BORN MUSLIM

This paper was prepared to fulfill a course assignment

Reading Teks (Akidah Akhlak)

ARRANGED BY :

7th GROUP

Nadia Shirin Raihani 2120202098

Elvina Dwi Trisia 2120202129

SUPPORTING LECTURER :
MAISA WETRY, M.Pd

PRODI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN FATAH PALEMBANG

2023
 DISCUSSION

A. Pre Islamic Arabia

Mecca, the birthplace of Islam. To understand the background to
the birth of Islam, we first need to know the conditions of Mecca, which is
the birthplace of this religion. It is known that Mecca used to be on the
outskirt of a very large desert and was inhabited by people called
Bedouins.
Therefore, the people of Mecca and its surroundings are known as
the Badui tribe who live near oases (fertile areas).
Even though Mecca has long been busy with traders, there is still
no state organization bureaucracy or army. The only goverment institution
that had been estabilished in Mecca was the senate, which consisted of
tribal representatitives.
Social conditions in Mecca at that time were also considered
irreguler. Therefore, the pre-Islamic society in Mecca was called the
Jahiliah society.
Ignorance is a concept in the Islamic religion that denotes a time
when the people of Mecca were in ignorance or stupid.
Because they did not have a way of life, the people of Mecca at
that time were surrounded by various bad things, such as injustice, crime
and superstitious beliefs.
Futhermore, in the era, women also had a very low position.
Pre-Islamic Arab society still could not fully appreciate women. Women
receive no social respect and do not have any rights. Men could marry
women as they pleased and also divorce them for free.
The Arab nation is an entity that originates from the descendants of
Sam, the eldest son of the Prophet Noah. Other entities are Roman and
Persian. They live in the southwest region of the Asian continent (al-Janub
al-Gharbi min Asia), or what is commonly known as the Arabian
Peninsula.
 The internal politicl conditions of the Arabian region during the
Jahiliyah period leading up to the arrival of Islam were basically divided,
lacking central leadership or unity. Political leadership there is based on
tribes or tribes to defend themselves from attacks by other tribes.
The main academic source of income for Arabs is trade and
business. One of the advantages of the Arab nation is its language. Arabic
is one of the most perfect languages of the Samitic family and was able to
survive natural selection until Islam came, then experienced very rapid
development because of it. Many Arabs before Islam worshiped idols.

B. The Time Of The Prophet

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and His Appointment as a Prophet
Messenger Hewas Muhammad ibn Abdillah ibn Abdul Muthallib ibn Hashim
ibn 'Abdu Manaf ibn Qushayy ibn Kilab ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ay ibn
Ghalib ibn Fihr ibn Malik ibn al-Nadhar ibn Kinanah ibn Khuzaymah ibn
Mudrikah ibn Ilyas ibn Mudharr ibn Nazzar ibn Ma'add ibn Adnan ("Adnan is
the son of Prophet Isma'il). This lineage is agreed upon by historians and
expert genealogists.The Prophet was born on Monday, the 12 th of Rabi' al-
Awwal, in the Year of the Elephant, the year when Abrahah al-Aswad waged
war against Mecca and attempted to destroy the Ka'bah but failed. Abrahah
and his army were destroyed by Allah and made an example of His power for
mankind, as mentioned in Surah Al-Fil. The birth of the Prophet, according to
some scholars, coincided with the month of April in the year 571 CE.He was
born an orphan in the house of Abu Thalib from the Banu Hashim clan. His
father, Abdullah bin Abdul Muthalib, passed away when he was only 2
months old in his mother Aminah bint Wahab's womb, and after his birth, he
was nursed by a woman from the Sa'ad bin Abu Bakr clan named Halimah
bint Abi Dzu'aiyb. Abdullah bin Al Harith.1

1
Qasim A Ibrahim , Muhammad A Saleh, Buku Pintar Sejarah Islam Jejak Langkah
Peradaban Islam Dari Masa Nabi Hingga Masa Kini (Zaman, 2014)hal.22
 At the age of 6, his mother Aminah passed away, and he was then
taken care of by his grandfather, Abdul Muthalib, until his grandfather's death,
at which time he was 8 years old. Subsequently, his uncle Abu Thalib, known
for his charisma among the Quraysh2, took care of him.

Muhammad's childhood was spent herding sheep for the Quraysh,

which he did to help his uncle's financial situation. Despite his noble
intentions, Initially, Prophet Muhammad's desires were strongly opposed by
his uncle and aunt, but with determination and strong reasoning, Abu Thalib
eventually allowed Muhammad to pursue his aspirations. Amidst tending to
livestock, Muhammad often contemplated and pondered—a behavior
uncommon for a young child. Nevertheless, this process set Muhammad apart
from other Arab children, and one of the notable differences that became
widely known in Mecca was his remarkable honesty. Due to his honesty,
Muhammad was later given the title Al-Amin, meaning the trustworthy one.
This title greatly supported Muhammad's later mission.Moreover, during his
childhood, Muhammad appeared different from other children because he
exhibited traits akin to those of adults. When Muhammad was under the care
of Abu Thalib, his uncle's living conditions were very simple. With many
children to care for, Abu Thalib had to bear the burden of raising his nephew.
Often, when it came time to eat, Abu Thalib's children would scramble for
food, fearing they wouldn't get a share. However, Muhammad behaved
differently. He refused to compete for food and patiently waited for whatever
he received. Observing this, Abu Thalib's wife, Fatimah bint Asad, always set
aside food for Muhammad, ensuring he didn't have to wait for his meal, unlike
the other children. This led Abu Thalib's children to perceive that their mother
favored Muhammad over them.3At the age of 12, Muhammad accompanied
his uncle on trade journeys to Syria. However, during one of these journeys,
they met a Christian monk named Bahira, who advised Abu Thalib not to

2
Muhammad Sa’eed Ramadhan Albuthi, Fiqh al Siirah Muhammad SAW (Beirut-
Lebanon: Dar El Fikr, 1993).hal.38
3
Kartika Sari dan M Hum, “SEJARAH PERADABAN ISLAM,” Shiddiq Press, 2015,
144.hal.19
 leave Muhammad unaccompanied. Bahira saw signs of prophethood in
Muhammad and feared that if these signs were discovered by Jews, they might
try to harm him.At the age of 25, Muhammad married a wealthy and beautiful
widow named Khadijah. Khadijah was attracted to Muhammad for his honesty
and competence. 4At the age of 25, Muhammad became increasingly involved
in trade, even traveling to Syria with goods belonging to Khadijah,
accompanied by Khadijah's servant named Maysarah. After returning from
trading in Syria, Khadijah sought the help of her friend Nafisah bint Muniyyah
to propose marriage to Muhammad. Muhammad. Prophet Muhammad never
remarried after Khadijah's death. From this marriage, all of his children were
born, except for Ibrahim, who was the result of his marriage to Mariyah al-
Qibtiyyah.5

An important event occurred during the construction of the Ka'bah and

the resolution of a dispute by the Prophet when he was 35 years old. The
Quraysh tribe planned to rebuild the Ka'bah after it was damaged by a severe
flood. They demolished the Ka'bah and divided it into several parts, assigning
each tribe a portion to rebuild. When it was time to place the Black Stone
(Hajar Aswad) back in its original position, they argued over who had the
right to do so. They were on the verge of killing each other until Abu
Umayyah al-Mughirah proposed a solution: the person who entered the
mosque first would have the right. The next day, it turned out that the Prophet
was the first to enter the mosque. They agreed and said, "We are pleased if the
trustworthy one does it." The Prophet then spread his cloak, placed the Black
Stone on it, and invited each tribal leader to hold a corner of the cloak and lift
it together. When they reached the Black Stone, the Prophet placed it himself. 6

Approaching the age of 40, every year for one month, Muhammad
secluded himself in the Cave of Hira to contemplate the creation of nature. His

4
Zakki Fu’ad, Sejarah Peradaban Islam Paradigma Teks, Reflektif, dan Filosofis, t.t.,
hal.10.
5
Qasim A Ibrahim, Muhammad A Saleh, Buku Pintar Sejarah Islam Jejak Langkah
Peradaban Islam Dari Masa Nabi Hingga Masa Kini (Zaman, 2014), hal.24.
6
Ibid,hal.25
 wife Khadijah fully supported his desire, providing him with food to take to
the Cave of Hira.

Muhammad continued this practice every year. When he reached the

age of 40, on the 17th of Ramadan in 611 AD, the angel Gabriel came to him,
conveying the first revelation of Allah, Surah al-Alaq (verses 1-5).
Symbolically, this marked Muhammad's appointment as the final Prophet of
the time. Prophet Muhammad narrated his experience to his wife Khadijah.
Khadijah accompanied the Prophet to see a knowledgeable Christian monk
named Waraqah bin Naufal. After the Prophet recounted his experience,
Waraqah said, "This is the angel that was sent down by Allah to the prophets
before you..."

After the first revelation came, there was a pause in revelation for
about two years. Then Gabriel came again to bring the second revelation,
Surah al-Mudatsir (verses 1-7). With the descent of the second revelation, it
meant that the Prophet had begun his duty to convey the message. 7Prophet
Muhammad's mission as the bearer of revelation from Allah encompassed
both worldly and hereafter missions. This means that the Prophet's duty was to
organize society morally and to change the conditions of Arab society at that
time. In other words, the Prophet brought a mission of theological doctrine
and theological-political doctrine. The theological doctrine emphasizes
morality in uniting human moral ideals with Allah's moral ideals without
making social-political changes. As for the theological-political doctrine, it
emphasizes morality while also attempting to make changes in the social and
political system.With the aforementioned mission, the figure of Prophet
Muhammad is known as both a Prophet and a statesman. He was a messenger
bringing Allah's teachings and also a statesman who led his people. Prophet
Muhammad's task was to lead the Muslim community to success in both this
world and the Hereafter. Because of his great mission, he became a role model
for his people.
7
Syamruddin Nasution, Sejarah Peradaban Islam (Pekan Baru - Riau: Yayasan Pustaka
Riau, 2013), hal.34.
 Prophet Muhammad's mission, as outlined in Islamic teachings,
successfully transformed the Arab nation from a previously barbaric and
unknown people to a nation that advanced and dominated the world. He
managed to change the lives of the Arab people in various aspects and
conditions. This is what makes the Prophet known as a great and significant
figure in human history.8

The Prophet Muhammad's preaching even before he was appointed as

a prophet and messenger already set an example for us to follow. His
exemplary character serves as a model for us in our daily lives. No matter how
difficult the challenges the Prophet Muhammad faced, he always relied on
Allah. Despite all the hardships and trials that Allah gave him, he remained
steadfast in his belief in monotheism and upheld the high principles of the
Islamic religion that he brought.

During the period of preaching in Mecca, the focus of the Prophet

Muhammad was on manifesting the religion of Allah, Islam, and calling
people to abandon superstitions and false idols, emphasizing the worship of
the One true God, and upholding monotheism.

The Prophet Muhammad's preaching, whether done secretly or openly,

was a natural progression emphasizing the closest approach to be prioritized.
The essence of Islamic preaching given by the Prophet in Mecca for about 13
years included matters of faith and belief, acts of worship, and moral conduct.

Then, during the Medina period, as the Prophet Muhammad

strengthened Islam with his companions, efforts to spread Islam further began.
The history of thought and civilization in this field strongly adheres to the
sources of the Quran and Hadith, from which Islam brought a comprehensive
social and bilateral system during the 23 years of the Prophet's mission until
the end of his life.

Perhaps this writing may contain many mistakes or areas that need
further correction as I am still in the learning process. Hopefully, it brings
8
Sari dan Hum, “SEJARAH PERADABAN ISLAM,” hal.24.
benefits and enables us to practice how the Prophet Muhammad contributed to
the thought and civilization of Islam in its early days.

SUMMARY
 The Islamic religion first emerged in the Arabian Peninsula, specifically in
610 CE, marked by the reception of the first revelation of the Quran in Mecca by
Muhammad (PBUH). The society of Mecca at that time was engulfed in various
negative aspects such as injustice, crime, and superstitions. The condition of the
Arabian society, which was deviating from the teachings of Allah, began to
improve after the birth of Prophet Muhammad in the 6th century. Prophet
Muhammad was born into the world to deliver a message. On August 6, 611 CE,
while contemplating in the Cave of Hira, he saw a bright light. At that moment,
the Angel Gabriel appeared with a dazzling light and conveyed the first revelation
to Prophet Muhammad.

The first revelation to Prophet Muhammad was Al-Alaq verses 1-5, which
stated that Prophet Muhammad was the last prophet of the era who would be
disbelieved, harmed, expelled, and fought against. Some time later, Prophet
Muhammad received the second revelation commanding him to call people to
Allah. After receiving this revelation, Prophet Muhammad began to preach and
spread the teachings of Islam to the people of Mecca.

The first ten years of preaching were a difficult time for Prophet
Muhammad, marked by various rejections and resistance from the people of
Mecca. However, Prophet Muhammad did not give up and continued his Islamic
mission. Prophet Muhammad struggled in Mecca, spreading Allah's message and
gathering a small group of followers. Initially, Prophet Muhammad spread the
teachings of Islam discreetly within his own community. However, after some
time, he began to preach more openly. Eventually, Islam began to spread to other
regions, including Indonesia. Some sources suggest that Islam entered Indonesia
in the 7th century, while others believe it was in the 13th century.

BLIBLIOGRAPHY
Al-Qur‟an dan Terjemahnya

Albuthi, Muhammad Sa‟eed Ramadhan. Fiqh al Siirah Muhammad SAW. Beirut-

Lebanon: Dar El Fikr, 1993.

Fu‟ad, Zakki. Sejarah Peradaban Islam Paradigma Teks, Reflektif, dan Filosofis,
t.t.

Hafiddin, Hamim. “Pendidikan Islam pada Masa Rasulullah” 1, no. 1 (2015): 14.

Ibrahim, Qasim A, dan Muhammad A Saleh. Buku Pintar Sejarah Islam Jejak
Langkah Peradaban Islam Dari Masa Nabi Hingga Masa Kini. Zaman,
2014.

Kurniawan, Muh.Alif, Rochanah, Suyatmi, Ali fajar isbakhi, Kuni Adibah,

Syifaun Nikmah, Ahmad Fathoni, dkk. Sejarah Pemikiran dan Peradaban
Islam: Dari Masa Klasik, Tengah, Hingga Modern. Qoulun Pustaka, 2014.

Mubarak, Syaugi, Badrian, dan Faisal Mubarak Seff. “PERAN KEARIFAN

LOKAL DALAM UPAYA DERADIKALISASI FAHAM RADIKAL DI
KALIMANTAN SELATAN.” Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam dan
Humaniora 2, no. 18 (2020): 122.

Nasution, Syamruddin. Sejarah Peradaban Islam. Pekan Baru - Riau: Yayasan

Pustaka Riau, 2013.

Sari, Kartika, dan M Hum. “SEJARAH PERADABAN ISLAM.” Shiddiq Press,

2015, 144.

“Sejarah Lahirnya Agama Islam”,

https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2023/01/13/140000879/sejarah-lahirnya-
agama-Islam?
page=all&_gl=1*1juhs2w*_ga*YW1wLUdEaHkyRVgzbnVzSl9VZmsxNIZIMU
V2d2xHU081aW9wdm....#page2
 Tarigan, et.al. 2023. “Peradaban Islam: peradaban Arab Pra Islam”.
Journal on education. 5(4).