THESIS PROPOSAL PRELIMINARY TEMPLATE

Name of Student:Li Xinhe

Thesis Title: Characteristics of Chinese elements in Debussy piano Works-Take Bergamo Suite as an
example

Introduction 1000 words. What is this Claude Debussy is a representative Professor’s Comments
research about? figure of French Impressionist music in IS THERE A RESEARCH OR A
the late 19th century and early 20th STUDY THAT MENTIONED THAT
century. His musical works are full of DEBUSSY INCORPORATED
interest in exoticism, especially the CHINESE ELEMENTS IN HIS
exploration of Oriental music. In this PIANOW WORKS?
paper, we will mainly explore the
Chinese musical elements that Debussy THE INTRODUCTION PART
incorporated into his piano works, SHOULD ONLY DISCUSS
especially the Bergamo Suite. IMPORTANT INFORMATION
The Bergamo Suite is an early ABOUT BERGAMO SUITE SO
important piano work composed by THAT THE READER WILL HAVE A
Debussy between 1890 and 1905. It BACKGROUND INFORMATION
consists of four parts, of which the third AS TO WHAT YOUR RESEARCH IS
part, Moonlight, is particularly famous. ALL ABOUT.
The work has received wide attention
for its unique musical style and
emotional expression. Here, we choose
the Bergamo Suite to study Debussy's
use of Chinese elements, mainly
because of its high artistic value and
representativeness, and at the same
time, it is one of Debussy's most
representative works in exploring
Chinese musical elements.
First, from the cultural background of
Debussy's time, we will explore which
Chinese musical elements are adopted
in the Bergamo Suite and how these
elements affect the style and emotional
expression of his works. By analyzing
elements such as melody, harmony, and
rhythm in the work, we will reveal how
Debussy used these elements and how
they shaped the overall atmosphere
and emotion of the work. We will also
analyze the connection between the
works and the cultural background of
the time, so that we can better
understand how Debussy absorbed and
integrated Chinese musical elements.
We will then explore the relationship
between the Chinese elements in
Debussy's music and authentic
traditional Chinese culture, and how his
works reflect his understanding and
imagination of Eastern culture. By
analyzing the Chinese elements in the
works, we will have a better
understanding of Debussy's feelings
and understanding of foreign cultures,
and how he created a unique musical
language in his works.
At the same time, I will start from my
own feelings, and explain the influence
and change of playing the Bergamo
Suite on me. In the process of playing
this work, I deeply realized Debussy's
unique use of Chinese musical
elements and his innovative spirit in
music creation. This makes me pay
more attention to cultural integration,
timbre diversity, rhythmic freedom and
flexibility, melodic lyricism and poetry,
harmonic openness and ambiguity, and
interdisciplinary exploration when
performing other works. I believe that
these Revelations are of great
significance to the enhancement of
musicians' artistic expression and
musical understanding ability.
Secondly, we will summarize Debussy's
use of Chinese musical elements in the
Bergamo Suite and the influence of
these elements on the style and
emotional expression of his works. At
the same time, we will also explore the
inspiration of Debussy's music creation
for modern musicians, and how to pay
more attention to cultural integration
and interdisciplinary exploration in
writing, playing and learning.
In general, this thesis aims to reveal
how Debussy absorbed and integrated
foreign cultures through the study of
the Chinese musical elements in Claude

Statement of Explain in 150 words what is the
the Problem important problem or the GAP in
the research your thesis will fill
out or will answer.
Debussy's Bergamo Suite, as well as the
enlightenment of his music creation to
modern musicians. Through in-depth
analysis of this work, we can not only
better understand Debussy's music, but
also draw inspiration from it to improve
our own music creation and
performance level.
This study aims to deeply explore the
Chinese elements in Debussy's piano
works, especially taking the Bergamo
Suite as an example. At present, the
research on Debussy's works focuses on
his impressionistic style and musical
skills, but the performance
characteristics of the Chinese elements
incorporated in his works are not
sufficient.

This study will fill this gap, through the

analysis of the bergamo suite of music
elements, such as pentatonic scale,
melody lines, rhythm pattern, as well as
playing skills, such as touch, timbre,
pedal technology, to reveal how
debussy these elements into his works,
and explore the influence of these
elements on playing practice.
Research What is your research intends to My research aims to through in-depth
Aim/Research achieve? What is the aim or goal analysis of Debussy piano works
Purpose of your thesis? "bergamo suite" Chinese elements, and
further explore the characteristics of
these elements in debbussy other
piano works and forms of performance,
promote more understanding of
Debussy works and its Chinese
elements, and for music practice,
education, cross-cultural
communication and other fields to
provide beneficial reference and
enlightenment.
Research
Objective
Research Write 5 important research 1. What specific Chinese music
Question questions do you think you need elements did Debussy use in the
to answer in your thesis. Better Bergamo Suite, and how did these
focus on the questions that elements affect the style and emotional
 many scholars did not pay
attention to or whose answer
you did not agree.
Rationale Explain in 200 words WHY your
thesis is important and explain
the theoretical and practical
impact of your thesis
expression of his works?
2.Is Debussy's application of Chinese NOT A VERY GOOD RESEARCH
musical elements influenced by the QUESTION. THINK OF ANOTHER
background of global cultural exchange QUESTION
from the late 19th century to the early
20th century, and how is this influence
reflected in the Bergamo Suite?
3. What is the significance of the study NOT A VERY GOOD RESEARCH
of Chinese elements in Debussy's works QUESTION. THINK OF ANOTHER
for deepening the understanding of QUESTION
Debussy's music and promoting his
works?
4. What do the Chinese elements in NOT A VERY GOOD RESEARCH
Debussy's works enlighten me in QUESTION. THINK OF ANOTHER
understanding and interpreting his QUESTION
works
5. What do the Chinese elements in
Debussy's music related to real Chinese
culture? and how do his works reflect
his understanding and imagination of
Oriental culture?
Most of the existing research results IN WHAT WAY YOUR STUDY CAN
analyze the Chinese elements in FILL THE GAP IN THE STUDY OF
Debussy's works from the perspective CHINESE ELEMENTS IN
of theoretical researchers. And I will DEBUSSY’S WORK? IN WHAT
study how to understand and express WAY YOUR STUDY WILL
the Chinese elements in the work from PROVIDE NEW
the perspective of a player, and explore UNDERSTANDING OF DEBUSSY’S
how these elements combine with WORK?
Debussy's early musical style.
The importance of understanding how WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO
Debussy incorporates Chinese elements KNOW HOW DEBUSSY
is that: INCORPORATED CHINESE
1. Enhance the understanding of the ELEMENTS TO HIS MUSIC?
work: to have a deeper understanding WHAT IS THE BENEFIT OF
of Debussy's musical language and UNDERSTANING HOW HE
expression. INCORPORATED CHINESE
2. Promote music innovation: ELEMENTS?
Encourage modern composers to boldly
integrate different cultural elements in
their creation.
3. Enrich the interpretation of the
performance: to help the players to
grasp the style of the works more
accurately and improve the
interpretation level.In terms of practical
influence, the research results of this

Significant and What is the new innovation of
Original your thesis that has NOT BEEN
Contribution DONE by previous scholars who
to Knowledge studied the same thesis topic or
research questions?
Literature Introduce the literature review
Review and explain the content and
explain why you will review the
literature
paper can help piano players to
understand and interpret Debussy's
works more accurately and improve
their performance level. In addition, for
music educators and researchers, the
research methods and results of this
paper can also provide them with
inspiration and promote the diversified
development of music education. In
short, the study of this paper is of great
significance for promoting the study of
Debussy's work performance, enriching
the field of musicology and guiding the
practice of piano performance.
Although Debussy's works have been THINK MORE ABOUT WHAT
extensively studied, placing them in the WILL BE NEW IN YOUR THESIS
context of global cultural exchange, IN THE ASPECT OF DEBUSSY’S
especially exploring the specific INCORPORATION OF CHINESE
applications of Chinese elements, is a ELEMENTS. YOU SHOULD FOCUS
relatively less deeply explored area. My ON THE “NEW” ASPECTS YOUR
research has not only analyzed the THESIS WILL HAVE.
existence of Chinese musical elements,
but also explored how these elements
combine with Debussy's impressionistic
style to create a unique musical
language.
The general situation and current YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO
situation of the literature on Chinese DISCUSS THE GENERAL
elements in Debussy's music show that SITUATION AND STATUS OF THE
this topic has attracted the attention of LITERATURE ON CHINESE
some scholars, but the research is still ELEMENTS IN DEBUSSY’S MUSIC
relatively scattered and incomplete. AND ALSO BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN
Early studies focused on Debussy's THE PURPOSE OF YOUR
musical style and his overall interest in LITERATURE REVIEW.
Oriental music, while few literature
conducted in-depth analysis of the
Bergamo Suite and its Chinese
elements.
Existing literature usually explores this
topic in the following ways:
1. Debussy's relationship with Eastern
Music: Scholars studied how Debussy
approached Eastern music, especially
Chinese music, through concerts,
recordings and publications, and
analyzed the embodiment of these
influences in his works.
2. Musicology analysis: Some scholars

Summary and Criticism of the
literature
Summary and Criticism of the
literature
Summary and Criticism of the
literature
Summary and Criticism of the
literature
What is the gap in the literature?
How is your thesis is going to fill
in the gap?
have analyzed the melody, harmony
and rhythm in the Bergamo Suite,
trying to find the traces of Chinese
music.
3. Cultural and historical background:
Some studies put Debussy's creation in
a broader cultural and historical
context, and explore how the European
perception and interest in Chinese
culture at that time influenced his
music.
4. Performance practice and
interpretation: A few documents cover
how the players interpret and express
the Chinese elements in the Bergamo
Suite, and how these elements affect
the acceptance of the audience.
My literature review aims to
systematically comb through and
evaluate existing research findings,
identify gaps and deficiencies in
research, and provide a solid
foundation for further research.
Through the review, I will summarize
the main views and findings of the
scholars, critically analyze their
methods and conclusions, and propose
new research questions and directions.
Such a review not only helps to
establish a comprehensive
understanding of the study of Chinese
elements in Debussy's works, but also
provides both theoretical and
methodological guidance for my further
research.
In the current literature, some
achievements have been made in the
study of Chinese elements in Debussy's
piano works, especially in the
 discussion of Debussy's interest and
influence on Chinese music. However,
these studies often stay at the level of
theoretical analysis and lack of in-depth
discussion of specific problems in
performance practice. In addition,
there are relatively few studies on the
performance characteristics of Chinese
elements in the specific work of the
Bergamo Suite.

My paper will discuss how to show the

Methodology What will be your method to
gather or organize your
research?
Chinese elements in the work through
technical means through detailed
comparative analysis of the
performance, so as to provide specific
reference for the performers.
When analyzing the Chinese elements
in the Bergamo Suite, I will use the
following specific musical analysis
methods:

Harmonic analysis: detailed analysis of

the harmony progress in the work,
looking for the harmonic structure that
may be influenced by the Chinese
pentatonic scale and the palace tuning
scale, such as the use of non-traditional
western harmony progress and fuzzy
tonal relations. WHAT MUSIC ANALYSIS
METHOD WILL YOU USE TO
Melody analysis: to study the possible ANALYZE THE CHINESE
characteristics of Chinese scales in ELEMENTS? THERE ARE MANY
melodic lines, such as the use of DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSIC
pentatonic scales or other non-western ANALYSIS. YOU WILL NEED TO
scales, as well as the form and BE VERY SPECIFIC ON WHAT
development of melodies. METHOD YOU WILL USE.

Rhythm and beat analysis: to explore

whether rhythm patterns are
influenced by common patterns in
Chinese music such as asymmetric
rhythm and free rhythm.
Color and mating instrument analysis: If
applicable, to assess whether Debussy's
treatment of timbre in piano works is
intended to imitate traditional Chinese
THIS IS NOT A VEERY GOOD
METHOD FOR PHD THESIS. YOU
SHOULD ONLY FOCUS ON THE
ANALYSIS OF THE MUSIC SCORE
ITSELF AND NOT OBSERVATION
OF THE PERFORMANCE OF
OTHERS

What are the data set you will
collect?
Who are the authors of the
method you will use?
instruments.
Comparative analysis: compare specific
passages in the Bergamo Suite with
examples of Chinese music to reveal
similarities and possible influences.
Historical background and style
analysis: analyze the historical and
cultural background of Debussy's
creation in combination with historical
literature and style research, as well as
the Chinese music style he may be
exposed to.
Traditional Chinese music materials:
Chinese music literature, audio
recording and other related materials
to help understand the relationship
between Chinese elements in Debussy's
works and traditional Chinese music.
Music: To obtain the original score of
the Bergamo Suite and other scores of
Debussy's works for comparative THIS MATERIAL IS NOT
analysis. IMPORTANT IN YOUR THESIS.
Historical documents: Collect
comments, letters, diaries and other
historical documents with Debussy to
understand the understanding and
attitude towards Chinese music at that
time. THIS IS NOT IMPORTANT IN
Academic literature: Organize existing YOUR THESIS
research papers, books and articles
related to Chinese music elements to
understand the research status and
main views of the academic
community.
THIS IS NOT IMPORTANT IN
YOUR THESIS
When preparing for the study of the EVERY RESEARCH FOLLOWS A
Chinese elements in the Bergamo Suite, CERTAIN METHODOLOGY AND
I referred to the research methods of THERE ARE MANY
several scholars. Here are several METHODOLOGIES AVAILABLE
authors that I think I can learn from and YOU CAN USE IN YOUR
their methods: INVESTIGATION. YOU NEED TO
FIND THE AUTHOR WHOSE
Robert Greenberg: In Debussy's Music METHOD YOU THINK YOU CAN
and Its Background, Greenberg uses a ALSO USE.
combination of historical background

How will you use the method
differently in your thesis?
and musical analysis, which can help
me consider music in a broader
historical and cultural context when
discussing how Debussy incorporated
Chinese elements into his work.
David Metzer: In Debussy's Music
Language, Metzer reveals the style
characteristics of Debussy's works
through in-depth analysis of music
theory. I will learn from his analytical
techniques, especially harmony, melody
and rhythm.
Roy Howat: In his book Debussy's Piano
Works, Howat examines the practice of
performance and piano skills in detail.
This will help me to understand the
performance and transmission of
Chinese elements in the performance.
Jane F. Fulcher: Fulcher's Building on
the Impact: Music in Global Culture
provides a methodology for cross-
cultural music research, which is very
useful for my analysis of the Chinese
elements in the Bergamo Suite.
Mark Evan Bonds: Bonds discusses non-
western elements in Western music in
Exotic Style in Music. His cross-cultural
perspective and critical analysis method
have guiding significance for my study
of the application of Chinese elements
in Debussy music.
In the process of writing the paper, I THERE IS NO NEED TO COMBINE
will use the following musicology METHODS. MUSICOLOGICAL
research methods to analyze the METHOD IS SUFFICIENT FOR
Chinese elements in the Bergamo Suite: YOUR THESIS. NO NEED FOR
1. Harmony and melody analysis: I will PERFORMANCE BY OTHER
use the traditional music theory PERFORMERS
analysis to explore how Debussy's
harmony and melody are influenced by
Chinese music. This includes the
analysis of unconventional harmonic
processes, the use of pentatonic scales,
and melodic construction.
2. Analysis of rhythm and Morphology: YOUR THESIS SHOULD NOT

Theory What is your theoretical
approach you will use in your
thesis?
Who are the authors of the
theory you will use?
Why you will use this theory
Through rhythm comparison and form INCLUDE ANALYSIS OF
analysis, I will assess whether Debussy RECORDINGS ! THE MUSICAL
has adopted the rhythm pattern and SCORE IS THE ONLY FOCUS OF
structure form unique to Chinese YOUR ANALYSIS
music.
3. Historical and cultural background
research: I will deeply study the
historical background of Debussy's life,
explore how he contacted Chinese
music through personal experience and THIS IS NOT NECESSARY IN
cultural exchanges at that time, and YOUR RESEARCH AS YOU ARE
integrate these influences into his ONLY EXAMINING THE CHINESE
works. ELEMENTS AND HOW DEBUSSY
4. Comparative study: Compare the INCORPORATED IT TO HIS
Bergamo Suite with other works with MUSIC TO CREATE AN
similar cultural integration IMPRESSIONISTIC MUSIC
characteristics to reveal Debussy's
innovations.
5. Critical analysis: Combined with
critical theory, I will challenge the
existing views on the relationship
between Debussy and Chinese music
elements, and propose new
explanations and understandings.
Comparative musicology, musical
semiotics, musical aesthetics, and
performance analysis
Comparative Musicology：John
Blacking,Hugo Riemann
Music Semiotics：Nicolas Ruwet,Jean-
Jacques Nattiez
Music Aesthetic：Arthur
Schopenhauer,Friedrich Nietzsche
Performance Analysis：Richard
Taruskin,Paul Henry Lang
I chose to use these theoretical
methods because they each provide a
unique set of analytical tools and
perspectives that can help me to
comprehensively explore the
performance characteristics of Chinese
elements in Debussy's piano works.
Here are the reasons for using these
theories:

How will you use this theory and
what is your new way of using
the theory?
Comparative musicology: Through the
method of comparative musicology, I
can analyze and understand the
similarities and differences between
Debussy's works and traditional
Chinese music, and how these
elements are integrated into his
impressionist style.
Music semiotics: Music semiotics helps
me deeply analyze the meaning and
expression of musical language and
reveal how Debussy conveys specific
cultural information through musical
symbols, which is crucial to
understanding the integration of
Chinese elements.
Musical aesthetics: Music aesthetics
enables me to explore the aesthetic
value and emotional expression of
Debussy's works from a philosophical
perspective, especially the aesthetic
effect of integrating Chinese elements.
Performance analysis: Performance
analysis is the key to understand the
technical details and performance
means in piano performance. It helps
me to specifically analyze how the
pianists show the characteristics of
Chinese elements through playing skills.
Comparative musicology: I will use the
method of comparative musicology to
analyze the similarities between
Debussy's works and traditional
Chinese music. Through this
comparison, I will explore how Debussy
absorbs and integrates Chinese musical
elements to create a unique musical
style.
Music semiotics: I will use the theory of
music semiotics to interpret the
symbols and codes in Debussy's music,
and how they convey the
characteristics of Chinese music.
Music Aesthetics: I will use the theory
of music aesthetics to explore the
aesthetic value and emotional
expression in Debussy's works,
especially the effect after integrating

Conclusion Why is your research important
NOW ?
Why should other people pay
attention to your thesis?
Chinese elements. By analyzing the
melody, harmony, rhythm and other
elements in the work, I will explore how
Debussy created a unique musical
aesthetic.
Performance analysis: I will use the
method of performance analysis to
analyze how the pianist expresses the
characteristics of Chinese elements by
touching the keys, timbre, pedals and
other techniques. Through observation,
comparison and analysis of Chinese
pianists and western pianists, explore
the playing skills of Chinese elements.
The importance of my Study on the
Performance Characteristics of Chinese
Elements in Debussy's Piano Works
—— Take the Bergamo Suite as an
example is now reflected in the
following aspects:
Fill the research gap: At present, there
are relatively few studies on the
performance characteristics of Chinese
elements in Debussy's works. My
research will fill this academic gap and
provide a new perspective for
understanding Debussy's music.
Contribution to cross-cultural music
research: Debussy's music integrates a
variety of cultural elements, especially
the absorption and application of
Chinese music, which provides a rich
case for cross-cultural music research.
My research will help to drive this field
forward.
Guidance for performance practice: For
piano players, understanding the
performance characteristics of Chinese
elements in Debussy's work is crucial to
accurately convey the style and
emotion of the work. My research will
provide specific guidance and advice to
the players.
Reference to music education: For
music educators, understanding the
handling of Chinese elements in
Debussy's works helps to guide
students to better understand and

THESIS Introduce the chapter and
CHAPTERS explain why your chapter is
important and what gap in the
scholarly literature the
discussion in your chapter will
fill out. Explain what will be the
discussion points within this
chapter. Only 150 words
interpret these works in teaching.
The improvement of academic value:
My research not only focuses on
Debussy's musical works, but also
involves the performance practice,
cultural background and historical
context, which makes the research of
high academic value.
Others should pay attention to my
paper, because:
Innovative: My research provides a new
perspective on Debussy's work, which is
a new direction of thinking for
academia.
Practical value: For piano players and
educators, my research provides
practical performance guidance and
advice to help improve their
performance level and teaching effect.
Interdisciplinary perspective: My
research combines the perspectives of
musicology, music analysis, cultural
studies, and music pedagogy, providing
a comprehensive perspective for the
understanding and analysis of
Debussy's works.
Deepening understanding: Through an
in-depth analysis of the performance
characteristics of Chinese elements in
Debussy's works, my research helps to
deepen the understanding of Debussy's
music and promote the development of
the musicology field.
To sum up, my research has not only
academic value, but also practical
value, which is of great reference
significance to academia, players and
educators.
III: An Analysis of the Chinese
Elements in the Bergamo Suite.
Through a detailed analysis of the score
of the Bergamo Suite, it reveals how
Debussy uses Chinese musical
elements.
The importance of this chapter is that it
fills the gap in the academic literature
about the performance characteristics

Introduce the chapter and
explain why your chapter is
important and what gap in the
scholarly literature the
discussion in your chapter will
fill out. Explain what will be the
discussion points within this
chapter. Only 150 words
Introduce the chapter and
explain why your chapter is
important and what gap in the
scholarly literature the
discussion in your chapter will
fill out. Explain what will be the
discussion points within this
chapter. Only 150 words
References These are the
books/articles/thesis you will
read until you complete your
research. Select important
scholars in your references. Use
of Chinese elements in the Bergamo
Suite.
1. Use of pentatonic scales: Analyze
how Debussy uses pentatonic scales in
the work, and how this scale affects the
harmony and melody of the work.
2. Characteristics of melodic lines:
Explore how Debussy uses melodic lines
to express the style of Chinese music,
and how such lines convey specific
emotions.
3. Integration of rhythm modes: analyze
how Debussy integrates the rhythm
mode of Chinese music into his works.
IV: The "The East" in Debussy's music THIS CHAPTER IS NOT
IMPORTANT IN YOUR THESIS.
THINK OF A DIFFERENT
The chapter will explore the CHAPTER FOR YOUR THESIS.
relationship between the Chinese CHAPTER OF YOUR THESIS
elements written by Debussy and the SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO THE
true traditional Chinese culture. RESEARCH PROBLEM AND THE
No such studies are readily available in RESEARCH QUESTIONS OF YOUR
the existing academic literature. THESIS
I will study the influence of the late
19th century to the beginning of the
20th century to write "Chinese
elements" works, and to look for the
representative "Chinese elements"
works of musicians of the same period.
V: What do the Chinese elements in THIS CHAPTER IS NOT
Debussy's works tell me about "me". IMPORTANT IN YOUR THESIS.
THINK OF A DIFFERENT
Because my PhD recital completed the CHAPTER FOR YOUR THESIS.
Bergamo suite, I wanted to start from CHAPTER OF YOUR THESIS
my own perspective SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO THE
, Disdiscusses the inspirations and RESEARCH PROBLEM AND THE
changes of a Chinese player —— after RESEARCH QUESTIONS OF YOUR
learning the Bergamo suite. And to THESIS
discuss what the Chinese elements in
Debussy's work offer to contemporary
musicians.
Tomes Susan (2021). The Piano:A
History in 100 Pieces. Yale
University Press 2021.
Song Xinyu (2024.03) Music
NEW references as much as
possible within 5 years time.
The number of references for
PhD thesis should be 90-120
references. References should
be in APA7 Format
analysis and performance skills of
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Debussy's Moonlight. House of
drama.
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Tomorrow's fashion.
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