Muscle Origin Insertion Function

Trapezius • External protuberance, • Lateral 1/3 of • Rotation of scapula.

medial 1/3 of superior clavicle, • When shoulder is
nuchal line acromion and fixed- draws head
• Ligamentum nuchae medial 1/3 of backwards and
• S.process of 7th spine of laterally
c.vertebrae, s.process of 1- scapula.
12th vertebrae
Latissimus • Spines of lower 6 thoratic • Bottom of • Extends, adducts and
dorsi vertebrae intertubercular medially rotates arm
• Spines of lumbar vertebrae sulcus of at the shoulder joint
• Crest of sacrum and ilium humerus
• Inferior 4 ribs
Pectoralis • Medial half of clavicle, • Greater • Adduction, flexion,
major sternum and 6 costal tubercle of medial rotation of arm
cartilages humerus • When arms are fixed,
draws the body
upwards
• Involved in pushing,
throwing and
shovelling
Pectoralis • 3-5th rib • Coracoid • Draws scapula
minor process of forward and
scapula downward.
• Elevates 3-5th rib
during inspiration.
Serratus • External surface of 8th or • Medial border • Holds scapula against
anterior 9th rib of scapula chest wall.
• Pulls scapula forward
in throwing and
pushing.
• When scapula is
fixed- helps enlarge
thoracic cavity during
inspiration.
1. What muscles’ actions are to flex shoulder joint?
• Pectoralis major
• Deltoid
• Coracobrachialis
• Biceps brachii

2. What muscles’ actions are to flex elbow joint?

• Biceps brachii
• Brachioradialis
• Brachialis

3. What muscles’ actions are to flex hip joint?

• Rectus femoris
• Iliopsoas ( iliacus and psoas)
• Pectineus
• Sartorius

4. What muscles’ actions are to flex knee joint?

• Sartorius
• Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus (hamstring)
• Gracilis

5. What muscles’ actions are to extend shoulder joint?

• Deltoid
• Latissimus dorsi
• Teres major

6. What muscles’ actions are to extend elbow joint?

• Triceps

7. What muscles’ actions are to extend hip joint?

• Gluteus maximus
• Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus (hamstring)

8. What muscles’ actions are to extend knee joint?

• Quadriceps femoris (vastus lateralis, vastus medius, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris)