Operating Systems

This presentation introduces operating systems and their importance. Operating systems manage
computer resources, handle processes and memory, support file system and device management,
provide a user interface, and enforce security measures. It also covers different types of operating
systems, including single-user, single-tasking, single-user, multi-tasking, multi-user, and real-time
operating systems (RTOS).
Operating Systems
An operating system (OS) is a fundamental software that manages and operates computer hardware,
facilitating interaction between users and other devices. Operating systems serve as the backbone of
any computer system, as they manage basic resources and provide an environment for running
applications.
Importance of
Operating Systems
● Resource Management: Operating systems
allocate and manage computer resources such
as CPU time, memory, storage, and devices.
They ensure efficient utilization of hardware
components to optimize system performance.
● Process Management: OS handles multiple
processes and tasks concurrently, scheduling
them for execution and managing their
interactions. This allows users to run multiple
applications simultaneously without
interference.
● Memory Management: OS manages system
memory, allocating memory space to
processes as needed and ensuring efficient
memory utilization through techniques like
virtual memory.
● File System Management: Operating systems
provide file management services, organizing and
controlling access to files stored on disks. They
support file creation, deletion, and manipulation
operations.
● User Interface: OS provides a userfriendly interface
for interaction with the computer system, including
graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and command-line
interfaces (CLIs).
● Device Management: Operating systems control
communication with input/output (I/O) devices
such as keyboards, mice, printers, and network
adapters, ensuring proper data transfer and device
usage.
● Security and Protection: OS enforces security
measures to protect system resources and user
data, controlling access to files, networks, and
applications to prevent unauthorized use and
ensure data privacy.
 Types of Operating Systems
1-Single-User,
Single-Tasking: Supports
only one user and one task
at a time (e.g., MS-DOS).
01
4-Single-User,
Multi-Tasking: Allows a
single user to run multiple
applications
simultaneously (e.g.,
Microsoft Windows,
macOS).
2-Multi-User: Supports
02 multiple users accessing
the system concurrently
(e.g., Linux, Unix), providing
resource sharing and
security features for each
03 user.
3-Real-Time Operating
Systems (RTOS): Designed
for real-time applications
04 where tasks must be
completed within strict time
constraints (e.g., embedded
systems, industrial control
systems).
 Evolution and Advancements
in Operating Systems
● From batch processing to multi-tasking and
time-sharing.
● Introduction of graphical user interfaces (GUI) for
intuitive interaction.
● Support for client-server architectures and
networked environments.
● Development of specialized OS for mobile and
embedded devices.
● Advancements in virtualization enabling efficient
resource utilization.
● Emphasis on security and reliability with robust
features.
● Contribution of open-source OS for collaboration
and innovation.a
Operating Systems

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Laith H. Alzubaidi :‫اﻹﺷراف‬