2023-24

Learning Science

BCS-012
Solved Assignment
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 BCS-012 Solved Assignment 2023-2024 (July-January)

Course Code BCS-012

Course Title Basic Mathematics

Assignment Number BCA(I)012/Assignment/2023-24

Maximum Marks 100

Weightage 25%

.in
31st October, 2023 (For July Session)
Last Date of Submission
30 th April, 2024 (For January Session)

o
Note: This assignment has 16 questions of 80 marks (each question carries equal marks). Answer all the questions.

.c
Rest 20 marks are for viva voce. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme
Guide for the format of presentation.

ce
 3 1
Q1. If A    , Show that A  4 A  5I 2  O. Also, find A .
2 4

2 1 
en
Solution:

 3 1  3 1
ci
A2  A  A    
2 1  2 1 
 3  3  1 2 3  1  1 1
gs

 
 2  3  1 2 2  1  11
9  2 3  1

n


6  2 2  1
ni

7 4 
 
8 1
ar

 3 1 7 4 
2

A 
2
  
 2 1  8 1
le

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 3 1 12 4

4 A  4   
2 1   8 4 

1 0   5 0 
5  I2  5   
0 1  0 5 
Now, A2  4 A  5I 2

7 4  12 4  5 0 
   
8 1  8 4  0 5 
7  12  5 4  4  0  0 0 
    O22
 8  8  0 1  4  5  0 0 
 A2  4 A  5I 2  O  Hence proved 

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.in
We have, A2  4 A  5 I 2  O
 A2  4 A  5 I 2 ....... 1

o
Now, A4   A2 
2

.c
  4 A  5I 2 
2
 using eq.1

ce
 16 A2  2.4 A.5I 2  25I 2 2
 16  4 A  5 I 2   40 AI 2  25 I 2  I 2 2  I 2 
 AI 2  A
en
 64 A  80 I 2  40 A  25 I 2
 24 A  55 I 2
 3 1 1 0   72 24  55 0 
 24   55   
ci
 
2 1  0 1   48 24   0 55
72  55 24  0  17 24 
gs

  
 48  0 24  55   48 31
17 24 
 A4     Answer 
n

 48 31
ni

Q2. Find the sum of first all integers between 100 and 1000 which are divisible by 7.

Solution: The numbers between 100 and 1000 which are divisible by 7 are as following:
ar

105, 112, 119,…, 994 → This is an A.P.

1st term, a  105
le

common difference (d )  7
 994  105 
No. of terms, n    1
 7 
889
  1  127  1  128
7
 n  128
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 128 st
Now, Sn  S128  (1 term  last term)
2
128
 (105  994)
2
 64 1099
 70336
Answer: Thus, the required sum is 70336.

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Q3.

a) If pth term of an A.P is q and qth term of the A.P. is p, find its rth term.

o
b) Find the sum of all the integers between 100 and 1000 that are divisible by 9.

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Solution – (a):

Let the first term of the given A.P. be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.

ce
ATP, pth term = q

Therefore, a + (p – 1)d = q ………. (1)

en
ATP, qth term = p

Therefore, a + (q – 1)d = p ………. (2)

ci

Now, on subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we get

gs

[a + (p – 1)d] – [a + (q – 1)d] = q – p

or, a + (p – 1)d – a – (q – 1)d = q – p

n

or, (p – 1)d – (q – 1)d = q – p

ni

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ar

or, [(p – 1) – (q – 1)] d = q – p

or, (p – 1 – q + 1)d = q – p
le

or, (p – q)d = q – p

or, (p – q)d = –(p – q)

Therefore, d = – 1

Now, substituting the value of d = – 1 in the equation (1), we get

a + (p – 1)×(– 1) = q

or, a – p + 1 = q
Therefore, a = p + q – 1

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Now, the required rth term is given by

= a + (r – 1)d

Substituting the value of ‘a’ and ‘d’ , we get

= p + q – 1 + (r – 1) ×(– 1)

.in
=p+q–1–r+1

=p+q–r

o
Hence, the required rth term is (p + q – r) (Answer)

.c
Solution – (b):

ce
The numbers between 100 and 1000 which are divisible by 9 are as following:

108, 117, 126,…, 999 → This is an A.P.

1st term, a  108
en
common difference (d )  9
 999  108 
No. of terms, n    1
ci
 9 
891
  1  99  1  100
gs

9
 n  100
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n

100 st
Now, Sn  S100  (1 term  last term)
ni

2
100
 (108  999)
ar

2
 50 1107
 55350
le

Answer: Thus, the required sum is 55350.

Q4. If 1,  and  are cube roots of unity, show that (2 – ω) (2 – ω2) (2 – ω10) (2 – ω11) = 49
2

Solution:

We have, 1 + ω + ω2 = 0

Therefore, 1 + ω = –ω2 …….. (i)

1 + ω2 = –ω …….. (ii)

ω + ω2 = –1 ………. (iii)

Also, we have ω3 = 1 ……… (iv)

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Now, (2 – ω) (2 – ω2) (2 – ω10) (2 – ω11)

= (2 – ω) (2 – ω2) [2 – (ω3)3. ω] [2 – (ω3)3. ω2]

.in
= (2 – ω) (2 – ω2) [2 – (1)3. ω] [2 – (1)3. ω2] [using equation (iv)]

= (2 – ω) (2 – ω2) (2 – ω) (2 – ω2)

o
= (2 – ω)2 (2 – ω2)2

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ce
= [(2 – ω) (2 – ω2)]2 = (4 – 2ω2 – 2ω + ω3)2

= [4 – 2(ω + ω2) + ω3]2 = [4 – 2(–1) + 1]2 [using equation (iii) and equation (iv)]
en
= (4 + 2 + 1)2

= 49 (Hence proved)
ci
gs

Q5. If α, β are roots of x2 – 3ax + a2 = 0, find the value(s) of a if α2 + β2 = 7/4 .

Solution:
n

 ,  are roots of the equation x 2  3ax  a 2  0

ni

coefficient of x 3a
 Sum of roots,      2
  3a
coefficient of x 1
ar

constant a2
Product of roots,   2
  a2
coefficient of x 1
7
Now,  2   2 
le

4
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7
      2 
2

4
Substituting     3a and   a 2 , we get
7
  3a   2a 2 
2

4
 7
 9a 2  2a 2 
4
7
 7a 2 
4
1
 a2 
4
1 1
a   
4 2
1
Hence, the required a    Answer 

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2

o
 1 x  1 x  dy
Q6. If y  ln 
 1  x  1  x  , find dx .

.c
 

Solution:

1 x  1 x
1 x  1 x
ce
en
( 1  x  1  x )2
 [Rationalising the denominator]
( 1  x  1  x )( 1  x  1  x )
ci
( 1  x )2  2 1  x  1  x  ( 1  x )2

( 1  x )2  ( 1  x )2
gs

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1  x  2 1  x2  1  x

n

(1  x)  (1  x)


2  2 1  x2 2 1  1  x 
ni

2
1  1  x2
  
2x 2x x
ar

 1 x  1 x 
Now, y  ln  
 1 x  1 x 
le

 1  1  x2 
 ln  
 x 
 
Dirrentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy 1 d  1  1  x2 
   
dx 1  1  x 2 dx  x 

x

x

x
d
dx
  
d
1  1  x2  1  1  x2   x 
dx

2
1  1  x2 x
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x

d

1  x2   1  1  x2 
 2 1 x
x 2 dx

1  1  x2 x2

x

  2 x   1  1  x 2 

.in
 2 1 x
x 2

1  1  x2 x2
x2
 

o
 1  1  x2
 1 x
x 2


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1  1  x2 x2
x2  1  x2  1  1  x2  

ce

x
 1  x2
1  1  x2 x2
en
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1 x2  1  x2  1  x2
 
ci
1  1  x2 x 1  x2

1 1  1  x2 
gs

 
1  1  x2  x 1  x2

1

n

x 1  x2
ni

dy 1
   Answer 
dx x 1  x 2
ar

x
le

Q7. Evaluate : 2
5x  3 dx

Solution:

z2  3
Let, 5 x  3  z 2  x 
5
Differeatiating both sides, we get
5dx  2 zdz
2 zdz
 dx 
5
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I   x 2 5 x  3dx
2
 z2  3  2
    z  zdz
 5  5

z 2  z 2  3  dz
2

2

125

z 2  z 4  6 z 2  9  dz
2
 

.in
125

2
125   z 6  6 z 4  9 z 2  dz

o
2  6
  z dz  6  z 4 dz  9  z 2 dz 
125  

.c
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2  z7 6z5 9z3 

ce
   c
125  7 5 3 
1
Putting the value of z  5 x  3   5 x  3  2 , we get
en
 7 5

2   5 x  3 2 6  5 x  3 2 3
I   3  5 x  3 2   c  Answer 
125  7 5 
 
ci
gs

 
3
Q8. Use De-Moivre’s theorem to find 3 i .
n

Solution:
Let z  3  i  r  cos   i sin    r cos   ir sin  .........(1)
ni

On comparing both sides, we get

r cos   3 and r sin   1
ar

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le

2
Now, r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2   3  12
 r 2  cos 2   sin 2    3  1
 r 2  4  cos 2   sin 2   1
r 4
r  2
We have, r sin   1
 2sin   1 [ r  2]
1
 sin  
2
   1
 sin   sin 
 sin 6  sin 30  2 
6

 
6
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.in
Now, on substituting θ and r in equation (1), we get

  
z  3  i  2  cos  i sin  .........(2)

o
 6 6

.c
Applying De Moivre’s theorem, we have

 

ce
3
z3  3 i
3
    
  2  cos  i sin  
en
  6 6 
  3   3  
 23  cos    i sin   
  6   6 
ci

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gs

     
 8  cos    i sin   
 2  2 
     
n

 8  0  i 1  cos    0 and sin    1

 2 2 
ni

 8i

 
3
3 i  8i
ar

Answer: On applying De Moivre's theorem we got

le

Q9. Solve the equation x3 –13x2  15x  189  0 , Given that one of the roots exceeds the other by 2.

Solution:
Given, x3  13 x 2  15 x  189  0
 a  coefficient of x3  1
b  coefficient of x 2  13
c  coefficient of x 3  15
d  constant  189
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Let the roots be  ,   2,  .
b
Sum of roots  

.in
a

    2    
 13  13
1

o
 2    13  2  11
   11  2 ....... 1

.c
ce
d
Again, product of roots  
a
189
     2       189 .......  2 
en
1
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c
Sum of the product of roots taken at a time 
ci

a
15
     2     2          15
gs

1
     2     2   11  2   11  2     15  using eq.1
   2  11  2  22  4  11  2  15
2 2 2
n

 3 2  20  7  0
ni

 3 2  20  7  0
   7  3  1  0
ar

1
  7 or   
3
le

35
   3 or    using eq.1
3
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Out of these values,   7,   3 satisfy the equation (2)
    2     7   7  2    3  189
Hence the roots are 7, 7  2, 3 or 7,9, 3  Answer 
 2
Q10. Solve the inequality  5 and graph its solution
x 1

Solution:

2
Given, 5
x 1
  x  1 when x  1
x 1  
  x  1 when x  1

.in
Case 1: when x  1
2
5
x 1

o
x 1 1
 

.c
2 5
x 1 1 1 1
   
2 5 5 5

ce
5  x  1  2
 0
10
en
 5x  5  2  0
 5x  7  0
 5x  7
ci

7
x 
gs

5
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Case 2: when x  1
n

2
5
  x  1
ni

  x  1 1
 
ar

2 5
x 1 1
 
2 5
le

x 1 1 1 1
   
2 5 5 5
5  x  1  2
 0
10
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 5x  5  2  0
 5x  3  0
 5x  3
3
x 
5
3 7
Hence, the required solution  x  excluding x  1  Answer 
5 5
3   7
In interval notation, x   ,1  1,   Answer 
5   5

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Q11. Determine the values of x for which f (x) = x4 – 8x3 + 22x2 – 24x + 21 is increasing and for which it is
decreasing.

o
Solution:

.c
Given:

ce
f (x) = x4 – 8x3 + 22x2 – 24x + 21

Differentiating w.r.t. x, we have

en
f '(x) = 4x3 – 24x2 + 44x – 24
ci
= 4 (x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6)
gs

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= 4 (x – 1)(x2 – 5x + 6)
n

= 4 (x – 1)(x – 3)(x – 2)
ni

Finding Critical points:

ar

To get the critical points, we must have

f '(x) = 0
le

∴ 4 (x – 1)(x – 3)(x – 2) = 0

∴ x = 1, 2, 3

Therefore, the possible intervals are (−∞, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), and (3, ∞).

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Now, Checking the sign:

 Function (−∞, 1) (1, 2) (2, 3) (3, ∞)

(x – 1) – ve + ve + ve + ve

(x – 2) – ve – ve + ve + ve

(x – 3) – ve – ve – ve + ve

f '(x) = 4 (x – 1)(x – 3)(x – 2) – ve + ve – ve + ve

From the above table, we have

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f '(x) is +ve on the interval (1, 2) and (3, ∞)

Hence, f (x) is increasing on (1, 2) ⋃ (3, ∞) (Answer)

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Also, we have

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f '(x) is −ve on the interval (−∞, 1) and (2, 3)

Hence, f (x) is decreasing on (−∞, 1) ⋃ (2, 3) (Answer)

en
ci
Q12. Find the points of local maxima and local minima of f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 9x + 2014, x ∈ 𝐑.

Solution:
gs

Here, y  x 3  6 x 2  9 x  2014

  x  6 x 2  9 x  2014 
dy d 3
n


dx dx
ni

  x 3    6 x 2    9 x    2014 
d d d d
dx dx dx dx
ar

 3 x  12 x  9  0
2

 3 x 2  12 x  9
le

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dy
For stationary values, 0
dx
 3 x 2  12 x  9  0
 x2  4 x  3  0
 x 2  x  3x  3  0
 x  x  1  3  x  1  0
  x  1 x  3  0
 x  1 or x  3
The solution is x  1, x  3
 At x  1 and x  3 we get stationary values.
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d2y d
Now, 2
  3 x 2  12 x  9 
dx dx
  3 x 2   12 x    9 
d d d

.in
dx dx dx
 6 x  12  0
 6 x  12

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 d2y 
 2   6 1  12

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 dx  x 1
 6  negative 

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 At x  1 the function is maximum.
Hence, local maxima is x  1.  Answer 
en
 d2y 
 2   6  3  12
ci
 dx  x 3
 6  positive 
gs

 At x  3 the function is minimum.

Hence, local minima is x  3.  Answer 
n

Q13. Using integration, find length of the curve y = 3 – x from (−1, 4) to (3, 0).
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Solution:
ar

y=3−x

Differentiating w.r.t x, we have

le

dy
 1
dx

Therefore, the required length of the curve y = 3 − x is given by

 2
3  dy 
 1    dx
1
 dx 
 dy 
1   1 dx
3
  dx  1
2
1

3
 2 dx
1

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3
 2  dx
1

.in
 2  x 1
3

 2  3   1 

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 2  3  1

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 4 2 unit  Answer 

Q14. Show that the lines

x 5 y 7 z 3

4

5
and
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x 8 y  4 z 5

4
 intersect.
en
4 4 4

Solution:
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Let,

x 5 y 7 z 3
gs

L1 :  
4 4 5
x 8 y 4 z 5
L2 :  
4
n

4 4
ni

∴ The vactor equation of the above lines,

 

   
L1 : r  5iˆ  7 ˆj  3kˆ  t 4iˆ  4 ˆj  5kˆ  a1  tb1
ar

 

   
L2 : r  8iˆ  4 ˆj  5kˆ  s 4iˆ  4 ˆj  4kˆ  a2  sb2
le

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where,
 
a1  5iˆ  7 ˆj  3kˆ , b1  4iˆ  4 ˆj  5kˆ
 
a2  8iˆ  4 ˆj  5kˆ , b2  4iˆ  4 ˆj  4kˆ
 iˆ ˆj kˆ
 
Now, b1  b2  4 4 5
4 4 4

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  16  20  iˆ  16  20  ˆj   16  16  kˆ
 36iˆ  36 ˆj
 
 b1  b2   36    36   36 2 unit
2 2

 
   

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a2  a1  8iˆ  4 ˆj  5kˆ  5iˆ  7 ˆj  3kˆ  3iˆ  3 ˆj  2kˆ
   
    
Now, a2  a1  b1  b2  3iˆ  3 ˆj  2kˆ  36iˆ  36 ˆj 

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 3   36   3   36 

.c
0
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ce
By the formula of shortest distance between two lines. we have
   
a  
en
2  a1  b1  b2
D  
b1  b2
ci
0
  0 unit
36 2
gs

Since line L1 and L2 are separated by a distance equal to zero.

Thus, the given lines are intecting lines. (Hence proved)

n
ni

Q15. A tailor needs at lease 40 large buttons and 60 small buttons. In the market, buttions are available in two
ar

boxes or cards. A box contains 6 large and 2 small buttons and a card contains 2 large and 4 small buttons. If the
cost of a box is $3 and cost of a card is $2, find how many boxes and cards should be purchased so as to minimize
the expenditure.
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Solution: Let, ‘x’ number of boxes and ‘y’ number of cards be purchased so as to minimise the expenditure.

ATP, total expenditure, Z = 3x + 2y ….. (1)

The subject to constraints are

6x + 2y ≥ 40 ….. (1)

2x + 4y ≥ 60 ….. (2)
x ≥ 0 ….. (3)

y ≥ 0 ….. (4)

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1. To draw constraint 6x + 2y ≥ 40 →(1)

Treat it as 6x + 2y = 40

When x = 0 then y = ?

.in
⇒ 6(0) + 2y = 40

⇒ 2y = 40

o
⇒ y = 40/2 = 20

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When y = 0 then x =?

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⇒ 6x + 2(0) = 40

⇒ 6x = 40
en
⇒ x = 40/6 = 6.67

x 0 6.67
ci

y 20 0
gs

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Put x = 0, y = 0 (origin) in 6x + 2y ≥ 40, then 0 + 0 ≥ 40, which is false,
n

The half plane not containing the origin is the region of the solution set of the inequation 6x + 2y ≥ 40
ni

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ar

2. To draw constraint 2x + 4y ≥ 60 →(2)

le

Treat it as 2x + 4y = 60

When x=0 then y=?

⇒ 2(0) + 4y = 60

⇒ 4y = 60

⇒ y = 60/4 = 15
When y = 0 then x =?

⇒ 2x + 4(0) = 60

⇒ 2x = 60

⇒ x = 60/2 = 30
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x 0 30

.in
y 15 0

o
Put x = 0, y = 0 (origin) in 2x + 4y ≥ 60, then 0 + 0 ≥ 60, which is false,

.c
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ce
The half plane not containing the origin is the region of the solution set of the inequation 2x + 4y ≥ 60
en
ci
n gs
ni
ar
le

Finding the coordinates of Corner Points:

Corner Point A:

On solving equation (1) and (3), we get x = 0 and y = 20.

∴ The coordinate of point A is (0, 20)

Corner Point B:

On solving equation (1) and (2), we get x = 2 and y = 14.

∴ The coordinate of point B is (2, 14)

Corner Point C:

On solving equation (2) and (4), we get x = 30 and y = 0.

.in
∴ The coordinate of point C is (30, 0)

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o
The value of the objective function at each of these extreme points is as follows:

.c
Extreme Point
Objective function value
Coordinates

ce
z = 3x + 2y
(x, y)
A (0, 20) 3(0) + 2(20) = 40
B (2,14)
en
3(2) + 2(14) = 34
C (30, 0) 3(30) + 2(0) = 90
ci

The miniimum value of the objective function z = 34 occurs at the extreme point (2,14).
gs

Hence, the optimal solution to the given LP problem is : x = 2 nos, y = 14 and min z = $ 34.

 
Q16. Find the scalar component of projection of the vector a  2iˆ  3 ˆj  5kˆ on the vector b  2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ
n
ni

Solution:

 
ar

Projection of vector a on the vector b is given by-


 a .b
Projb a   2 b
le

 2iˆ  3 ˆj  5kˆ  .  2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ 

  2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ 
 
2
2   2    1
2 2 2

2  2  3   2   5   1
  2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ 
 9
2

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
9

7 ˆ

2i  2 ˆj  kˆ

14 14 ˆ 7 ˆ
  iˆ  j k
9 9 9
 14 14 ˆ 7 ˆ
 Projb a   iˆ  j k
9 9 9
 14 14 7 
Hence, the required scalar components are   , ,  . (Answer)
 9 9 9

o .in
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ci

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ar
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