CE 6401D- Gaournd Iopooveenl Assgommnt P200039CE

ardomMixung od Sablhzahben

hopeolus eb soel such

as shgh, shlpen, comporsbelg, perameably,
be alhredby
volume charnge hdeny may
wemkabely, fof sasaphbldly oo

usd vn diunv
geil shbdhsthon. b sehu sos mmxug s
Vawecus
vaieus mx ihock o
h i mehed
skabehtahen »
v14tu and land applicalions, manly len go
mnd m -silu wtlh depreuf slahleung
emd mpsawmul sols au

axl he soil and/ca u gendwalls

birndsr, whieh chumically uacl
af hu sulau
becovmes poseba by Caluon orchamge
mupmmmmt
chmal
clay mnealk, bandmg 4sol poriler and/er pllong voub b
u most mupedarnt bmolus au cmonl and kmt.
icatum producs.
ashes as aell as olhu setovclasy
oarn blasí mau slag, 1yprom,

nmatnal au also ud. nemvhon mmt

paodut amd Conpemaol
oxuclalion agené co odhes
Cualimnl bmclur au aplaed wilh ohemeial
Aratloa maluals b undu pllulani hanales
be elwdeel mls ho qmual
muxmg declmiqus
cm
o
qod
malhod (pMM) h% kallow mnng melhocl(irny
mlhec Veep Mamg
Wu fequully u d
mosf and klla dealopet DMM a applud f
hu Socl do a mnmumt duplh d3m mcl euuenly
ilablizalien o
h buneas a u wyeilid
kumildh hratumm dtplh abvnt 30m.

duagh hollos olaliieg

mto hu soil d1y amcl sluy fem lools. u
oolsM wachue
ath
cordk varout cúlling
wmmG shafh pped u , 4nxbng
augu yus
ing mlx

Aueoakimau auge
,
anh
alie egupprd
shei au
imaase hu ejeecevty
h
Had n padles enbaued
muchamual mu mg
m som melhocds, tu
 Swnullammsly
yeclwmg lud gumt al
hugh velecly doseugh
munzkes m u mmmg culling ools.
cemplmmlay SMM har heen speefececal deiveloped
do Auduu d cost mmontmwul l o t a saf tupugtual soila
onelymq Subslavmlal ateas, costs cmpatvmg lamel dupard ouudged
Scolmals wet egamut 8od a tw mel dhck. d u aho a
Snilabh mmlhodomselu axlh hemediahen d enlam maud
3ol amdsludges. m suth applicakms hu so hau o be
mocd m Sdu wlk am
appaopolai amnmt wet
4 weten
heavnguly
slabdesaben am mlui volumu oh ea ud
olhy buour b eusw
'.lype seu mxung dkfud
hu
o mas sobekabn. a

Socl
vexlieal ovelappng
a s slabdisahw can be achuved beq oslalmg
no!
amd d m Mmmnmenl Aolalung muRng
Columns wilh up
miorf tost ecluui whmwm smg umg larg
age
DMM amd
as dhu cau
em

auanngenunks wk hn
mmullph hall
danulko wuxmg A b
h sablise vey wak sod
equiipuenl t u gonenally poscb6
|nd
a manmmm dupl daben 12m

m slabelisadon sols Conmonly amy Jfollowevng huu

melhods au
employ
slabrlualen
Mechannucal n gamulas hn

Choutal slablialion
3 hnal slabdinlom
 omulas slabuialina
Mechamcal on

m lhod, g1amulas beas

mg
labulualun
nm Mechameeal gandas malaal
malual hke
khe
enCemenlrng
moel/ud wel prafllmg
skelalen is dmenlus
meolas. cf mvous preperalen
clay,
Conule n amd somc cenlaunmg sd.elay
conlan
lou, graul
hgh shunglh, dobelaly
Sol aggegali
emssfong
oh eblhun
oblam
slabelaly
m a e v n a m

deuuly gauud
Cmpathd d Pledevn 1e COuss

all weadhes tonclelrns thronh

daablely M deGln
fem a gamulhs braseng
eempathel, lead
loacl
8ecls mvhm hamsfa e)
mablng hans
confacl pouh, mablong
-b gram
veume slehk
nelivk gam
mmg
deleovnatei,
hase, scub bav
unt
wchonl much pe ecnshurho

urd m
h a
Granula slabilsalun u obbam
is h
pomasy
obpeluui
ceuse paued Aoade. gadalen ?
gadalan
t
nd suau aelh
axla
Conlenos
Conlentus

mnliutparuls
dtrdel
merluer
pooperloud
well pacpmmd
camposdein 4
u laguurmmls
desucl pkaslurly wa
weamg
.

SC
auc
ho o
au
bases gemuatly dl fan emt clly
sharld be ceneelly
sarld
o ust

such
thblsakm, dh aggugali
meduamecal
m d u a n c a l doengla4
donglk
Suulas. hm haus sfcuit
sherld dumg empichn
poopeolerund hfene ayng oliskcbulein
dliskebulon dumg
mamlaui du samu qain aje hal
Ahal uu
Aeulant
Aesuslant
h
as h malinal

suse
by halh. y maluas igah m
w
a
mecbanu
n e c b a n tcally
ally

annd subugueul cse as

as 41gau
astealunalutil
ue

be
Sutlablh
sutlabh fo
8hall ual sard,
wea toesumg
Weahang natual ock, ga
kunds 4 en Aoad cmshbar hn
used
slabrluncl scad elc úaus been
beuul shal
slag
8uch as

Mlechamtal dhbdsabm
mipla
slahderalun i baned n hu povnuples 4
Mechamral
Ci Conbolled gracltngsod
Cr) ppoepora Cenpathun
 muehamial slahlsalun rooes Sod mul possk ssa qrmulaa
beasng saeleln Cmposcd p a l c l go ham 0.015 mm
bear m
h dyrly d Soil clinal hesalnnte propusler ? volune
Thas posses

alabeluty bul il may Arguuu bendug cementaben f

also dcuass m wablalyJ awhuh a suclabk poopohen
Socl fone ucessar9
Chunucal Slabilsali

Chenecal slablesalm tu a ptoun minng o1od wtl

a acdadmeicluur pewdu, deuy nligud
Cembvnalun

eb volumu
fe u gmnal objceluus mpvng enholvrg
fo
stabolety sh wnglh Shes-shan behowous, peuneabilly 1olurabell
,

poobably hu olout
Secl stabelaialin uuung chemual acluurclus
gmesl wichspread mu taod gromd aovveneo Th mos

Cmmnly ucd slabdralte agmt au Pollard

olland emel
belumon hollord eomen, o u fly ash fall oh
ply ash .

bdmen mesl
ealegoy achu agenls, Whuas
am
Th
avtuu agmf ae dh ese cwhekh Atal chumually
agunl. h
well socel conshlunh amd/n o hu a dmvlus: but agud
Aesn pomd a slabilsead mah be
Suth as belwmen o

aggugales s e Oesay
Coaln Ceuning he so pailc
Chemcal Reatlivn kk hydal1n, tm exóang, cemeniahem, Jlocuslehr
xlaln Cabevalien oceuss hehvcen
paucepelalin, pokymartabun,
addliur. hu alluu
h poopeolus of
90cl oltmls chomeal dhe soil
e voel ? h a berdang
Soel sufaa by pluggmg
the chemeali dpordi vm the
phycalS
palels Dpplra berm
ecenome
chemmal comelhmu nalual soil, aweskahlly agoal,
eenctihans he conshuthm.
8afely censkaunl speegfi
 cluemmutal slabelualim au
hhdely d
1Cmmml ablaalen

mslahlsahm

3Bchumous slabehoh
slaheheahuri
auh
ashshhlabn lim-fly
4 ly
Olfeo chemeal sabdlwaben

enoerot &labulishen walu

s Cale
mixrd
mad
twh
w l amunl
emml

het mlmod pul ued 3od Aundeos

ndeos
he

the motoral
matoral

m ashceh

uen tmpacluol lo hugh densly, txcpl anga

theonal fchenmtal sheses
sesslana h V a t o u s physical, ha hchnpu.
he asual
olheo ocl
mpoerrd asig
all
ogarxa day, sandy soil16
tod 5 o
added b
s
b k
eummot
poopohm Compaiss/ ve
deteamnd by coelucitog
a
ed. zad popobhin
daypy
Shereath } dunohlky ess
Hvanlages exth camd
ast sotk can be slabrhsed
matesol ahose propes hes £ pochthom
an valy
s sugdfcally ousgrd
lesed f lrhold
Cau/ully mostuu cm end
Vascarn n

e a oluralh makanál ? d ahkd by

aih ege
kmparalue . I veraxs shomgh otkr
exual sheng th
s
coodeoabe
malarál ha bas
a a

Clasfud as mm Bcged maleuial

Psadvondager
Cosly maksial
ksr o shunkag
volumhi thanges laku place, g t v n g
Fk Comeot bycloaes
esacks
 pprexale qtadahw kmt fea Sod- comrn (HRB 1943)
loo

50

0-002 0 06 2-0
Pashch sze (om)
San 92avelly soil 0lh 1o to 35 f dealameunt
Cenorol t barderieg
brich snd qlacal ont f wnd bloun sond Sghily mooe aen

Sllg claycy soèl boe anmouzd Gmeol

Techaniso athin

m Cemenl slabhsahi 4 sod as ament hytoates a g l t foonmec

had upem hasdening , m a mabia, h h comb th s

cellelar

bordges belver
h aGJpegait, thus poaclurng
pauhees
pauheb e em shrag
duuable shuchusal maaial
hard
Aeomahr 4 omenthems pooduct lku caleu
amulas sol
calevm
aluminum bydaates aho watu is
sehral hychate and c n t h i n t peduct pvndi
a

lo the eenxol
sc hgbly
added
soilk f holk tom fronay
herod belnen the qerlas b y snacheo

abre echanam
a foolfed by suachev
bx e
r grouel sod a r h he day esal
pabhea
ecmen pasle
b * poe
be leren foa hasr eztharg
e poescno
a a a owey
h Aratheon lakus plate tn

aantheu , casng olay pa2iKCGI 10

loceulahen eombn
 24glomaal mlo large sgco paslecs
he mt lae
palug a blely to
mto toeeastng b sheng.

Jacleos cnlwreung emenl stabhsahen meiod

Nalau of Sotl
Cemend Conkn!
Mos feue cevlen!

Mng, compachefCuung

m slabehsahin

d u slabdhssher dh beycoakel lerr ooat lme i a

eleehw maus

C tmpovig
C empotvng h engenee 1 poopeslui o hrauy olay sock rrckrg
dm slahlhsa hem s he oethocl uped hm leme oe so

ma tesra ? dkoseea hen a1 oplroum moafuu Crotentfeo tbe cmsout bn

Seub basss a s poebeolmnt o subrgunt slabhsa ben

bases ?
belamenos mateak.
Coment
uelb peolland
ods, dloaseos e lguucl lami
lu i addacl n
claycy
whn
Whm
rdix Thi Aureleos adayey socl biable,
socl Sucluces be plasherly
uduus swellrg, f aevaaxr Arguud fa
the Me
easy to
tasy
& pulvse,
h shength, shlfpest duahelly ferpe
Compaclhn. tf mprus
ako
u
has r
har Evl eef on
bghly ngane socl? on
asamd socls
Soil avek l o elay Namaly d-8% 2 len may
cmten!.

seck t has
Grard sodS S-107 {o plashe
gu uud to
coasst
he
weh b

bem fownd Mhal

bewn
the shergh sod- lemm mx roass

lm ctmnt, ly ash and sus khi.

amalcsal uch as
adelalaesn 9
slabua hn i mal dehuw feo
8lakluahen 4 clay -gouul waluseab Scs ve as base for
Pwwmunbh ho 1 Cafon) beg aegblsa
. Slabshsasher 6 hravy clay ocls seve a
haes(52-10 4 lime)
asub baes (r-3 ) fo pawmnks.

Mathaniso Chermal Acothin :

czag
ng
cwih he clay mreralt,
mpcial cra
m k m slablisahen lem Atach
tnseluble co
CD
evalo
evator
f
calwm selical eohcch u
gelgel
a
he srheak ges hus
conshlula

fogethea.
bndi the sod pashclos heoe
sea.
Selual can
mly befpoma
envelopng bndng *ns o
han/ear a "? oi
eata ho erable
9auuanl
dh sufaeu elay makoal
CH NH+ CASI Ns+ Degradaen portutf
NAS,I +

C AO
N Na0
A ALO

Sedrcanlshm

Clay
GS
No peoe
cdts
Cy Clay
aoe sakua td

Jmpodvemand s0d chavacdeouslhes

layes Jeoms wato Arsalaol baooes by emprdeng
. lerre stakl1sel a

avalo hon ahove apellany meskuu fm belou

penebahn grardiy
.e eo1le n a l shength
Theleosale cororases maskedly, hus be

slabelseel laye dnutlept brm thgh

he plasheely ax he
The soil oops queckle by ajaulio
4
0 ovae
 m
nstamces
SOmu
h geuually duu h auuae tm
lyud
Lml amd mura m plasht mii.
Cme arce laral hseakvng p elay clocli dutg
Thu sod bromes moe ball ? an be weokud
d
sead1ly det h agglovterahen f dutgrahen
dmu ac n ogy Onl tvel sod queekly hur spadunj p

Canpa clm
The socl à agglouabd Bedhuting h socd borelu o l a y contnt

Sbslarnhally
be shonkage f savel chasadaahe seidà dduud maladly

PCca ecesemg, uncfred Compesue shengh ennoeases corrrohatly

. o a d bearmg Vaues seuch as CBR, eras haxal, plat beang
Scubsfonhally
R-valus k vahu ele noeases

Ndvanlages
kume slabelusahen wth hydoakd kme vn fal kme s an elecle
dhu engevuenng popedlai baauy elay Sel
mpa v
h sherglh, sllfus vud disabelily d fou
qsaul sooli
n
emkookmot
emokment

slabelsca ho sock
ko soch n

dru bras also been us eel as a

} caeles

onal hong, m u be coeste d paueneetd

avd
laper kevvu o so prooluer
a

Cnnutu fndalecserIpbodu ben mouluu cnlenl

optmum
anmum derudy u d u hghu
Cutocuted soils
han abal d h cae
33 umu slabelisabn hai hus1uly bun cakel ko slabelurng bpy
ex

s a such a blatk too Soilc

Cnsla ble plashi aod seurthng elayey polenlal
Ieahumt wrlh dm hulp dececa sung hi suellang
andl sovellng fpr es seu Sutclt elayey sols
 h legud
4 hhm lumw i adaled m clayy soil, ct louwrus
kuuit socd amcl Reduer he ploshely nclix ha Aeolvos
be paveescd, ledues tell vng
Claycy sotlcabh and easy b
amd olecrcascs he aMC Atguud fa eompacbiw
nulases

has beeu nnd a l h sheuglh soc ma

maleral Such at lmt men

al dhu addolcn
hu
ly ash aud swskei'

1sadvanlags
sod-
good clay cmlnl m s0c ap9me iguawmen! fo
soilt u not
luu slabelaia lirn hu Semdy Socls amd sdly
ho
Seltabh he atlan passmgeng S c u u Aronlel uof b
plautuly mdan hould be
al kiaif ef
dhan 15Y amd u
au mst
SoclSocls Celammg AMDee han gomu cmbut

Suila be

buhurmrous Slabluahor
ConsuslerDcus do mpovu Tbe
vastous
Behumunous maooah ane uscd n

usually bau
8oi. m cohesm 8ocl whul nusceally han
Cng utang p0poalur moslus culuvnl belvnun
apacty af low
9alufaclH beamng
hu sod rducug avkr
Mamly sevna dhe poapose waluproang
oclachung oolasen belamen
a bseapluwn n dhe ean somdiy
sabstarzes
3thumnous
asa bondlpg o amartng agenl.
Eaer ased o
efc omtmes
Sueh a aplhalli beluum a, malsen ase

baes iorts
shbrlung he salgtaeó
or

slabdeu soils paulicalasly e

Cspngkgtlalead use hesc substances uxfcel So
behurnen admtuu
admlut
cuy ecenolihmu. ebekumen
onulas Stirndy Soth
atr ai a bondu ? as a wo tapofrug
h m Spo ead me lu Socl laya
aanl Kehumen oquutrrtv Commooly Aovnges
 tomtuy
tomdy
hs cohn nuw oth hn4-107
ony wyl 4 slabrlhsahin hor beam mmamly
d a
sod
Sods Bhum mou

ba cuuse

d m- ly ank slabdsahim
he tenshuchm lou-
du y asth (asn) Cam be used fo
donu fly at dabulralio
dahebalim
Cosi saac
Cost saad nm Argons
hol elmali
unta
onl whuk uatl
utilue hu pazolanti propealur 4 vnnlilions ampounds
d walu anncd ravms
Kim m du peeuu
he elpekeuly
elay fosl
on

Samdy amd selly sodi olufrunl m

Cembualivn hwrlh pazzolone matoa

mu m
&labelsed bq mela
a o enpomdhd hab h many pash
Suth asu y
Sueh as a

avalabu ar awasle produd hem t awnal p0 owod

asth
y u

pbmls. du l1vidol nolus lvulng for

a nely
Ctnmbus hen m d pulversed cool Dppaoxmaluly soZ
tseth
u alumuna fachea
Ths elunutal conmpostdunm 9 y erh
3muas h hyohouii boncia
u wwalis,
presenu
wil l u m

mprvemmml 80 Chasaiuuhit
evaluahen d
sulls 4 lang scal fuld tesh and laberatoy
meluabu hal large patnlages d
Bhernglh amd duabdly
be nsed eucunfally vm pazolond
Calumm Sulphal Com

Sub- b a t tousCs.
sablohn hasc

lme -ly as urth kaolrrh clay pamaku dd

velga hen on

tneocaed addchen
(198)) emducled evpoumnhf cenluetol hat
h sroichul
l5n kaoln& clay beyoned 107 by wergbl enotad
the opthmum wale Cmtní
mxtuuu tn Ju wrl sro d
oa nditab hal q ah pashei
sade
dovasol m hr dry
Muay b eloeliurally chagd 1 tolwna t Socl shutluw hus
 mechantal beluavi.out d lu muxlu
hial sperewun tesl 4 fy auh
ask godd
sod
3 ko eohu targ lahoraleoy &heng
l h nnusaueel
qeh
ouace)
Ctmpttssus
mendats Cuteng foo Telay
Ruus baibe
poocluud m
hlyemg (pouwdu
by 10o A elas c
y a
makes ed a good hydaaulai
(aals eemlammg 80 om, whu
bmder
mosl A mmrluu
h e salo dfunual fo comprt1v Shengh d
0.18 md 0. a5
behweem
euposleum y axh f tool Aufase malua
5
uelhu polenlial whch
maleutak dscanolucl fom cool poouung),
mIxluu eadhum
bne on mne amrplog aG7
ell k bevuefcal aolun mwd corlh
cment lmu » emtlhud a1phall
Sn cth as

dlahleahn
Toflurng hckas lou- hy ah
moml Selua (S:0,) Alomuna(M, 0,)
Yuanhly h e lome o ameo
3 mount d woto

4. (empekd okos
esence asborn he lly arh

lempes atus
mxlut

Keallo au dusedly pooposhenal o al the

br exlenl d pzolnnt
a othos exapl amoun wato a pmeene

Casten du y ah
Theanal Shbslustio
ay Bíahe laong h
e sevnll veak bt mprmd Socd cann

ealuelhnnal dahlsb
Socd al hgt, Tempaaliuu wtutle u
Ther hevneal healisesd tmetled
ia asful fo hlye n
enmakle
nrable
wmxtuu vay
elhuternls Soch hu dhs u lhod Cevmprescd
au meclee lnto fu tod uug
ho a u aud CormbuslbL
l6 femus oe
he amosphrare
amasphecr
iod al a poossecuu cuually
apesfosald 300e f (00 C.
The healng emmpauluu mmay vy em
p esscte

hu m hod i Less eronomeal me lboc leguund kigh ful Consumpbr

sod b hgh lemparaluu anay caut

pe eranent
dealong
dnsu plysual propesfus
Cherges
Kupox eomal 8abelaben

ovoease o beaung aparey

ecoease in
rako senstrvtly Compoessebrlely ? bocllng

3 Recluu lalual pasu

4 rnnde h colbpse poopeokei d sod