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SWISS BUISNESS SCHOOL

Healthcare Management

Management Care Process

Sahira Jastaniyh

7th , Sep, 2022

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TABLE OF CONTENT :

1- Question One
- Part a
- Part b
2- Question Two
- Part a
3- Question Three
- Part a
- Part b
- Part c
4- Question Four
- SWOT Analysis
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Assignment
1. The fast pace by which technology is evolving creates a competitive challenge to health
care services providers, furthermore, the complexity of healthcare processes and the
autonomy of healthcare independent practitioners blended with the stringent need to
provide a patient centered care shapes the need to develop a careful, comprehensive, and
flexible healthcare planning mechanism to ensure a satisfactory healthcare system.
a. Identify these determinants as well as other factors that may play an influential
role in shaping an effective health care planning. Discuss the influences of these
determinants as well on the outcomes of healthcare care planning process.
Health services planning aims to address the health needs of a community or area by balancing
present resources and future demand. To provide best health care to a community or area. Health
care delivery is vital to managing a developing healthcare system. Innovative and all-
encompassing planning concepts, such as those made possible by technological improvements,
are needed for patient-centered care facilities to provide effective and high-quality care. Then
these institutions may reach their goals (Stockley, 1995). We need a systematic method to regulate
numerous features and their determinants to get an acceptable outcome from health care
planning. These factors affect the creation of more accessible, suitable, and effective healthcare
services.
 Cost-effective, high-quality health care for all people:
Universal health care insurance covers infectious disease prevention, therapeutic treatments,
recuperation, palliation, transportation systems, competent human resources, diagnostic
equipment, etc., without financial risk. This implies that social rank, geography, wealth, or
gender are not long-term impediments to therapy. Access may be increased by enhancing the
administration's healthcare policy, which involves providing inexpensive, high-quality treatment
and investing in education and public works in low-income communities (Stockley, 1995). The
company should fund primary healthcare providers to ensure access to medications and
healthcare technologies. Access to health management information systems is key to good
healthcare administration (Tepper et al., 2019). According to the WHO, electronic health records
include crucial components that advance healthcare systems in several ways: concern for
customers, qualified medical professionals, protected health data, availability of essential drugs,
financial aid, accountable leadership, and personal and genetic factors in health outcomes.
Hereditary traits that define a person's longevity, health status, and illness susceptibility affect
the quality of their healthcare. Personality and how someone manages everyday challenges effect
their health. This includes eating, drinking, and smoking behaviors. Each person's unique
qualities and genetic make-up must be considered. One research reveals that some groups value
biological or genetic traits more than others. Aging's neurobehavioral impacts make older
persons more prone to be sick than youth. These variables impact people's biological health,
according to the study's authors. Age, gender, HIV status, and inherited diseases including
sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis are considered. BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations double
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cervical cancer risk. Cardiovascular disease appears genetic. This may assist health care planners
identify the resources and activities required to expand.
 Socioeconomic Factors
One's health is strongly influenced by their socioeconomic status. In other words, it shows that
low-income individuals still have higher mortality rates than better-off people, even when health
insurance is widely accessible. The research found that reducing disparities was associated with a
rise in social cohesiveness and an improvement in population health, both of which benefited
efforts to create healthcare systems that were accessible to everyone. The primary goals of
traditional medical planning have been service management and delivery. On the other side,
population-based planning tries to address the concerns of the local populace while also
decreasing health inequalities.
 Lifestyle Factors
Another key factor that affects the outcomes of health care planning is the population's general
outlook on health and wellness (Stockley, 1995). Culture is a major predictor of health-related
behaviors since each lifestyle category is associated with a unique set of actions. A person's
"lifestyle" is their unique combination of values, norms, and practices that serve to distinguish
and define demographic groupings while also shaping the present and future of their health and
happiness. Tobacco and alcohol use, dietary preferences or restrictions, and the level of physical
activity practiced by an individual or community in relation to a canonical religious book are all
examples of lifestyle factors. Recent studies show that one's way of living is especially important
to maintaining health. The last several decades have brought about enormous changes in people's
daily lives (Tepper et al., 2019). The majority of people nowadays engage in risky behaviors such
as malnutrition, poor diet, smoking, drug addiction, stress, and many more. The modern world
has a major problem that threatens the physical and mental health of its citizens: the innovative
powers of information technologies like computers and virtual communications technology.
People's excessive and inappropriate use of technology is the root of the issue.
b. Propose strategies to address two challenges that you had identified in the course
of your synthesis.
Learn what influences your health and well-being so you can make positive changes. Health
indicators are crucial to attaining health equity and are at the center of any conversation about
implementing evidence-based policies, thus they must be accounted for before health care
management can begin. Multiple things affect health: According to current and new research,
these elements are crucial to people's health. Social, economic, and mental health concerns
intersect, making it difficult to concentrate on one. However, tackling each aspect or component
independently will have the largest effect. Putting creating and maintaining a working healthcare
system is a massive task (Tepper et al., 2019). Closing health disparities is complicated. With
patience and collaboration, it may be able to address the socioeconomic factors. Using "health in
all policies" to enhance democratic change and health. Preparing for health-care services
involves developing an environment, evaluating progress, and establishing governance
structures. A healthy community has several aspects that contribute to a business's success and
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development. To be healthy is to have access to leisure and culture, excellent living

circumstances, good healthcare, environmental protection, vital neighborhoods, an educated
electorate, effective time management, and high involvement in representative democracy.
Human, social, and environmental health are interconnected. An issue develops when a person or
community lacks adequate food, endures isolation, lives in bad housing, battles with drug
misuse, or lacks accessible access to public transit or medical services. The World Health
Organization determined that economic instability and social isolation are major health factors.
Education, income, and social circle are all health determinants in urban and suburban
environments where people live, work, and socialize. They include a person's degree of
education, financial standing, and social network. Social and financial interventions to improve
health should be well-funded. Reducing health inequities demands a change in society's power
distribution, and this can only be done by providing individuals with the least say in health
policy a voice in matters that important to them. Investing in health has a good influence on
poverty, economic development, support, and eliminating inequality through altering policy
alternatives with a focus on the whole society.
2. Health Pro is a regional professional enterprise that owns a chain of hospitals. As being a
central corporation supervising the overall operations, the company had formulated a
health care plan in response to a recent decline in its profits and operational efficiency.
The plan focused on addressing the rising number of complaints and sentinel events
resulting in a series of malpractice lawsuits. As a result of the scope of the formulated
plan, the corporate initially began to achieve improvements in patient safety while the
financial performance remained unchanged despite tremendous efforts to solve these
issues. However, the pattern of rising events of serious patient safety issues returned to
emerge in the course of the year.
a. Discuss the main focus of this plan (problem based or goal oriented) and critique
its efficiency.
Health Pro, a corporation that is concerned with mental health, has established a healthcare
strategy to address the twin dangers of shrinking profitability and sluggish performance. Health
Pro's healthcare strategy focuses on mental health (Schuette et al., 2017). The never-ending stream
of complaints that ultimately result in legal action is one of their most significant challenges. In
the end, the patient has shown consistent signs of recovery while following the extremely
aggressive treatment plan that was offered by the same company. In spite of the numerous
remedial actions that have been done, there does not seem to be much of an increase in
profitability, and there is indication that the beginning of a vicious cycle of deteriorating patient
safety concerns is taking place. According to a study of the data that was supplied, Health Pro's
strategy was a "real concern" method that put an emphasis on charges of misconduct and ran into
complications (Hand, 2019).
There's little indication that the firm's all-encompassing strategy contributed to its commercial
success. Strategy appeared flawed. The accomplishment of anything requires complete
awareness of complex reality. Standard procedure is to update draughts before releasing them to
the public for review. Resolving malpractice lawsuits may be costly and time-consuming. Legal
procedures may affect a person's time, money, and ability to communicate with others. Even
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though billions of dollars are paid out each year in medical malpractice settlements, no doctor
can avoid being sued. Specialists are identifying the best ways to incentivize doctors to provide
the right degree of care without being too cautious to enhance patient outcomes. Before that
happens, health care workers should take every precaution (Schuette et al., 2017). According to
the author, a well-functioning negligence framework should concentrate on avoiding fatalities
that might have been averted. In many cases, the cost of settling a disagreement via the courts is
too expensive. Thus, simpler techniques appear preferable. "Alternative arbitration" refers to any
way to resolve legal issues outside of court. This definition uses "alternative arbitration" broadly.
A health care plan that does not integrate all components may result in financial risk, putting
pressure on treatment facilities in light of underlying difficulties. Certain studies relate patient
safety issues to decreased hospital revenue and profitability. Increased hospital operational
profits are linked to worse patient outcomes. This conclusion shows that expensive expenditures,
including legal battles, should be coordinated and managed (Hand, 2019). According to research,
hospital administration lacks the funds to make large expenditures in patient safety, which
contributes to an overall safety concern. Lack of knowledge regarding hospital revenues and
patient safety. Profit-to-loss ratios decreased Financial considerations restrict a hospital's ability
to invest in patient safety breakthroughs. Managed care's influence on revenue and the rise in
uninsured patients may compel hospitals to cut staff. Reduced nurse staffing increases patient
danger, say researchers. A loss in income may mean a hospital cannot afford as many highly paid
experts or needless expenditures in obsolete IT and poor communication (Schuette et al., 2017). If
the hospital cannot sustain its patient load, this may happen. In the early 1980s, Medicare's
presumptive payment plan (PPS) imposed extra financial demands on recipients, leading to
greater mortality.
3. Referring to a recently published article (Koornneef, Robben & Blair, 2017) Between
2011 and 2015 healthcare spending in the UAE grew by 10% to US$ 11 billion, as a
result of this fact, this stressing strategy mandates the government’s commitment to
patient safety. While the published review serves as the basis of the scope of this query,
other literature sources are recommended to be sought to answer the following questions:
a. Describe in detail the health care system and population health in UAE
Healthcare expenditure is expected to grow most rapidly in the Middle East and Africa. From
2014 to 2018, the area might see an average yearly growth of around 9% as a result of expanding
population and attempts to increase access to physicians. Despite efforts from both the private
and public sectors, the region's healthcare infrastructure lags well behind that of industrialized
countries in terms of key indicators like the number of available beds, the number of doctors, and
the number of carers (Koornneef et al., 2017). There was an average of 1.9 beds per 1,000 people
in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in 2012, compared to a range of beds in countries
like Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and well over eight in Germany. The
average welfare expenditure in the GCC was expected to be 2.3% of GDP in 2013, lower than
the 7.6% in the UK and the 8.1% in the US. Aside from the government, the United Arab
Emirates' Due to a mismatch between supply and demand, the healthcare sector in the United
Arab Emirates has seen rapid expansion in recent years. The United Arab Emirates' 2021 Vision
calls for ongoing investment in the development of world-class healthcare infrastructure in an
effort to meet the rising needs and expectations of its citizens. The hospital systems in Abu
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Dhabi and Dubai in the United Arab Emirates are independently run, setting them apart from the
healthcare systems in other parts of the country. Authorities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
include the Ministry of Health, the Health Authority of Abu Dhabi (HAAD), the Dubai Health
Authority (DHA), and the Dubai Healthcare Center Free Zone (Koornneef et al., 2017).
Infrastructure, professional and nursing license, and regulatory frameworks all fall under the
purview of respective organizations. Treatment in the UAE is supported in part by the
government, namely the Ministry of Public Health. To promote medical advancement, the
United Arab Emirates has implemented a number of programmes. One use of information
transformation in UAE hospitals is telemedicine, the remote delivery of medical treatment
utilizing digital technology. The Abu Dhabi Ophthalmology Centre was founded via a
collaboration between Mubadala and Medgate, the biggest telemedicine provider in Switzerland.
Telephony helps ease the UAE's healthcare provider shortage in a number of ways, including by
expanding the availability of UAE doctors' services, reducing patients' out-of-pocket expenses,
and facilitating easier access to primary care and specialized treatment for more severe
conditions (Koornneef et al., 2017). There are several entry points for innovations into the UAE's
healthcare system. Besides having the support of the government and collaborating with major
corporations all over the world, such as Local Hospital, there have been many more successful
endeavors to forge linkages between the corporate and academic communities. For instance,
AccuVis, a medical research and product development enterprise supported by the Khalifa Fund,
and Abu Dhabi University created the first bioscience incubator initiative in the UAE in 2012.
The Ras Al Khaimah-based company Julphar is now a major player on the global market.
b. Discuss the Abu Dhabi health reform system in terms of its planning efficiency
and scope of focus. Is this reform program problem based or population
oriented?
The Emirate of Abu Dhabi wants to strengthen its healthcare. In order to reach this goal, the
healthcare system will be reformed, new funding sources will be found, and new laws will be
adopted. The reform's main tenets—mandatory health insurance, increased competition, and a
unified regulatory framework—have improved quality, expanded access, and kept prices down.
The reform plan focuses on legislation and standards that benefit locals and the diverse expat
culture. The government agency in charge sets prices and eligibility. Regulatory officials say
95% of the population is insured by one of three insurers. This high enrolment has not led to an
equal distribution of health care. As stated in the introduction, persons with basic health
insurance use medical services less and pay greater out-of-pocket expenditures. This may
suggest that this community is unused and limited. This population's age and demographics must
be considered. Expats are less likely to utilize health care services since they are more inclined to
flee the nation if they become ill (Koornneef et al., 2017). In the future, specialist resources and
more research will be required to make up for reduced basic plan use. Also, Emiratis continue to
seek medical care outside the UAE (Koornneef et al., 2018). The Medical Board approved
around 3,000 individuals for treatment overseas in 2010, up 13% from 2009. Deregulation and
the granting of large healthcare service contracts to Johns Hopkins Medical School and Johns
Hopkins John Marshall Hospital have also enhanced Abu Dhabi's health sector's
competitiveness. To outsource basic care to foreign corporations and build another quasi-market,
Abu Dhabi Health Manufacturing Company (SEHA) was created in 2007. SEHA monitors
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vendor efficiency using key performance parameters. The system incorporates monetary
penalties for poor performance. As indicated, the private sector expanded rapidly between 2009
and 2010, with approximately 90% of healthcare facilities managed by private enterprises.
Unfortunately, it's unclear if these developments have improved therapeutic quality due to a
paucity of patient care data (Koornneef et al., 2018).

c. Describe and evaluate the strategies that have been implemented as part of the
health system reform program in UAE?
If a patient does not cooperate with the programme, then the quality of the programme suffers,
and the tactics have to be implanted. Improved facilities help get the reforms off the ground since
they provide the tools needed. Support from the local community is essential, as the program's
goals cannot be achieved without it. As a result, it is crucial to have widespread public support
for the reform initiative. The UAE's usage of healthcare facilities and services has increased
thanks to the reform healthcare system's implementation tactics, which have also improved
health and health quality while reducing healthcare costs.
 Effectiveness in Treating Patients—The health care system in the emirate has advanced
greatly in recent years. Infant mortality decreased from twenty-two per thousand live
births in 1990 to 7 per thousand live births in 2011; HAAD also reports that the number
of hospital beds increased by 21% between 2009 and 2013. However, progress toward
better healthcare must be made by expanding upon current successes (Koornneef et al.,
2018).
 The Quality of Care Provided to Patients & Their Experiences –Clinics and hospitals
were included to HAAD's Jawda quality control effort in September 2014. The guideline,
the first of its type in the area, is named after the Arabic word for "quality," and it
mandates that every hospital in the emirate be evaluated using an increasing set of quality
measures. Each of these domains—safety, efficacy, timeliness, and patient-centricity—
has its own set of quality outcome indicators (Koornneef et al., 2018). The first goals are to
set a standard, increase the prevalence of a culture of safety and quality measurement,
and draw attention to specific areas in hospitals that need rapid improvement.
 HAAD also places a high value on emergency preparation, including initiatives aimed at
making the healthcare system more resilient in the face of disasters and pandemics. To
better prepare the industry for such occurrences, HAAD will collaborate with key
stakeholders to upgrade the information and communication infrastructure and create the
regulations needed to regulate the reaction (Koornneef et al., 2018). As a result of the
significance of emergency planning and response to the health care industry, HAAD has
included it as a principal component of its mid-term health care strategy for 2016–2020.
Consistent with this trend, the emirate's ambulance services are rapidly growing.
 Other strategies include Continuum Of Care, Specialist Treatment Provision and
Rehabilitation Focus.
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4. Dubai Health Authority had established a mission “Towards a healthier and happier
community.” While aiming to achieve this, conduct a SWOT analysis for the healthcare
sector in Dubai. Propose strategies to overcome the identified threats and weakness key
points. Support and cite for each element of SWOT analysis, when possible, with
supportive evidence from suitable sources in the literature.
Strategic planning in the nursing industry calls for an honest evaluation of the situation. At least
twice a year, a company should do a SWOT analysis to identify the main internal and external
challenges it faces. In addition to identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats,
the SWOT analysis is crucial for reinvigorating tired plans and retooling ineffective techniques.
The healthcare industry in Dubai has been analyzed using a SWOT framework, which includes
the identification of strengths and weaknesses and the identification of opportunities and threats.
SWOT Analysis & Recommendations
The standard of care provided by Dubai's hospitals and other medical institutions, many of which
are at the forefront of medical technology and innovation, is among the highest in the world. As
a consequence of this, Dubai's health sector strengths stem from increased government
investment as well as medical tourism, both of which are anticipated to rise by 70 % by the year
2023 ("DHA", 2022). The inability to integrate information and services, changes in payment
habits, and the use of unreliable medical equipment are all factors that contribute to the
shortcomings of Dubai's healthcare system. There have been some positive advances in Dubai's
healthcare business recently, including international investments, increased research into the
production of pharmaceuticals, and comprehensive health insurance. The sector is under
competition from new entrants such as health care corporations as well as competition from
overseas competitors. One option for addressing the issue of information and service integration
is to organize training and educational programmes for nurses on the most recent technological
developments within the healthcare business ("DHA", 2022). Dubai's health officials should
educate the public and give easy payment methods in order to assist the city's residents in coping
with the unknowns that come along with the financial burden of medical expenses. It is advised
that the problem of safeguarding medical equipment be solved by using the services of
information technology specialists to deal with data breaches. This would provide an additional
layer of protection for the privacy of patients. One strategy for mitigating the impact of new
entrants on the quality of services provided by private medical facilities is to pass legislation
designed to govern and monitor the status of operations conducted by private businesses. These
businesses have the potential to lower prices while simultaneously lowering standards ("DHA",
2022). In order to deal with the increasing competition from neighboring countries in the
international healthcare sector, the Dubai Health Authority may decide to use a strategy known
as "competitive landscaping."
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References
DHA. Dubai Health Authority. (2022). Retrieved 22 August 2022, from
https://www.dha.gov.ae/en/pages/dhahome.aspx.

Hand, G. (2019). A Scoping Review of Positive Lifestyle and Wellness Interventions to Inform the
Development of a Comprehensive Health Promotion Program: “HealthPro.” A Commentary
to Schuette and Colleagues (2018). American Journal Of Lifestyle Medicine, 13(4), 351-353.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827619840637

Koornneef, E., Robben, P., & Blair, I. (2017). Progress and outcomes of health systems reform in the
United Arab Emirates: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2597-1

Koornneef, E., Robben, P., & Oude Wesselink, S. (2018). A cross-sectional study into medical
students’ perceptions of healthcare regulation and self-reported compliance: a study
conducted in the City of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, 2016. BMC Medical Education, 18(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1393-x

Schuette, S., Cordero, E., Slosburg, K., Addington, E., & Victorson, D. (2017). A Scoping Review of
Positive Lifestyle and Wellness Interventions to Inform the Development of a Comprehensive
Health Promotion Program: “HealthPro.” American Journal Of Lifestyle Medicine, 13(4), 336-
346. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827617704825

Stockley, A. (1995). Planning and management tools to help with provision of effective health
care. International Journal Of Health Care Quality Assurance, 8(5), 24-29.
https://doi.org/10.1108/09526869510091009

Tepper, M., Taneja, E., & King, K. (2019). Planning together: Patient-centered care planning to
improve health outcomes. Healthcare, 7(4), 100352.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjdsi.2018.12.006