Punjab Group of Colleges (DHA Campus)

﷽
PHYSICS – Part II
NOTE: Highlighted questions are the most important

Chapter 12
Most Important Short Questions
1. Distinguish between electric field and electric field intensity.
2. Write down the four properties of electric field.
3. What is Electric flux? When will it be maximum or minimum?
4. State Gauss’s law. What is Gaussian surface? How can you apply the Gauss’s law to calculate the
electric field intensity?
 ΔV
5. Derive the relation between electric field and electric potential gradient. Or show that E = -
Δr
volt newton
6. Show that =
meter coulomb
7. Define electron volt. Prove that 1eV = 1.6 × 10-19 J
8. Convert 1 joule into electron volt.
9. Make a comparison between Electric and Gravitational forces?
10. Define time constant. Prove that t = RC.

Exercise Short Questions

11. How can you identify which plate of capacitor is positively charged?
12. Electric Field lines of force never cross. Why?
13. If a point charge “q” of mass “m” is released in a non- uniform electric field with field lines pointing in the
same direction, will it make rectilinear motion?
14. If “E” necessary zero inside a charged rubber balloon if balloon is sphere? Assume that charge is
distributed uniformly over the surface.
15. Do Electrons tends to go to the region of high potential or low potential?

Long Questions
1. Define Gauss’s law. Application of Gauss’s law.
2. What is electric potential? Find electric potential at a point due to a point charge.
3. Define the capacitor. And derive the relation for capacitance of the capacitor.
4. Derive an expression for energy stored by the capacitor.
Numerical Problem
Example: 12.4, 12.6
Numerical: 12.1, 12.7, 12.12, 12.13

Engr. Rana Zeeshan Maqsood 1

Physics Lecturer; Punjab Group of Colleges DHA Campus
Email: Zeeshanshani841@gmail.com Phone: 03034151308
 Punjab Group of Colleges (DHA Campus)
Chapter 13
Most Important Short Questions

1. Define temperature coefficient of resistance and temperature coefficient of resistivity.

2. Define rheostat. Write its two uses.
3. Define thermistor. Write its uses.
4. State Kirchhoff’s 1st and 2nd rule. Also write its mathematical form.

Exercise Short Questions

5. A potential difference is applied across the ends of a copper wire. What is the effect on the drift
velocity of free electrons by:
(i) Increasing the potential difference
(ii)Decreasing the length and temperature of the wire
6. Do bend in wire affect its electrical resistance? Explain.
7. Why does resistance of conductor rise with the temperature?
8. Is the filament resistance lower or higher in 500W, 220V light bulb than in 100W, 220V light bulb?
9. Describe a circuit which will give continuously varying potential.
10. Explain why the terminal potential difference of the battery decreases when the current drawn from
it is increased?
11. What is Wheatstone bridge? How can it be used to determine the unknown resistance?

Long Questions
1. Explain Kirchhoff’s rules in detail.
2. What is Wheatstone bridge? How it can be used to find unknown resistance?
3. What is potentiometer? Discuss the construction and working of potentiometer in detail.

Numerical Problem
Example: 13.2, 13.3, 13.4
Numerical: 13.4, 13.5

Engr. Rana Zeeshan Maqsood 2

Physics Lecturer; Punjab Group of Colleges DHA Campus
Email: Zeeshanshani841@gmail.com Phone: 03034151308
 Punjab Group of Colleges (DHA Campus)
Chapter 14
Most Important Short Questions

1. Differentiate between magnetic flux and magnetic flux density.

2. Define Amperes’ law. Write its mathematical form.
3. What is Lorentz Force?
4. What is CRO? Write its components and uses.
5. What is the function of grid in CRO?

Exercise Short Questions

6. Describe the change in the magnetic field inside a solenoid carrying a steady current I, if

(a) the length is doubled but number of turns remains same and
(b) the number of turns is doubled, but the length remains the same.
7. Suppose that a charge q is moving in a uniform magnetic field with a velocity “v”. why there is no
magnetic force that acts on the charge q?
8. If a charge particle moves in a straight line through some region of space, can you say that the
magnetic field in a region is zero?
9. Why does the picture on a T.V screen become distorted when a magnet is brought near the
screen?
10. Is it possible to orient a current loop in a uniform magnetic field such that loop will not tend to
rotate? Explain.
11. How can a current loop be used to determine the presence of magnetic field in a region of space?
12. How can you use a magnetic field to separate isotopes of chemical elements?

Long Questions
1. Define Ampere’ Law. Calculate the magnetic field due to current carrying solenoid using Ampere’s
Law.
2. Derive the expression for force on moving charge in uniform magnetic field. Also determine its
direction.
3. Describe, how can we determine the e/m ratio of an electron.
4. Derive the expression for the torque acting on the current carrying coil in uniform magnetic field.

Numerical Problem
Example: 14.2, 14.4
Numerical: 14.1, 14.2, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7

Engr. Rana Zeeshan Maqsood 3

Physics Lecturer; Punjab Group of Colleges DHA Campus
Email: Zeeshanshani841@gmail.com Phone: 03034151308
 Punjab Group of Colleges (DHA Campus)
Chapter 15
Most Important Short Questions

1. Define induced emf and induced current.

2. Define motional emf. Write its formula.
3. State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Write its formula and unit.
4. State Lenz’s law.
5. Define mutual induction. On which factors it depends?
6. Define self-inductance. On which factors it depends?
7. What is difference between mutual inductance and self-inductance?

Exercise Short Questions

8. Does the induced emf in a circuit depend on the resistance of the circuit? Does the induced
current depend as the resistance of the circuit?
9. Does the induced emf always act to decrease the magnetic flux through a circuit?
10. How would you position a flat loop of wire in a changing magnetic field so that there is no emf
induced in the loop?
11. In a certain region the earth’s magnetic field point vertically down. When a plane flies due to north,
which wingtip is positively charged?
∆φ
12. Show that ε and have the same units.
∆t
13. Is it possible to change both the area of the loop and the magnetic field passing through the loop
and still not have induced emf in the loop?

Long Questions
1. Define motional emf. Drive relation for motional emf.
2. State and drive Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
3. Drive an expression for energy stored in an inductor. Also define energy density.
4. Discuss the principle, construction, and working of an alternating current generator. Also find the
expression for induced emf and current.

Numerical Problem
Example: 15.1, 15.3
Numerical: 15.1, 15.5, 15.7, 15.10, 15.11, 15.17

Engr. Rana Zeeshan Maqsood 4

Physics Lecturer; Punjab Group of Colleges DHA Campus
Email: Zeeshanshani841@gmail.com Phone: 03034151308
 Punjab Group of Colleges (DHA Campus)
Chapter 16
Most Important Short Questions

1. Define peak value, peak to peak value and rms value.

2. What is meant by capacitive and inductive reactance?
3. Define impedance. Write its formula and unit.
4. Write three properties of R-L-C series circuit and R-L-C parallel circuit.
5. Write main advantages of three phase supply.

Exercise Short Questions

6. A sinusoidal current has rms value of 10A. What is the maximum or peak value?
7. Name the device that will
(a) Permit flow of direct current but opposes the flow of alternating current.
(b) Permit flow of alternating current but not the direct current.
8. How many times per second will an incandescent lamp reach maximum brilliance when connected
to a 50Hz source?
9. How does doubling the frequency affect the reactance of
(a) an inductor (b) a capacitor
10. In R – L circuit, will the current lag or lead the voltage? Illustrate your answer by a vector
diagram.

Long Questions
1. Explain AC through capacitor and inductor.
2. Explain AC through R-L and R-C circuit.
3. Explain RLC series resonance circuit.

Numerical Problem
Example: 16.1, 16.2, 16.7
Numerical: 16.3, 16.4, 16.7, 16.8, 16.9

Engr. Rana Zeeshan Maqsood 5

Physics Lecturer; Punjab Group of Colleges DHA Campus
Email: Zeeshanshani841@gmail.com Phone: 03034151308
 Punjab Group of Colleges (DHA Campus)
Chapter 17
Most Important Short Questions

1. What is the difference between ductile and brittle substance?

2. Define saturation and remanence of hysteresis loop.

Exercise Short Questions

3. Define modulus of elasticity. Show that units of modulus of elasticity and stress are the same. Also
discuss its types.
4. Define strain energy. Write its formula. How can it be determined from force-extension graph?
5. Define stress and strain. What are their S.I units?
6. Draw a stress-strain curve for a ductile material and then define the terms; Elastic limit, yield
point and ultimate tensile strength.
7. Write a note on super conductors.
8. Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors.
9. What is meant by para, Dia and ferromagnetic substance. Give their examples.
10. What is meant by hysteresis loss? How is it used in the construction of transformer?

Long Questions
1. Explain strain energy in detail.
2. Explain energy band theory in detail.
3. Explain the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors.
4. Explain in detail the hysteresis loop.

Numerical Problem
Numerical: 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4

Engr. Rana Zeeshan Maqsood 6

Physics Lecturer; Punjab Group of Colleges DHA Campus
Email: Zeeshanshani841@gmail.com Phone: 03034151308
 Punjab Group of Colleges (DHA Campus)
Chapter 18
Most Important Short Questions

1. Define depletion region and potential barrier.

2. .Define rectification and rectifier
3. .What is photodiode? Write its any three application
4. .What is LED? Write its uses
5. .Write down charactersitics of operational amplifier.

Exercise Short Questions

6. How does the motion of an electron in n – types substance differ from the motion of holes in a p –
type substance?
7. What is the net charge on a n – type or a p – types substance?
8. The anode of a diode is 0.2 V positive with respect to its cathode. Is it forward biased?
9. Why charge carriers are not present in the depletion region?
10. Why ordinary silicon diodes do not emit light?
11. Why a photo diode is operated in reverse biased state?
12. Why is the base current in a transistor very small?
13. What is the biasing requirement of the junctions of a transistor for its normal operation? Explain how
these requirements are met in a common emitter amplifier?

Long Questions
1. Rectification
2. Transistor as an amplifier
3. Operational amplifier as inverting and non-inverting.

Numerical Problem
Example: 18.1
Numerical: 18.1, 18.5

Engr. Rana Zeeshan Maqsood 7

Physics Lecturer; Punjab Group of Colleges DHA Campus
Email: Zeeshanshani841@gmail.com Phone: 03034151308
 Punjab Group of Colleges (DHA Campus)
Chapter 19
Most Important Short Questions

1. What is Wien’s Displacement Law?

2. What is Stephan-Boltzmann Law?
3. Define photoelectric effect, stopping potential and threshold frequency.
4. What is Compton’ effect? Write formula for Compton shift.
5. Define photocell. Write down its four uses or applications.
6. Define Pair production. What is condition for pair production?
7. State uncertainty principle. Give its two statement and mathematical form.

Exercise Short Questions

8. As a solid heated and begins to glow, why does it first appear red?
9. What happens to total radiation from a black body if its absolute temperature is doubled?
10. A beam of red light and a beam of blue light have exactly the same energy. Which beam contains the
greater number of photons?
11. Which photon, red, green, or blue carriers the most (a) energy and (b) momentum?
12. Which has the lower energy quanta? Radio waves or X – rays?
13. Does the brightness of a beam of light primarily depends on the frequency of photons or on the number
of photons?
14. Will bright light eject more electrons from a metal surface than dimmer light of the same colour?
15. Will higher frequency light eject greater number of electrons that low frequency light?
16. When light shines on a surface, is momentum transferred to the metal surface?
17. Why don’t we observe Compton effect with visible light?
18. Can pain production take place in vacuum? Explain.
19. Is it possible to create a single electron from energy? Explain.
20. If an electron and a proton have the same de Broglie wavelength, which particle has greater
speed?
21. We do not notice the de Broglie wavelength for a pitched cricket ball. Explain why?
22. When does light behave as a wave? When does it behave as a particle?
23. What advantages an electron microscope has over an optical microscope?
Long Questions
1. Write a note on Compton’s effect.
2. Discuss the photoelectric effect on the basis of classical and quantum theory.
3. Explain the Davisson and Germer experiment in detail.
4. State and explain uncertainty principle. Also give its two mathematical form.

Numerical Problem
Example: 19.5, 19.8, 19.9, 19.11
Numerical: 19.5, 19.7, 19.9, 19.10

Engr. Rana Zeeshan Maqsood 8

Physics Lecturer; Punjab Group of Colleges DHA Campus
Email: Zeeshanshani841@gmail.com Phone: 03034151308
 Punjab Group of Colleges (DHA Campus)
Chapter 20
Most Important Short Questions

1. Give postulates of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom.

2. Define ground state, excited state and excitation potential.
3. What is meant by CAT-Scanner?
4. Write two uses of laser in medicine and two uses in industry.

Exercise Short Questions

5. Can the electron in the ground state of hydrogen absorb a photon of energy 13.6eV and greater
than 13.6eV?
6. Is energy conserved when an atom emits a photon of light?
7. What do we mean when we say that the atom is excited?
8. Can X – rays be reflected, refracted, diffracted and polarized just like any other waves? Explain.
9. What are the advantages of lasers over ordinary light?
10. Explain why laser action could not occur without population inversion between atomic levels?

Long Questions
1. Explain Bohr’s atomic model of hydrogen in detail.
2. Write down the postulates of Bohr’s atomic model. Show that Bohr radii and their energies are
quantized.
3. What are X-rays? How x-rays are produced?
4. What is Laser? Write down its properties. Explain how Helium-neon laser works?

Numerical Problem
Example: 20.1
Numerical: 20.3, 20.7, 20.8, 20.9

Engr. Rana Zeeshan Maqsood 9

Physics Lecturer; Punjab Group of Colleges DHA Campus
Email: Zeeshanshani841@gmail.com Phone: 03034151308
 Punjab Group of Colleges (DHA Campus)
Chapter 21
Most Important Short Questions

1. Define mass defect and binding energy.

2. Prove that 1 amu (1.66 × 10-27 kg) = 931 MeV Or
How much energy in released when 1 amu is converted into energy?
3. Define half-life of a radioactive element. Write its formula.
4. Define decay constant. Write its formula and unit.
5. State two sources of radiations in Geiger Muller Counter.
6. Define fission and fusion reaction.
7. What do you mean by critical volume?
8. What are basic forces of nature.
9. What are hadrons and leptons?

Exercise Short Questions

10. Why are heavy nuclei unstable?
11. If a nucleus has a half-life of 1 year, does this mean that it will be completely decayed after 2
years? Explain.
12. A particle which produces more ionizing is less penetrating. Why?
13. What information is revealed by the length and shape of the tracks of an incident particle in
Wilson cloud chamber?
14. What do we mean by the term critical mass?
15. What do you understand by “background radiation”? State two sources of this radiation.

Numerical Problem
Example: 21.1 Numerical: 21.1, 21.3, 21.4, 21.5, 21.7

Engr. Rana Zeeshan Maqsood 10

Physics Lecturer; Punjab Group of Colleges DHA Campus
Email: Zeeshanshani841@gmail.com Phone: 03034151308