Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

A lighting system is defined as one or more luminaires with one or more lamps and have

a characteristic lighting distribution. Several types of luminaires with lamps can be combined to

make up a lighting system. The lighting system itself and thus the choice of luminaires to make

up the system depend on the use of the space to be illuminated and other more perhaps “artistic”

concerns. Without adequate maintenance and repair, electrical systems can become outdated,

inefficient, and even hazardous. Although these systems are typically unobtrusive and static, this

does not guarantee that they will always function effectively when required. An electrical system

evaluation might discover costly and perhaps dangerous problems. Lighting contributes the

highest amount of electricity usage in a building.

The importance of a well-designed and efficient illumination system cannot be overstated

in any educational institution. In addition, the lighting system is integrated with the building's

electrical infrastructure, which ensures correct electrical distribution and reduces the possibility

of electrical accidents. The lighting system allows occupants to accomplish jobs more easily,

improves visual comfort, and creates a productive and safe atmosphere by carefully illuminating

different areas of the structure. Finally, the goal of an electrical lighting system in a structure is

to offer efficient, safe, and well-controlled illumination while minimizing energy consumption

and maximizing occupant comfort. To be able to create the most effective educational setting

and to ensure the comfort and safety of both students and staff, adequate lighting is necessary. In

this research study, researchers aim to assess the current illumination system at Camarines Sur

Polytechnic Colleges (CSPC) Duran Hall, focusing on its effectiveness and energy efficiency. A
well-designed lighting system considers factors such as lighting levels, light distribution, and

energy efficiency.

Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges’ Duran Hall serves as a hub for various academic

and extracurricular activities. It accommodates classrooms, study areas, and other facilities

critical to the educational journey of the students. Given its central role, it is imperative to

evaluate the illumination conditions within the hall to identify areas for improvement and ensure

an enhanced learning environment. The assessment will involve a comprehensive analysis of the

illumination system in terms of its design, functionality, and compliance with relevant

illumination standards and guidelines.

Furthermore, in today's environmentally conscious world, it is very evident that lighting

makes every facility conducive to learning and improvement. Holistically, an illumination

system helps the user to become a more productive and more creative individual. That’s why the

environment should have good-conditioned lighting. A thorough assessment of the illumination

system will help to identify its part for the presence of malfunctioning and other threats that may

be harmful to its user.

The findings of this research study will serve as a foundation for recommending

improvements and interventions to enhance the illumination system at CSPC Duran Hall. These

recommendations may include upgrades to lighting fixtures, adjustments to illumination levels

and implementation of lighting controls, or other relevant measures. The aim is to assess the

illumination system of CSPC Duran Hall and determine if the current illumination system is

aligned with safety standards and regulations based on the Manual of Practice on Efficient

Lighting. By completing this assessment, the researchers intend to contribute to the body of

knowledge on illumination systems within the educational institution. The findings gathered
from this study project will benefit not just CSPC, but also other institutions facing similar issues

in optimizing their lighting infrastructure.

Statement of the Problem

This study sought to assess and evaluate the illumination system in Camarines Sur

Polytechnic Colleges' Duran Hall to answer the following:

1. What is the existing illumination system of the Duran Hall?

2. What is the new illumination design in the CSPC Duran Hall?

Objectives of the Study

These study aims to design and assess the CSPC Duran Hall. It will provide a pleasant

environment for both staff and students.

This study sought to answer the following objectives;

1. To evaluate and assess the existing Illumination System of the Duran Hall.

2. To propose a new Illumination system design for Duran Hall?

Assumptions of the Study

The study entitled “Assessment of Illumination system in CSPC Duran Hall” will be

conducted based on the following assumptions:

1. The study will focus on evaluating the technical impacts of the illumination system at

CSPC Duran Hall on student and staff performance.

 2. The study assumes that inadequate illuminance levels in the workplace can affect the

occupants` health, work efficiency and productivity.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will be of significant help and benefit to the following.

Students and Faculties. The findings of this study will be of great benefit to students

and faculties as it will provide a better and more comfortable workplace.

CSPC. They will be beneficial, and it can help in identifying possibilities and developing

and implementing sustainable campus-wide programs to minimize energy usage and enhance

overall building energy efficiency.

Future Researchers. The findings of this study will be of great benefit to future

researchers, particularly those who aim to perform research studies on related subjects

employing the various theories and concepts explored in this application.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study focused on the evaluation of the CSPC Duran Hall's Illumination system,

which may include evaluating historical data, and doing a site inspection. Assessment of the

Illumination system includes Lux measurement, Illuminance levels. Assessment of any other

loads will not be included in this study.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined operationally or theoretically based on their use in the

study. They are as follows:

 Assessment. It is the process of gathering and documenting information to evaluate or

estimate the nature, quality, or ability of a property and its purpose.

Illumination System. Used to describe the arrangement of lighting fixtures, controls, and

other parts intended to give suitable and enough lighting in a certain setting. Its job is to provide

the right amount of light for all kinds of environments, like homes, businesses, industries, and

outdoor areas.

Lux. Means light. Unit of illuminance.

Lux Measurement. Method to measure how bright light is.

Illuminance. A method for determining an area's lighting.

Luminous. Describe objects with highly bright colors.

Glare. Phrase used to characterize intense, and bright lighting.

Luminance. Brightness as seen by the human eye when looking at a bright or lighted

surface.

Luminous Flux. All the energy that a light source emits and that the eye can see.

Luminous Intensity. The magnitude produced by observable bright light in a specific

direction.

Luminaire. An entire lighting unit that consists of wiring, socket, and light source. It is

essential to the design and installation of lighting because it may be utilized to create

illumination in a variety of environments.

Coefficient of Utilization. Is a metric used in illumination systems to quantify the

efficiency of a luminaire in delivering light to a specific area.

 Room Cavity Ratio. A measure of how well light is distributed throughout a space. It is

employed in the design of illumination systems. It stands for the proportion of the room's floor

area to the surface area of the cavity (walls, ceiling, and floor).

Maintenance Factor / Light Loss Factor. It indicates the decrease in light output due to

things like wear and tear on reflective surfaces, dirt build-up, and lamp degeneration over time.