Oral Pathology Flip Chart

By: Carissa Kramer

What is oral pathology?
Oral pathology is the study of specifically oral diseases and
finding a diagnosis of the diseases. Also finding their causes
and effects. Includes anything that appears atypical or
unusual.
What are the general causes of oral pathologies?
Some general causes of oral pathologies are-

-Biological (microorganisms and oral pathologies related to genetics).

-Physical (caused by trauma or heat such as the exposure from the sun or traumatic accidents happened
to patient).

-Chemical (any chemically used substances the patient has frequently consumed such as tobacco,
alcohol, and other drugs).

-Hormonal (most common hormone changes from pregnancy and puberty.)

-Nutritional (Any dietary concerns that may affect oral health and cause an oral disease).

-Idiopathic (An unknown cause of oral disease, random).

What is the role of dental assistants and oral
pathology?
Dental assistants cannot diagnosis oral pathologies in
patients mouth but they must…
-Be able to show the dentist of abnormal conditions and unusual findings you have found in the patient's
mouth.

-Know how to prevent transmission of diseases from one person to another.

-Find changes in treatment planning to help benefit and help the patient who shows having an oral
disease.

-Assist with viewing oral cavity from a different side of the patients chair, assistant has different viewpoint
of the chair.
-Normal oral pathologies-
Normal oral pathology #1- Lichen planus
-Ongoing long time or recurring inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes (layer of tissue) in
the mouth.

-Appears white, lacy like patches also can be shown as red and swollen like. This may cause burning and
pain.

-Cannot be passed from one person to another.

-Happens mostly on the tissue inside of cheeks.

Normal oral pathology #2- Linea Alba
-Shown as a horizontal white streak or line on the tissue of the cheek.

-May not cause any discomfort or pain.

- Can be caused by cheek biting and friction from chewing.

Normal oral pathology #3- Fordyce granules
-Whitish-yellow bumps seen on lips or inner cheek area.

-These are oil glands but may appear big at times because of hormone changes.
Normal oral pathology #4- Ranula
-Lip biting and trauma to the face are common causes of ranula.

-Most often appear under the tongue and are usually painless and appear bluish
and clear.

-Ranula is known as a ruptured salivary gland and usually goes away without
treatment.
Normal oral pathology #5- Aphthous ulcers
-Known as a canker sore and can happen on inner cheeks, lips, and around the
tongue.

-Usually short term and heal by itself, known to be a painful sore.

Normal oral pathology #6- Abfraction
-Type of tooth damage that happens near the gum line, tooth loses its structure and can be sensitive.

-Caused by teeth grinding, misalignment of teeth, and long term stressors on teeth.

-Wedge or V shaped.

-Loss of enamel and chipping is common.

-Abnormal oral pathologies-
Abnormal oral pathology #1- Congenital
Syphilis
Sexually transmitted disease that is passed to child from parent and seen at early
age, this disease causes oral abnormalities.

-Front teeth are shaped oddly and teeth are shown as not fully developed.
Abnormal oral pathology #2- Ankyloglossia
-Commonly known as a tongue tie and is present at birth, restricts the tongues range of motion.

-A short tight tissue is connected from the end of the tongue to the floor of the mouth making movement
more difficult.

-Someone who has this oral abnormality will have difficulty sticking out their mouth and other movements
are harder.
Abnormal oral pathology #3- Epstein Pearls
-Shown as whitish-yellow nodules and do not cause many symptoms besides appearance in the mouth.

-Caused by trapped skin during development and mostly seen in infants.

-These epstein pearls tend to go away after a few weeks.

Abnormal oral pathology #4- Fusion
-Rare case of abnormally developed tooth, unites two teeth by tooth germs, may
be complete or incomplete.

-Causes fewer number of teeth in the mouth.

-Large tooth with a single root.

Abnormal oral pathology #5- Enamel Pearls
-Occurs when enamel is found where enamel should not be such as on a root surface, shown as a small
nodule.

-Detected by x-rays, most commonly seen on molars.

-Prevents normal root covering from forming.

-Enamel pearls are surgically removed.

Abnormal oral pathology #6- Supernumerary
roots
-Can be seen in any tooth, larger amount of roots then is normal for a specific
tooth to have.
Works cited
Supernumerary roots-
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jisponline.com%2Farticles%2F2012%2F16%2F2%2Fimages%2FJIndianSocPeriodontol_2012_16_2_286_99279_f5.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2
Fjisponline.com%2Farticle.asp%3Fissn%3D0972-124X%3Byear%3D2012%3Bvolume%3D16%3Bissue%3D2%3Bspage%3D286%3Bepage%3D289%3Baulast%3DSachdeva%3Btype%3D3&docid=8kyEhK0g_fk
nEM&tbnid=Xwo-OwSAPitamM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiwj72O66jmAhXN1FkKHRVDBSoQMwhiKAcwBw..i&w=926&h=623&bih=686&biw=1440&q=supernumerary%20root&ved=0ahUKEwiwj72O66jmAhXN1FkKHR
VDBSoQMwhiKAcwBw&iact=mrc&uact=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.juniordentist.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F10%2FRadix-Entomolaris-and-Radix-Paramolaris-radiograph.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%
2F%2Fwww.juniordentist.com%2Fradix-entomolaris-radix-paramolaris.html&docid=KnHRU8-W3JDpJM&tbnid=C0Mqi4S3Gmq-FM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiwj72O66jmAhXN1FkKHRVDBSoQMwhcKAEwAQ..i&w=27
9&h=294&bih=686&biw=1440&q=supernumerary%20root&ved=0ahUKEwiwj72O66jmAhXN1FkKHRVDBSoQMwhcKAEwAQ&iact=mrc&uact=8

Enamel
pearls-https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jomfp.in%2Farticles%2F2009%2F13%2F2%2Fimages%2FJOralMaxillofacPathol_2009_13_2_93_57678_u1.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2F
www.jomfp.in%2FshowBackIssue.asp%3Fissn%3D0973-029X%3Byear%3D2009%3Bvolume%3D13%3Bissue%3D2%3Bmonth%3DJuly-December&docid=_HzGfylM2SbLaM&tbnid=go1k_ftvnrGCrM%3A&vet=1
0ahUKEwjd55qB7KjmAhU_FjQIHbHkDhsQMwheKA8wDw..i&w=837&h=587&bih=686&biw=1440&q=fusion%20oral%20pathology&ved=0ahUKEwjd55qB7KjmAhU_FjQIHbHkDhsQMwheKA8wDw&iact=mrc&uact
=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimg.rdhmag.com%2Ffiles%2Fbase%2Febm%2Frdh%2Fimage%2F2015%2F12%2F_3enamel_pearl_.png%3Fauto%3Dformat%26h%3D640%26w%3D6
40&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rdhmag.com%2Fpatient-care%2Fprosthodontics%2Farticle%2F16405288%2Fthe-elusive-enamel-pearl&docid=oLGax-q0n1lOmM&tbnid=NHAJSu5BNL3mxM%3A&vet=10a
hUKEwjEqZPH66jmAhUUP30KHYknBq4QMwhSKAMwAw..i&w=640&h=468&bih=686&biw=1440&q=enamel%20pearls%20oral%20pathology&ved=0ahUKEwjEqZPH66jmAhUUP30KHYknBq4QMwhSKAMwAw&
iact=mrc&uact=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedres.info%2Farticles-images%2Fbiomedres-pearls-root-area-28-3-1120-g003.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alliedacademies.org%2F
articles%2Fenamel-pearls-in-different-locations-of-the-roots-of-mandibular-and-maxillary-molars-case-report.html&docid=eztSUDMatgWtdM&tbnid=IrrAt6IqyA6JKM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwjEqZPH66jmAhUUP30KH
YknBq4QMwhXKAgwCA..i&w=571&h=418&bih=686&biw=1440&q=enamel%20pearls%20oral%20pathology&ved=0ahUKEwjEqZPH66jmAhUUP30KHYknBq4QMwhXKAgwCA&iact=mrc&uact=8

Fusion-

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fa%2Faa%2FMilk.teeth.fusion.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTooth
_fusion&docid=ZbrIYGEJBevIOM&tbnid=r_Oga2cylxX-vM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwjd55qB7KjmAhU_FjQIHbHkDhsQMwhQKAEwAQ..i&w=1568&h=1176&bih=686&biw=1440&q=fusion%20oral%20pathology&ved=0
ahUKEwjd55qB7KjmAhU_FjQIHbHkDhsQMwhQKAEwAQ&iact=mrc&uact=8
Works cited continued
Epstein pearls-

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.sciencephoto.com%2Fimage%2Fc0156137%2F800wm&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencephoto.com%2Fmedia%2F506682%2Fview%2
Fepstein-pearl-in-a-baby-s-mouth&docid=YOpcIcXFcoGKjM&tbnid=z0UQj99TlWmU8M%3A&vet=10ahUKEwjamN2Y76jmAhU8FzQIHWndDToQMwhyKAcwBw..i&w=800&h=605&bih=686&biw=1440&q=epstein%
20pearls&ved=0ahUKEwjamN2Y76jmAhU8FzQIHWndDToQMwhyKAcwBw&iact=mrc&uact=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fqph.fs.quoracdn.net%2Fmain-qimg-f0823e0c02d1ff17532678709006e600&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quora.com%2FWhat-is-an-Epstein-pearl&
docid=dCI2j5nU0vcIjM&tbnid=CtSenJi0YHdtiM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwjamN2Y76jmAhU8FzQIHWndDToQMwhtKAIwAg..i&w=356&h=402&bih=686&biw=1440&q=epstein%20pearls&ved=0ahUKEwjamN2Y76jmAh
U8FzQIHWndDToQMwhtKAIwAg&iact=mrc&uact=8

Ankyloglossia-

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southlakeent.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F04%2Fd8ed7caacab844119a8b9e07b1238816.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww
.southlakeent.com%2Fservices-procedures%2Fpediatric%2Fthroat%2Fankyloglossia&docid=KVU-Tw6xealhAM&tbnid=QfspmFjtYSxQoM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwidsKTT76jmAhVErVkKHY2kBUUQMwiVASgVMBU..
i&w=442&h=484&bih=686&biw=1440&q=ankyloglossia&ved=0ahUKEwidsKTT76jmAhVErVkKHY2kBUUQMwiVASgVMBU&iact=mrc&uact=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Filovemydds.com%2Fhome%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F04%2Ftongue-tied6.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Filovemydds.com%2Fhome%2
Fservices%2Ftongue-tied-ankyloglossia%2F&docid=6p5uqpaa5U724M&tbnid=hbmsOA5j_Afa5M%3A&vet=10ahUKEwidsKTT76jmAhVErVkKHY2kBUUQMwh6KAcwBw..i&w=450&h=379&bih=686&biw=1440&q=
ankyloglossia&ved=0ahUKEwidsKTT76jmAhVErVkKHY2kBUUQMwh6KAcwBw&iact=mrc&uact=8

Congenital syphilis-

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimage.slidesharecdn.com%2Fcongenitalsyphilis-140810152305-phpapp02%2F95%2Fcongenital-syphilis-34-638.jpg%3Fcb%3D1407684228&imgrefurl=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fswethapanneer%2Fcongenital-syphilis-37850099&docid=EU29td-7tYLHwM&tbnid=rjoX0S9XJ2Ww2M%3A&vet=10ahUKEwipnLOl8KjmAhXhKX0KHSFtD4wQMwhRKAI
wAg..i&w=638&h=479&bih=686&biw=1440&q=congenital%20syphilis%20mouth&ved=0ahUKEwipnLOl8KjmAhXhKX0KHSFtD4wQMwhRKAIwAg&iact=mrc&uact=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fi0.wp.com%2Fpost.healthline.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F06%2Fhutchinson-teeth-in-a-young-child-1296x728-body_slide1-1296x728.j
pg%3Fw%3D1155%26h%3D1528&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthline.com%2Fhealth%2Fhutchinson-teeth&docid=g_WkjIAWr3IJHM&tbnid=80eH8vL0TobJxM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwipnLOl8KjmAhXhKX
0KHSFtD4wQMwhXKAgwCA..i&w=1155&h=648&bih=686&biw=1440&q=congenital%20syphilis%20mouth&ved=0ahUKEwipnLOl8KjmAhXhKX0KHSFtD4wQMwhXKAgwCA&iact=mrc&uact=8
Works cited continued
Abfraction-

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fadental.files.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F12%2F7-13-13-abfraction.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fjoin.sleepgroupsolutions.com%2Fabfractions-are-d
ifficult-to-explain-to-patients-here-is-a-simplified-explanation%2F&docid=RRJIGQX8baRkUM&tbnid=Mrf4sQOBthN-lM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiplaSK8ajmAhVuGjQIHUyBCS8QMwhYKAkwCQ..i&w=1759&h=998&bi
h=686&biw=1440&q=abfraction%20mouth&ved=0ahUKEwiplaSK8ajmAhVuGjQIHUyBCS8QMwhYKAkwCQ&iact=mrc&uact=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fb%2Fbc%2FAbfraction.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAbfraction&
docid=HGQ_6PmdX2yEfM&tbnid=tQ4d4nkTI4jzdM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiplaSK8ajmAhVuGjQIHUyBCS8QMwhRKAIwAg..i&w=257&h=166&bih=686&biw=1440&q=abfraction%20mouth&ved=0ahUKEwiplaSK8aj
mAhVuGjQIHUyBCS8QMwhRKAIwAg&iact=mrc&uact=8

Aphthous ulcers-

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fdermnetnz.org%2Fassets%2FUploads%2Fsite-age-specific%2Faphth__ProtectWyJQcm90ZWN0Il0_FocusFillWzI5NCwyMjIsIngiLDFd.jpg&imgrefurl=htt
ps%3A%2F%2Fdermnetnz.org%2Ftopics%2Faphthous-ulcer%2F&docid=HzSM8qAB_4PNRM&tbnid=aXh_WhmdNpc4KM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiF0LvB8ajmAhURMH0KHXdDC_AQMwh6KAIwAg..i&w=294&h=22
2&bih=686&biw=1440&q=aphthous%20ulcers&ved=0ahUKEwiF0LvB8ajmAhURMH0KHXdDC_AQMwh6KAIwAg&iact=mrc&uact=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimg.medscapestatic.com%2Fpi%2Fmeds%2Fckb%2F00%2F41900tn.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Femedicine.medscape.com%2Farticle%2F867080
-overview&docid=09q180bQ0__yBM&tbnid=n7tcvcoMmD6QNM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiF0LvB8ajmAhURMH0KHXdDC_AQMwiBASgJMAk..i&w=380&h=252&bih=686&biw=1440&q=aphthous%20ulcers&ved=0ah
UKEwiF0LvB8ajmAhURMH0KHXdDC_AQMwiBASgJMAk&iact=mrc&uact=8

Ranula-

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nejm.org%2Fna101%2Fhome%2Fliteratum%2Fpublisher%2Fmms%2Fjournals%2Fcontent%2Fnejm%2F2012%2Fnejm_2012.367.issue-26%2Fnej
micm1202636%2Fproduction%2Fimages%2Fimg_large%2Fnejmicm1202636_f1.jpeg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nejm.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1056%2FNEJMicm1202636&docid=c6NZl6veGw6b5M&tb
nid=AiJKOnLsqpuRbM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwjH9Ovw8ajmAhViCjQIHadaDkwQMwh2KAEwAQ..i&w=1200&h=797&bih=686&biw=1440&q=ranula&ved=0ahUKEwjH9Ovw8ajmAhViCjQIHadaDkwQMwh2KAEwAQ&i
act=mrc&uact=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebmedicine.net%2Fmedia_library%2Fimages%2FVisual%2520Diagnosis%2FNew%2520images%2520for%2520VDx%2520large%2FRanula%252
0large(1).jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebmedicine.net%2Fcontent.php%3Faction%3DshowPage%26pid%3D338&docid=FnFyIVK2QpJ1dM&tbnid=oVf38tBSmg8d-M%3A&vet=10ahUKEwjH9Ovw8ajmA
hViCjQIHadaDkwQMwh7KAYwBg..i&w=461&h=346&bih=686&biw=1440&q=ranula&ved=0ahUKEwjH9Ovw8ajmAhViCjQIHadaDkwQMwh7KAYwBg&iact=mrc&uact=8
Works cited continued
Fordyce granules-

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.pinimg.com%2Foriginals%2F97%2F12%2F3d%2F97123dffb42dcecb0d798e9b5ec481ff.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%
2F226235581256862642%2F&docid=U_-LPXbuUAX_KM&tbnid=HKdrUCEIjLzbQM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiN_4iw8qjmAhVdJjQIHWnJBuIQMwhlKAkwCQ..i&w=492&h=336&bih=686&biw=1440&q=fordyce%20gran
ules%20mouth&ved=0ahUKEwiN_4iw8qjmAhVdJjQIHWnJBuIQMwhlKAkwCQ&iact=mrc&uact=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidoc.org%2Fimages%2F1%2F12%2FFordyce_spots_04.jpeg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidoc.org%2Findex.php%2FFordyce_spots&
docid=tWlkYX-kJsSJaM&tbnid=izBL7Ph9527ezM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiN_4iw8qjmAhVdJjQIHWnJBuIQMwhoKAwwDA..i&w=434&h=408&bih=686&biw=1440&q=fordyce%20granules%20mouth&ved=0ahUKEwiN
_4iw8qjmAhVdJjQIHWnJBuIQMwhoKAwwDA&iact=mrc&uact=8

Linea alba-

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.squarespace-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fv1%2F5740bb973c44d80a9c2f401d%2F1465830116107-28UMZ17TMMT08J5R5AD1%2Fke17ZwdGBTo
ddI8pDm48kDp1JsFzCAblEiydv3WMK3dZw-zPPgdn4jUwVcJE1ZvWhcwhEtWJXoshNdA9f1qD7eYzOKsynbf6SIIjIVpddg8eYLH6Kb7OY3vkQDnlSxlfeCXlOUA08jlQ15wR-MiQsg%2FInsights-from-local-plymouth-
mn-dentist.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.life-smiles.net%2Fdr-geislers-blog%2Fwhite-line-cheeks&docid=lKT_Yu-N_KV57M&tbnid=oaELC9E8zDK2pM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiw86mR86jmAhUkITQIHaYiD
ZkQMwhaKAAwAA..i&w=261&h=193&bih=686&biw=1440&q=linea%20alba%20mouth&ved=0ahUKEwiw86mR86jmAhUkITQIHaYiDZkQMwhaKAAwAA&iact=mrc&uact=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcds.org.uk%2Fee%2Fimages%2Fmade%2Fee%2Fimages%2Fuploads%2Fclinical%2Flinea_alba_-_bite_marks_400_270_70.jpg&imgrefurl=http%
3A%2F%2Fwww.pcds.org.uk%2Fclinical-guidance%2Foral-lesions&docid=OvzZJcgNaRxDyM&tbnid=PFwXn98iLXHYkM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiw86mR86jmAhUkITQIHaYiDZkQMwhfKAUwBQ..i&w=400&h=270&
bih=686&biw=1440&q=linea%20alba%20mouth&ved=0ahUKEwiw86mR86jmAhUkITQIHaYiDZkQMwhfKAUwBQ&iact=mrc&uact=8

Lichen planus-

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaom.com%2Fassets%2Fcondition-information%2Foral%2520lichen%2520planus%25201.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaom.com%2For
al-lichen-planus&docid=iLdrIYX0Xp85_M&tbnid=yOcm576U_LmtLM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwjol6-086jmAhX3GjQIHajJCwsQMwhhKAAwAA..i&w=268&h=179&bih=686&biw=1440&q=lichen%20planus%20oral%20ca
vity&ved=0ahUKEwjol6-086jmAhX3GjQIHajJCwsQMwhhKAAwAA&iact=mrc&uact=8

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fd3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net%2F3ac16191d584bef86b93eee5c13aca9d3eeb2710%2F15-Figure1-1.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.semantics
cholar.org%2Fpaper%2FOral-Lichen-Planus-Studies-of-factors-involved-in-Danielsson%2F3ac16191d584bef86b93eee5c13aca9d3eeb2710%2Ffigure%2F0&docid=QTIqq6HVWPiTtM&tbnid=ZWrRBbRL4ELhZM
%3A&vet=10ahUKEwjol6-086jmAhX3GjQIHajJCwsQMwiHASgZMBk..i&w=952&h=520&bih=686&biw=1440&q=lichen%20planus%20oral%20cavity&ved=0ahUKEwjol6-086jmAhX3GjQIHajJCwsQMwiHASgZMBk
&iact=mrc&uact=8