC). Cloud and virtualization will enable the flexibility of using any HW for any functionality by just changing the SW further in 5G. Source 3690 twill also enable self-service agile operation. With the redesigned core network, signaling and distributed server, a key feature is to move the content closer to the end user and to shorten the path between devices for critical applications. Good examples are video on demand streaming services where it is possible to store a copy or ‘cache’ of popular content in local servers, 50 the time to access is quicker.itelcotech 5G Core(5GC) ~ Service Based Architecture Ea: aan In SBA, Network functions (NFs) offer their services to any other NFs via a common framework of interfaces. REST (Representational State Transfer) defines a set of design rules to implement the communication between different software modules in a network, GET—this is used to fetch data from a server POST—this s used to send data to a server PUT—thisis also used to send data to a server, but it replaces existing data DELETE—this is used to remove data froma server Source 36°F NRFs allow every NF to discover the services offered by other NFs present in the network and concept is called Self discovery Call flows between NFs interacting with HTTP within | scevcerecisraanon ‘een, IE the Service-based architecture. One Network — Function acts as the Service Producer, another one Ce as the Service Consumer. remamonne @ Sica? HTTP2 Protocol een request if response ard Initiate the connection terminate the connection Pracvenns GET—this is used to fetch data from a server aay POST-—this is used to send data to a server PUT—this s also used to send data to a server, but it replaces existing data DELETE—this is used to remove data from a serveritelcotech Access and mobili management function eT eaten ee asta authentication and authorization of UEs (ileus LO) eer ae cuareiag uur ey Petes eo one ad encrypted signaling Perce ate TN CRG fone eee sara ae eee Eee Areca ENC AME Hierarchy EMT AMF Set wend AMF Set LAME Region iitelcotech SMF ~ Session management function eee eich uc ferns Tene aaa ecu) Eee renee cae | Ernie EY igccmutunece File ANTAL er peran eeu Pe etn) Sen oer omen Ceased st san Ceveseue hase Pat Renu Amu acy Pagers Pree Pre cue ee ee Sica rs TSC A Sa the User Plane for that connectivity waa Tralee tea) up User Plane Function Denar grat SSE CL Mobility flee rreens Ceara) ee rato eta)itelcotech Poli Control function Cea ieee aed See tee ea] ere lity eee aca 55 aeons eee : peau ou Cee eed ec ion Priority) provides policy information to the CeCe eae ie ets Pieces Eau ae * a parameter used by NG-RAN to diffeentiote the treatment of eifferent UES Brea UDR Coney Er nee occa) een act Sn ea oe eeu) permanent identity (SUC!) to ree eae (suPi) Tee eRe DC a eM eet Pe One teetelcotech Dee React) PCF and NS Coney Pic eae NSSguoae a work slice load eve cet ehcu Brees aul ECE! Dealing with multip| ect etc NSSE DEsan SCE ere ea Rec NSSF selects ti Caen Teese a eee ees irae oar fees Titans caw Perot Brena) Pee eee) and the Configured Hrateey exe) ease eet Cees ecar! CoeTira betel alg NRF — Network Repositary function hier teks discovery of candidate NF instances .«d specific NF service or a target NF i The Nnrf_.NFManagement RCo nt) service has as rvice Perea ie cy Cee eaten ay required for NF/NF services eat eee ca Renee ee Services in the NRF. reac er) me Pe aerated eee ace rene re ne oe naa Pee ac eae) etter itelcote 5G Core(5GC) Network Protocols Forwarding action, QoS enforce Packet detection, Usage report rule Config mngt, HO mngt, N2 int. Initial UE msg, context Session Management (PDU mngt): Mobility Management (Reg, Auth) on * QoS Flow Id l Paging Policy Indicator Tunnel end point id (TEID) Specific for PDU Sessions for subs Inter System Handovers Hirata yeaa) 0 Idle mode mobility/ registrationitelcotech NEV & Orchestration Network Function Virtualization, Management & Orchestration - 5G Network Functions Virtualization (NFY) in 5G decouples infrastructure from 5G network functions virtually Infrastructure with physical nodes for compute, networks and storage are virtualized using hypervisor makes virtual machines known as NFV Infrastructure (NFVI NEVI resources are controlled and managed by Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM), Network functions such as 5G core node functions can be deployed on the underlying virtual machines known as Virtual Network Functions (VNF). Lifecycle management of these functions such as Instantiate VNF (create a VNF), Scale VNF (increase or reduce the capacity of the VNF), Update and/or Upgrade VNF (support VNF software and/or configuration changes), Terminate VNF (release VNF-associated NFVI resources and return it to NFVI resource pool) are managed by VNF Manager (VNFM), NFV Orchestration (NFVO) coordinates the lifecycle of VNFS that jointly realize a Network Service. Itis responsible for the Network Service lifecycle management including operations such as: On-board Network Service, ie., register a Network Service in the catalogue, instantiate Network Service, Scale Network Service, Update Network Service, Terminate Network Services. NF instantiation flow below depicts the process of identify and reserve virtualized resources for VNF and instantiate it. Note: Here virtualization involves proprietary software functions and Infrastructure as a service with a granularity of virtual machines. Going forward cloud native solution with the granularity of Containers/dockers and introduction of Kubernetes will help to provide more Nexibility, scalability, and efficiency with some challenges for telcos and will be discussed in upcoming posts. NFV & Orchestration I time RIC) virtual VNF Instances Onboard SN Seal up [nF] [vNF] [NF] [VNF ofservee Servce NEV Infrastructure (NFVI) f Orchestratio’ \ Virtual Virtual Virtual Terminate wea Compute | | Storage | | Network Senice sence Virtualization Layer Na ZF Compute | {Storage | | Network anitelcotech Aa a LS CLs) 5G Infrastructure (NFVI) Functions (VNF) ‘Lanstantate VNF (nFvo) c mere aed co Vireal VAMP ga) VAUSE Lf a-vatitatereavest Penny) t 4. Instantiate VF Manage instantiation Joon fit tencoge a (NC Store a eee eee “YNF instances yeni — Filtre 7 ——- io ———__} TF management of (NS |and managing the NFVI campute, 7. Allocate VM and ack 7 = ee eee itelcotech SDN SDN is a disaggregated layer 2/3 architecture which Is abstracted, controlled and programmed using software applications. na conventional network, components such as switch, router have control and data (forwarding) plane coupled together. Control plane makes routing decisions. Data plane forwards data (packets) through the router/switch. SDN separates control plane from data plane & move towards open infrastructure by decoupling software and hardware. Open and well-defined interface between control and user plane is a prerequisite of SDN & is defined by protocol called OpenFlow, which introduced Flow Rules, a simple-but- powerful way to specify the forwarding behavior. A flow rule is a Match-Action pair: Any packet that Matches the first part of the rule should have the associated Action applied to It. A simple flow rule, for example, might specify that any packet with destination address x be forwarded on output port ge-0. Opentiow controls data plane and make real-time decisions about how to respond to link and switch failures. f the data plane reports a failure, the control plane provide a remedy (e.g., a new Match/Action flow rule) within milliseconds. Control plane is logically centralized, fully independent of the data plane and implemented off-switch, for example, by running the controller in the cloud. if need more capacity in the data plane, add a bare-metal switch. If need more capacity in the control plane, add a compute server. Network Operating System (NOS) in controller is like a server operating system which provides a set of high-level abstractions. Fira td tte)itelcotech SDN Virtualization layer (NFV) is added between the hardware layer and the control system that allow generic networking hardware to support multiple configurations. With SDN, it can create one set of (forwarding) rules and applications for one group of users, and an entirely different set of rules and applications for another group of users. Use cases of SDN are traffic engineering for WANs, SD-WANs, Access networks, network telemetry and switching fabrics, In 5G NR, Near-RT RIC (Radio Intelligent controller) implemented as an SDN Controller to host a set of SDN control apps. These apps - Link Aggregation Control, interference Management, Load Balancing, and Handover Control, are currently implemented by individual base stations with only local visibility, but they have global consequences. The SDN approach is to collect the available input data centrally, make a globally optimal decision, and then push the respective contral parameters back to the base stations for execution inreal time. Note - Realizing value of SDN in the 5G NR is ongoing and emerging, Reference - ONF, ETSI Software Defined Networking ated layer 2/3 architecture which is abstracted, controlled and programmed Pe eee ee vor Firewall Other Apps Application layer| jt SDN control software (Controller) - Network OS Control layer ‘OpenFlow interface Flow rules Infrastructure layer|telcotech Traditional Software defined Networking (SDN) Frewall Other Aops | > Coen is Application layer Ly ‘SN cat sofware (Controle) — oss [Control Control layer owas Yovertow merce Business agreements, Credentials, potcies, ‘Management etc HYPERVISOR v3. control Near eal time RIC