The NeuroICU Book 2nd Edition Kiwon

Lee
Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebookmass.com/product/the-neuroicu-book-2nd-edition-kiwon-lee/
 THE
NeuroICU BOOK

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 1 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience
broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required.
The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to
be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in
accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of
the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors
nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or
publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every
respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or
omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this
work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with
other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product
information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to
be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes
have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for
administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection
with new or infrequently used drugs.

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 2 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 THE
NeuroICU BOOK
Second Edition

Editor

Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

Vice Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery for Critical Care
Associate Professor, Neurosurgery and Neurology
Chief, Division of Neurocritical Care
Director, Neuroscience and Neurotrauma ICU
The University of Texas Medical School at Houston
Mischer Neuroscience Institute
Memorial Hermann—Texas Medical Center
Houston, Texas

New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid

Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 3 5/15/17 8:01 PM

Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the
United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed
in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 978-0-07-184141-2

MHID: 0-07-184141-5.

The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-184144-3,
MHID: 0-07-184144-X.

eBook conversion by codeMantra

Version 1.0

All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after
every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit
of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations
appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.

McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and
sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit
the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com.

TERMS OF USE

This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to
the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of
1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble,
reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, dis-
seminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s
prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use
of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply
with these terms.

THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS
MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR
COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUD-
ING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPER-
LINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill Education and its licen-
sors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements
or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licen-
sors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in
the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for
the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-
Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequen-
tial or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has
been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim
or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
 With love, this book is again dedicated to my father, Duckhee Lee, who has shown
me diligence and love; to my mother, Younghee Lee, who has taught me how to
become a leader with legacy; to my one and only sister, Katelyn Jongmee Lee;
to my dearest daughters, Sophia Koen Lee and Estelle Charin Lee, who constantly
bring me happiness even when I am under stress; and to my lovely wife,
Kyongsook Lee, without whose support I certainly would not be at where
I am today. I am also grateful to all my colleagues, trainees,
and medical students as we continue our journey as a team of healers
and teachers for our patients and their families.
Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 5 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 This page intentionally left blank

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 6 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 Contents

Contributors xiii

Foreword xxv

Preface xxvii

Acknowledgments xxix

Section 1 Neurocritical Care Diseases................................................................ 1

Section Editor: Neeraj Badjatia, MD, MSc, FCCM

1.  Subarachnoid Hemorrhage........................................................................................... 1
Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

2.  Intracerebral Hemorrhage........................................................................................... 36
Fred Rincon, MD, MSc, FACP, FCCP, FCCM and Stephan A. Mayer, MD, FCCM

3.  Status Epilepticus............................................................................................................ 52
David Roh, MD, and Jan Claassen, MD, PhD, FNCS

4.  Neurotrauma.................................................................................................................... 80
Wan-Tsu W. Chang, MD, and Neeraj Badjatia, MD, MSc, FCCM

5.  Acute Ischemic Stroke................................................................................................... 93

Joshua Z.Willey, MD, MS

6.  Neuromuscular Diseases.............................................................................................125
Jennifer Frontera, MD, and Ivan Rocha Ferreira da Silva, MD

7.  Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity.................................................................147

Sophie Samuel, PharmD, BCPS, H. Alex Choi, MD, and
Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

8.  CNS Infection...................................................................................................................155
Syed Omar Shah, MD, MBA, and Fred Rincon, MD, MSc, FACP, FCCP, FCCM

9.  ICU Management of Brain Tumors...........................................................................174

Simon Hanft, MD, and Michael B. Sisti, MD, FACS

10.  Inflammatory and Demyelinating CNS Diseases................................................203

H. Alex Choi, MD, Sang-Bae Ko, MD, PhD, Mubashir Pervez, MD,
Robert J. Brown, MD, and Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

vii

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 7 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 viii Contents

11.  Cardiac Arrest and Anoxic Brain Injury...................................................................214

Tiffany Chang, MD, Rishi Malhotra, MD, and
Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

12.  Fulminant Hepatic Failure...........................................................................................230

H. Alex Choi, MD, Sang-Beom Jeon, MD, PhD, and
Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

13.  Encephalopathy and Delirium..................................................................................239

Nancy J. Edwards, MD, and Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

Section 2 Neurocritical Care Monitoring.................................................. 249

Section Editor: Jan Claassen, MD, PhD, FNCS

14.  Management of Increased Intracranial Pressure................................................249

Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM, and Stephan A. Mayer, MD, FCCM

15.  Continuous Electroencephalogram Monitoring in the ICU............................262

Emily J. Gilmore, MD, and Jan Claassen, MD, PhD, FNCS

16.  Multimodality Neuromonitoring..............................................................................289

Raimund Helbok, MD, Pedro Kurtz, MD, PhD, and Jan Claassen, MD, PhD, FNCS

17.  Advanced Hemodynamic Monitoring....................................................................325

Pedro Kurtz, MD, PhD, and Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

18.  Evoked Potentials in the Operating Room and ICU...........................................338

Errol Gordon, MD, and Jan Claassen, MD, PhD, FNCS

19.  Neurophysiologic Decision Support Systems.....................................................351

Michael J. Schmidt, PhD, MSc, and Soojin Park, MD, FAHA

20.  Sedation ............................................................................................................................361

Amy L. Dzierba, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP, FCCM,
Vivek K. Moitra, MD, and Robert N. Sladen, MBChB, MRCP, FRCP

21.  Fever and Temperature Modulation........................................................................378

Aashish Anand, MD, Joseph Haymore, CRNP, and
Neeraj Badjatia, MD, MSc, FCCM

Section 3 Neurosurgery..........................................................................................................397
Section Editors: E. Sander Connolly, Jr., MD, FACS, and Arthur L. Day, MD

22. External Ventricular Drain Management and

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts......................................................................................397
Nikita G. Alexiades, MD, Jason A. Ellis, MD, and E. Sander Connolly, Jr., MD, FACS

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 8 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 Contents ix

23.  Endovascular Surgical Neuroradiology..................................................................416

Blake E. S. Taylor, MD, Nathan Manning, MBBS, FRANZCR, and
Philip M. Meyers, MD, FACR, FSIR, FAHA

24.  Brain Aneurysm, AVM, and Bypass Surgery..........................................................460

Jason A. Ellis, MD, and E. Sander Connolly, Jr., MD, FACS

25.  Carotid Endarterectomy and Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass......................473

Jason A. Ellis, MD, and E. Sander Connolly, Jr., MD, FACS

26.  Postcraniotomy Complication Management............................................................ 482

Blake E. S. Taylor, MD, Christopher P. Kellner, MD, and
E. Sander Connolly, Jr., MD, FACS

27.  Spine Trauma...................................................................................................................505

Ryan Kitagawa, MD, and Daniel H. Kim, MD, FACS, FAANS

28.  Pediatric Neurosurgery................................................................................................520

Stephen L. Katzen, MD, Stephen A. Fletcher, DO, Manish N. Shah, MD, and
David I. Sandberg, MD, FAANS, FACS, FAAP

Section 4 Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care................................547

Section Editors: Joseph S. Meltzer, MD, and Vivek K. Moitra, MD

29. Thoracic Trauma and Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit Management........547

Steven Miller, MD, and Vivek K. Moitra, MD

30.  Abdominal Trauma........................................................................................................560

Brian Woods, MD

31.  Traumatic Vascular Injuries.........................................................................................575

John Rollo, MD, and Joseph S. Meltzer, MD

32.  Abdominal Emergencies.............................................................................................586

Carlee Clark, MD

33.  Genitourinary Emergencies........................................................................................609

Francis Macchio, MD

34.  Critical Care Ultrasound...............................................................................................622

Oliver Panzer, MD, and Wolf Benjamin Kratzert, MD

Section 5 Cardiovascular Section..........................................................................645

Section Editor: Umesh K. Gidwani, MD, MS, FCCP, FCCM, FACC

35.  Acute Coronary Syndrome.........................................................................................645

Umesh K. Gidwani, MD, MS, FCCP, FCCM, FACC

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 9 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 x Contents

36.  Rhythm Disturbances in Critically Ill Patients......................................................660

Anurag Singh, MD, Umesh K. Gidwani, MD, MS, FCCP, FCCM, FACC,
and Vivek Reddy, MD

37.  Acute Decompensated Heart Failure......................................................................680

Ruwanthi Titano, MD, Raymond Bietry, MD, and Sean Pinney, MD

38.  Cardiogenic Shock and Intraaortic Balloon Pump.............................................696

Samit K. Shah, MD, Radha Gopalan, MD, and Umesh K. Gidwani,
MD, MS, FCCP, FCCM, FACC

39.  Management of Cardiopulmonary Devices at the End of Life......................709

Raman Sharma, MD, Neha Dangayach, MD, and Umesh K. Gidwani,
MD, MS, FCCP, FCCM, FACC

40.  The Role of ECMO in Cardiopulmonary Failure in Adults................................722

Darryl Abrams, MD, and Daniel Brodie, MD

Section 6 Pulmonary Diseases....................................................................................739

Section Editor: David B. Seder, MD, FCCP, FCCM, FNCS

41.  The Neurocritical Care Airway...................................................................................739

Avinash B. Kumar, MD, FCCM, FCCP, and
David B. Seder, MD, FCCP, FCCM, FNCS

42.  Mechanical Ventilation.................................................................................................757

Brian M. Fuller, MD, MSCI

43.  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome....................................................................786

Luciana Mascia, MD, PhD, Anna Teresa Mazzeo, MD, Federico Bilotta, MD,
and Vito Fanelli, MD, PhD

44.  Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism.............................................799

Geno J. Merli, MD, MACP, FHM, FSVM, Photi Galanis, MD, Geoffrey O. Ouma, DO,
MS, Luis Eraso, MD, and Lynda Thomson, PharmD, CACP

45.  Percutaneous Tracheostomy......................................................................................814

Akshu Balwan, MBChB, and David B. Seder, MD, FCCP, FCCM, FCNS

46.  Bronchoscopy in the NeuroICU.................................................................................826

Akshu Balwan, MBChB, and David B. Seder, MD, FCCP, FCCM, FNCS

Section 7 Renal and Electrolyte Disorders.............................................841

Section Editor: Lawrence S. Weisberg, MD

47.  Acute Kidney Injury.......................................................................................................841

Jean-Sebastien Rachoin, MD, and Lawrence S. Weisberg, MD

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 10 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 Contents xi

48.  Renal Replacement Therapies...................................................................................857

Andrew Davenport, MD

49 Disorders of Water Homeostasis: Hypo- and Hypernatremia........................869

Lawrence S. Weisberg, MD

50.  Management of Systemic Blood Pressure in the NeuroICU...........................889

Samia Mian, MD, Thilagavathi Venkatachalam, MD, and
Christopher B. McFadden, MD

Section 8 Hematology...............................................................................................................901
Section Editor: Louis M. Aledort, MD, MACP

51.  Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation..............................................................901

Caroline Cromwell, MD, and Louis M. Aledort, MD, MACP

52.  Bleeding Disorders and Coagulopathy Reversal................................................906

Caroline Cromwell, MD, and Louis M. Aledort, MD, MACP

Section 9 Infectious Disease...........................................................................................919

Section Editor: Fred Rincon, MD, MSc, FACP, FCCP, FCCM

53.  Sepsis and Septic Shock..............................................................................................919

Daniel De Backer, MD, and Fabio Silvio Taccone, MD

54.  Antimicrobial Therapies in the ICU..........................................................................935

Glenn Oettinger, PharmD, BCPS, and Luyi Kathy Zhang, MD

55.  Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections.............................................................952

Jacqueline S. Urtecho, MD, and Deena M. Athas, MD

56.  Common Infections in the ICU..................................................................................960

Miranda Tan, MD, and David Oxman, MD

Section 10    Nutrition and Endocrinology..................................................975

Section Editor: Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

57.  Nutrition and Metabolic Support.............................................................................975

Dong Wook Kim, MD, and David S. Seres, MD

58.  Endocrine Disorders in Critical Illness.....................................................................988

Nancy J. Edwards, MD, and Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 11 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 xii Contents

Section 11    Ethics and End-of-Life Issues....................................................993

Section Editor: Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

59.  Brain Death and Organ Donation............................................................................993

Jeremy T. Ragland, MD, Guillermo Linares, MD, Mireia Anglada, MD, and
Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

Index 1011

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 12 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 Contributors

Darryl Abrams, MD Deena M. Athas, MD

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Clinical Assistant Professor
Critical Care Thomas Jefferson University
Columbia University College of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Physicians and Surgeons Chapter 55
New York, New York
Chapter 40 Neeraj Badjatia, MD, MSc, FCCM
Chief, Neurocritical Care
Louis M. Aledort, MD, MACP Associate Professor of Neurology,
The Mary Weinfeld Professor of Neurosurgery, and Anesthesiology
Clinical Research in Hemophilia University of Maryland School of
Division of Hematology and Medical Medicine
Oncology Baltimore, Maryland
Department of Medicine Chapters 4, 21
The Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, New York Akshu Balwan, MBChB
Chapters 51, 52 Departments of Medicine and Critical
Care Services
Nikita G. Alexiades, MD Maine Medical Center
Department of Neurological Surgery Portland, Maine
Columbia University Medical Center Chapters 45, 46
New York, New York
Chapter 22 Raymond Bietry, MD
The Mount Sinai Hospital
Aashish Anand, MD New York, New York
University of Maryland Medical Chapter 37
Center
Baltimore, Maryland Federico Bilotta, MD
Chapter 21 Assistant Professor, Dipartimento di
Anestesiologia e Rianimazione
Mireia Anglada, MD Università di Torino
Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital Ospedale S. Giovanni Battista
Intensive Care Unit Torino, Italy
Barcelona, Spain Chapter 43
Chapter 59

xiii

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 13 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 xiv Contributors

Daniel Brodie, MD H. Alex Choi, MD

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Assistant Professor, Department of
Critical Care Neurology
Columbia University College of Assistant Professor, Department of
Physicians and Surgeons Neurosurgery
New York, New York The University of Texas Health
Chapter 40 Sciences Center at Houston
McGovern Medical School
Robert J. Brown, MD Houston, Texas
Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery Chapters 7, 10, 12
and Neurology
The University of Texas Medical Jan Claassen, MD, PhD, FNCS
School at Houston Associate Professor of Neurology
Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Head of Neurocritical Care
Center and Medical Director of the
The Mischer Neuroscience Institute Neurological Intensive Care Unit
Houston, Texas Columbia University College of
Chapter 10 Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York
Tiffany Chang, MD Chapters 3, 15, 16, 18
Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery
and Neurology Carlee Clark, MD
The University of Texas Medical Associate Professor
School at Houston Department of Anesthesia and
Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Perioperative Medicine
Center Medical University of South Carolina
The Mischer Neuroscience Institute Charleston, South Carolina
Houston, Texas Chapter 32
Chapter 11
E. Sander Connolly, Jr., MD, FACS
Bennett M Stein Professor of
Wan-Tsu W. Chang, MD
Neurological Surgery
Assistant Professor of Emergency
Vice Chairman of Neurosurgery
Medicine
Director, Cerebrovascular Research
University of Maryland School of
Laboratory
Medicine
Surgical Director, Neuro-Intensive
Baltimore, Maryland
Care Unit
Chapter 4
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Chapters 22, 24, 25, 26

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 14 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 Contributors xv

Caroline Cromwell, MD Amy L. Dzierba, PharmD, BCPS,

Assistant Professor of Medicine BCCCP, FCCM
Division of Hematology and Medical Clinical Pharmacist, Medical Intensive
Oncology Care Unit
Department of Medicine Department of Pharmacy
The Mount Sinai School of Medicine NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia
New York, New York Medical Center
Chapters 51, 52 New York, New York
Chapter 20
Neha Dangayach, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology and Nancy J. Edwards, MD
Neurosurgery Neurocritical Care
Mount Sinai Medical Center and Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery
Icahn School of Medicine at and Neurology
Mount Sinai The University of Texas Medical
New York, New York School at Houston
Chapter 39 Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical
Center
Ivan Rocha Ferreira da Silva, MD The Mischer Neuroscience Institute
Cerebrovascular Center Houston, Texas
Neurological Institute, Cleveland Chapters 13, 58
Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio Jason A. Ellis, MD
Chapter 6 Department of Neurological Surgery
Columbia University Medical Center
Andrew Davenport, MD New York, New York
University College London Center Chapters 22, 24, 25
for Nephrology
Royal Free Hospital Vito Fanelli, MD, PhD
London, England Assistant Professor, Dipartimento di
Chapter 48 Anestesiologia e Rianimazione
Università di Torino
Daniel De Backer, MD Ospedale S. Giovanni Battista
Department of Intensive Care Torino, Italy
Centre Hospitalier Interrégional Edith Chapter 43
Cavelle (CHIEC) Hospitals
Université libre de Bruxelles Stephen A. Fletcher, DO
Brussels, Belgium Associate Professor, Division of
Chapter 53 Pediatric Neurosurgery
University of Texas Health Sciences
Center at Houston
Houston, Texas
Chapter 28

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 15 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 xvi Contributors
Jennifer Frontera, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
(Neurology)
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College
of Medicine
Staff, Cerebrovascular Center
Neurological Institute, Cleveland
Clinic
Staff, Department of Cellular and
Molecular Medicine
Cleveland, Ohio
Chapter 6
Brian M. Fuller, MD, MSCI
Assistant Professor, Emergency
Medicine
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology–
Critical Care
Washington University School of
Medicine in St. Louis
St. Louis, Missouri
Chapter 42
Photi Galanis, MD
Thomas Jefferson University
Department of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 44
Umesh K. Gidwani, MD, MS, FCCP,
FCCM, FACC
Associate Professor, Cardiology,
Pulmonary, Critical Care and
Sleep Medicine
Chief, Cardiac Critical Care
Zena and Michael A. Wiener
Cardiovascular Institute
Director, Cardiac ICU
Institute of Critical Care Medicine
Mount Sinai Hospital
New York, New York
Chapters 35, 36, 38, 39
Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 16
Emily J. Gilmore, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Staff Neurointensivist, Neuroscience
Intensive Care Unit
Division of Neurocritical Care and
Emergency Neurology
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Chapter 15
Radha Gopalan, MD
Associate Professor, Medicine and
Cardiology
The Mount Sinai Hospital
New York, New York
Chapter 38
Errol Gordon, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery
and Neurology
The Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Division of Neuro-Critical Care
Mount Sinai Hospital
New York, New York
Chapter 18
Simon Hanft, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson
Medical School
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Chapter 9
Joseph Haymore, CRNP
Nurse Practitioner
Washington Adventist Hospital
Takoma Park, Maryand
Senior Nurse Practitioner
University of Maryland Medical
Center
Baltimore, Maryland
Chapter 21
5/15/17 8:01 PM

Raimund Helbok, MD
Department of Neurology,
Neurocritical Care Unit
Medical University of Innsbruck
Innsbruck, Austria
Chapter 16
Sang-Beom Jeon, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Neurology
Ulsan University College of Medicine
Asan Medical Center
Seoul, Korea
Chapter 12
Stephen L. Katzen, MD
Associate Professor, Division of
Pediatric Neurosurgery
University of Texas Health Sciences
Center at Houston
Houston, Texas
Chapter 28
Christopher P. Kellner, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery
Department of Neurosurgery
Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai
New York, New York
Chapter 26
Daniel H. Kim, MD, FACS, FAANS
Professor of the Vivian L. Smith
Department of Neurosurgery
Director of Reconstructive Spinal and
Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Nancy, Clive and Pierce Runnells
Distinguished Chair in Neuroscience
University of Texas McGovern Medical
School
Houston, Texas
Chapter 27
Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 17
Contributors xvii
Dong Wook Kim, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston Medical Center
Boston , Massachusetts
Chapter 57
Ryan Kitagawa, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of
Neurosurgery
The University of Texas Health
Sciences Center at Houston
McGovern Medical School
Houston, Texas
Chapter 27
Sang-Bae Ko, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Seoul National University Hospital
Seoul, Korea
Chapter 10
Wolf Benjamin Kratzert, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center
Santa Monica, California
Chapter 34
Avinash B. Kumar, MD, FCCM, FCCP
Director, Neurosciences Intensive
Care Unit
Associate Professor, Anesthesiology
and Critical Care
Associate Professor, Neurology
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee
Chapter 41
5/15/17 8:01 PM
 xviii Contributors
Pedro Kurtz, MD, PhD
Department of Intensive Care Medicine
Hospital Copa Star
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Department of Intensive Care Medicine
Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Chapters 16, 17
Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM
Vice Chairman, Department of
Neurosurgery for Critical Care
Associate Professor, Neurosurgery and
Neurology
Chief, Division of Critical Care
Director, Neuroscience and
Neurotrauma ICU
Director, Neuroscience Intermediate
ICU
Director, Neuroscience Program West
Medical System
The University of Texas Medical
School at Houston
Mischer Neuroscience Institute
Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical
Center
Houston, Texas
Chapters 1, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 58,
59
Guillermo Linares, MD
Assistant Professor, Neurology,
Neurosurgery, Radiology
Director, Neuro-Interventional Services
Temple University Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 59
Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 18
Francis J. Macchio, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
Hofstra-Northwell School of
Medicine
Hempstead, New York
Chapter 33
Rishi Malhotra, MD
Assistant Professor of The Saul R.
Korey Department of Neurology
Medicine (Critical Care) and
Neurological Surgery
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Montefiore Medical Center
Bronx, New York
Chapter 11
Nathan Manning, MBBS, FRANZCR
Florey Institute of Neuroscience
Melbourne, Australia
Chapter 23
Luciana Mascia, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Dipartimento di
Anestesiologia e Rianimazione
Università di Torino
Ospedale S. Giovanni Battista
Torino, Italy
Chapter 43
Stephan A. Mayer, MD, FCCM
Director, Neurological Intensive
Care Unit
Columbia University Medical Center
Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery
Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York
Chapters 2, 14
5/15/17 8:01 PM

Anna Teresa Mazzeo, MD
Associate Professor, Dipartimento di
Anestesiologia e Rianimazione
Università di Torino
Ospedale S. Giovanni Battista
Torino, Italy
Chapter 43
Christopher B. McFadden, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Cooper Medical School of Rowan
University
Division of Nephrology
Cooper University Health Care
Camden, New Jersey
Chapter 50
Joseph S. Meltzer, MD
Clinical Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
Director, Cardiothoracic Intensive
Care Unit
David Geffen Medical School
Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical
Center
Los Angeles, California
Chapter 31
Geno Merli, MD, MACP, FHM,
FSVM
Professor of Medicine and Surgery
Co-Director, Jefferson Vascular
Center
Sidney Kimmel Medical College
Thomas Jefferson University
Hospitals
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 44
Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 19
Contributors xix
Philip M. Meyers, MD, FACR, FSIR,
FAHA
Professor of Radiology and
Neurological Surgery
Director, Neuroendovascular Services
Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons
New York-Presbyterian/Columbia
University Medical Center
New York, New York
Chapter 23
Samia Mian, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Cooper Medical School of Rowan
University
Division of Nephrology
Cooper University Health Care
Camden, New Jersey
Chapter 50
Steven Miller, MD
Assistant Professor at CUMC
Department of Anesthesiology
Columbia University Medical Center
NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, New York
Chapter 29
Vivek K. Moitra, MD
Allen I. Hyman Associate Professor
of Critical Care Anesthesiology at
CUMC
Chief, Division of Critical Care Medicine
Medical Director, CTICU and SICU
Program Director, Critical Care
Medicine Fellowship
Department of Anesthesiology,
PH 527-B
College of Physicians & Surgeons of
Columbia University
New York, New York
Chapters 20, 29
5/15/17 8:01 PM
 xx Contributors

Glenn Oettinger, PharmD, BCPS Mubashir Pervez, MD

Emergency Medicine Pharmacy Fellow physician, Division of
Specialist Neurocritical Care
Clinical Assistant Professor The University of Texas Medical
Thomas Jefferson University School at Houston
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Mischer Neuroscience Institute
Chapter 54 Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical
Center
Geoffrey O. Ouma, DO, MS Houston, Texas
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Chapter 10
Surgery
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Sean Pinney, MD
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Associate Professor, Medicine and
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Cardiology
Chapter 44 Director, Pulmonary Hypertension
Program
David Oxman, MD The Mount Sinai Hospital
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital New York, New York
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 37
Chapter 56
Jean-Sebastien Rachoin, MD
Oliver Panzer, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Cooper Medical School of Rowan
Columbia University College of University
Physicians and Surgeons Associate Division Head, Hospital
New York-Presbyterian/Columbia Medicine
University Medical Center Critical Care Medicine
New York, New York Cooper University Hospital
Chapter 34 Camden, New Jersey
Chapter 47
Soojin Park, MD, FAHA
Assistant Professor of Neurology Jeremy T. Ragland, MD
Columbia University College of Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery
Physicians and Surgeons and Neurology
Assistant Attending Physician at Division of Neurocritical Care
New York-Presbyterian/Columbia The University of Texas Health Science
University Medical Center Center at Houston
New York, New York Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical
Chapter 19 Center
The Mischer Neuroscience Institute
Houston, Texas
Chapter 59

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 20 5/15/17 8:01 PM


Vivek Reddy, MD
Director, Cardiac Arrhythmia Services
The Mount Sinai Hospital
New York, New York
Chapter 36
Fred Rincon, MD, MSc, FACP, FCCP,
FCCM
Assistant Professor of Neurology and
Neurological Surgery
Department of Neurological Surgery
Thomas Jefferson University
Jefferson Medical College
Division of Neurotrauma and
Critical Care
Methodist Hospital Division of Thomas
Jefferson University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapters 2, 8
David Roh, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Division of Neurocritical Care
Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons
New York-Presbyterian/Columbia
University Medical Center
New York, New York
Chapter 3
John Rollo, MD
Pathology
St. Louis, Missouri
Chapter 31
Sophie Samuel, PharmD, BCPS
Critical Care Clinical Specialist,
Neurosciences
Memorial Hermann-Texas
Medical Center
Department of Pharmacy Services
Houston, Texas
Chapter 7
Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 21
Contributors xxi
David I. Sandberg, MD, FAANS,
FACS, FAAP
Professor and Chief, Division of
Pediatric Neurosurgery
University of Texas Health Sciences
Center at Houston
Houston, Texas
Chapter 28
Michael J. Schmidt, PhD, MSc
Assistant Professor of
Neuropsychology in Neurology
Director of Neuro-ICU
Neuromonitoring and Informatics
Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York
Chapter 19
David B. Seder, MD, FCCP, FCCM,
FNCS
Director, Neurocritical Care
Department of Critical Care Services
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Associate Professor of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
Chapters 41, 45, 46
David S. Seres, MD
Director of Medical Nutrition
Associate Professor of Medicine
Institute of Human Nutrition
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Chapter 57
5/15/17 8:01 PM
 xxii Contributors
Manish N. Shah, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatric
Neurosurgery
University of Texas Health Sciences
Center at Houston
Houston, Texas
Chapter 28
Samit K. Shah, MD
Fellow, Advanced Heart Failure and
Transplant
Yale New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut
Chapter 38
Syed Omar Shah, MD, MBA
Assistant Professor of Neurology and
Neurological Surgery
Department of Neurological Surgery
Thomas Jefferson University
Division of Critical Care and
Neurotrauma
Jefferson Hospital for Neurosciences
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 8
Raman Sharma, MD
Fellow, Division of Cardiology
Zena and Michael A. Wiener
Cardiovascular Institute and
Institute of Critical Care Medicine
Mount Sinai Medical Center and Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, New York
Chapter 39
Anurag Singh, MD
Professor of Oncology
Director of Radiation Research
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Buffalo, New York
Chapter 36
Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 22
Michael B. Sisti, MD, FACS
James G. McMurtry Associate Professor
of Clinical Neurosurgery, Radiation
Oncology & Otolaryngology
Co-Director, The Center for
Radiosurgery
Department of Neurosurgery
Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons
Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York
Chapter 9
Robert N. Sladen, MBChB, MRCP,
FRCP
Professor and Executive Vice-Chair
of Anesthesiology
Chief, Division of Critical Care
Department of Anesthesiology
Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons
New York-Presbyterian/Columbia
University Medical Center
New York, New York
Chapter 20
Fabio Silvio Taccone, MD
Department of Intensive Care
Erasme University Hospital
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Brussels, Belgium
Chapter 53
Miranda Tan, MD
Internal Medicine
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 56
Blake E.S. Taylor, MD
Resident, Neurological Surgery
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
Newark, New Jersey
Chapters 23, 26
5/15/17 8:01 PM

Lynda Thomson, PharmD, CACP
Advanced Practice Pharmacist
Jefferson Vascular Center
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 44
Ruwanthi Titano, MD
The Mount Sinai Hospital
New York, New York
Chapter 37
Jacqueline S. Urtecho, MD
Temple University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 55
Thilagavathi Venkatachalam, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Cooper Medical School of Rowan
University
Division of Hospital Medicine
Cooper University Health Care
Camden, New Jersey
Chapter 50
Lawrence S. Weisberg, MD
Professor of Medicine
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson
Medical School
Head, Division of Nephrology
Deputy Chief, Department of
Medicine
Cooper University Hospital
Camden, New Jersey
Chapters 47, 49
Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 23
Contributors xxiii
Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons
Department of Neurology, Division
of Stroke
New York Presbyterian Hospital/
Columbia University Medical
Center
New York, New York
Chapter 5
Brian Woods, MD
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology
Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons
New York-Presbyterian/Columbia
University Medical Center
New York, New York
Chapter 30
Luyi Kathy Zhang, MD
Internal Medicine Specialist
North Shore University Hospital
Manhassett, New York
Chapter 54
5/15/17 8:01 PM
 This page intentionally left blank

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 24 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 Foreword

Three converging realities provide the raisons d’etre for this new edition of The
NeuroICU Book. First, management of neurological and neurosurgical patients
is becoming increasingly complex and fluid as diagnostic and therapeutic
options increase. There are few “standards of care” that have not substantially
changed over the past few years. Second, as our population increases, engages
in risky behavior, and ages, the burden of trauma and neurological disease
threatens to overwhelm our hospitals. The number of physicians and other
staff who need training to care for these patients is truly exploding. Finally,
evidence-based protocol-driven care improves quality metrics, value and
patient centered outcomes. Every hospital and healthcare system now accepts
and is adapting to this new reality of medical practice. Nowhere are these
themes more evident than in the NeuroICU, hence the need for a comprehen-
sive, authoritative, and easily negotiated reference for medical staff managing
patients in this environment.
This second edition of The NeuroICU Book builds on the huge success of the
first edition published in 2012. The interactive, case-driven format of the first
edition is retained, with practical recommendations that consider the myriad
possible responses of patients to our interventions. Little is predictable in the
NeuroICU, and this book prepares the reader for the unexpected. The second
edition follows the general organization of the first, with expanded coverage of
encephalopathy, spine trauma, pediatric neurosurgery, and newer cardiovascular
interventions such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Dr Lee has assembled an all-star lineup of authors; they are interdisciplinary
leaders in their fields. Rarely will one find a more comprehensive and authoritative
compilation within the front and back covers of any textbook. The chapters are
all edited for consistent style, so that each topic is not only covered with the same
degree of expertise and depth, but once familiar with the approach, the reader can
easily find within each chapter the coverage they are seeking.
Finally, while this text will be most useful to those who work full-time in the
NeuroICU, it is a welcome addition to the bookshelf of any clinician taking care
of hospitalized neurological and neurosurgical patients. The new reality of neuro-
logical care is that a large percentage of hospitalized patients will spend some time
in the NeuroICU, or require ICU-level care while in the ED, endovascular suite,
or other non-ICU setting. Hence patients are frequently co-managed by clinicians
who will care for the patient before they transition into, or after they move out of,

xxv

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 25 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 xxvi Foreword

the NeuroICU. As a vascular neurologist, I frequently dive into the “non-stroke”

chapters to help me understand what Dr Lee and his staff are doing or would be
doing with my patients!

James C. Grotta, MD
June 26, 2016

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 26 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 Preface

A lot has happened since the first edition of this book and my departure from New
York City to arrive in Houston, Texas. The field of neurology continued to evolve,
especially in the area of therapeutics. Multiple class I-type of evidence emerged
from intraarterial thrombectomy studies showing its undeniable, outcome-
improving intervention, when combined with intravenous rt-PA compared to
intravenous thrombolysis alone in 2015. This ground-breaking study result, along
with other therapeutic advances in other neurological subspecialties, further
transformed the field of neurology from merely admiring phenomenology to
more time-sensitive interventional field. The field of neurocritical care is at the
forefront of therapeutic efforts, as our daily practice focuses on resuscitating and
reversing multiple organ failures.
The idea of neurologic critical care is to provide acute medical therapies and
appropriate interventions promptly by constantly monitoring the patients in one
area by specially trained physicians and nurses. Injured brains do not wait for
consults to show up and have a low threshold for irreversible damages. “Time
is brain” in many situations, and it is of paramount importance that neurocriti-
cal care team must physically staff the unit 24/7 and act quickly in the event of
neuro-emergencies. Patients with acute, severe brain injuries are often accompa-
nied by other organ failures at the time of initial presentation or during the ICU
stay. Therefore, neurointensivists must be trained to handle not only the brain,
but also rest of the body. This textbook is written for that very reason. Readers
will once again find this textbook being not just about the brain and spine. It is
about all organ insufficiencies and failures along with neurologic illnesses. After
the success and popularity of the first edition, the second edition again emphasizes
and focuses on one principle: practicality. This book is easy to read and full of real
cases that one may encounter in a neurocritical care unit. The flow of content is
in the form of dialogue. You will feel like you are making rounds with me. By
discussing and focusing on multiple challenging problems, and by paying attention
to all organs rather just the brain, it is my hope that you would find this textbook
extremely helpful for both daily practices as well as for board examinations.

Kiwon Lee, MD, FACP, FAHA, FCCM

Houston, Texas

xxvii

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 27 5/15/17 8:01 PM

 This page intentionally left blank

Lee-FM_pi-xxx.indd 28 5/15/17 8:01 PM

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd: