II PU PHYSICS MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Ch 1. ELCTRIC CHARGES & FIELDS

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Derive an expression for the electric field due to an electric dipole at a point on the axial
line.
2. Derive the expression for electric field at a point on the equatorial plane of an electric dipole.
OR
Obtain an expression for electric field on the equatorial plane of an electric dipole.
3. Derive the expression for the electric field due to an infinitely long charged straight
conductor using Gauss law.
OR
Derive the expression for the electric field due to an infinitely long thin charged straight
wire using Gauss law.
OR
State Gauss’s law in electrostatics. Derive the expression for electric field at a point due to
an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire using Gauss’s law.
4. State Gauss law in electrostatics. Using the law, derive an expression for the electric field
due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell at a point outside the shell.
OR
Derive an expression for electric field at a point outside uniformly charged spherical shell
placed in vacuum using Gauss law.
OR
Using Gauss law in electrostatics, obtain the expression for electric field due to a uniformly
charged thin spherical shell at a point (i) outside the shell and (ii) inside the shell.
5. Obtain the expression for electric field due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet using
Gauss law.
6. What is an electric field line? Write the four general properties of electric field lines.

THREE MARK QUESTIONS

7. Mention any three properties of electric charges.
8. Write three properties of electric field lines.
9. State superposition principle for forces. Apply it to find the force on a point charge due to
system of ‘n’ point charges.
10. State superposition principle of fields. Apply it to find the electric field due to system of ‘n’
point charges.
11. Derive the expression for torque on a dipole placed in uniform electric field.

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

12. State and explain coulomb’s law in electrostatics.
13. Write Coulomb’s law in vector form. Explain the terms.
14. Sketch the electric lines of force due to a point charge q if (i) q<0 and (ii) q>0.
15. State and explain Gauss law in electrostatics.
16. Draw electric field line of: (i) pair of two equal and opposite charges (a dipole) (ii) pair of two
equal and same charges.

Ch 2. ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Derive the expression for the electric potential energy of an electric dipole placed in a
uniform electric field.
2. Derive the expression for the equivalent capacitance of two capacitors connected in series.

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3. Derive the expression for the equivalent capacitance of two capacitors connected in parallel.

THREE MARK QUESTIONS

4. Derive the relation between electric field and electric potential due to a point charge.
5. Derive the expression for electric potential at a point due to a point charge.
6. Derive the expression for potential energy of system of two charges in the absence of
external electric field.
7. Derive the expression for potential energy of system of two charges in an external electric
field.
8. Derive the expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air as medium.
9. On what factor does the capacitance of parallel plate capacitors depends?
10. Mention any three properties of equipotential surfaces.
11. Deduce the potential energy stored in an electric dipole placed in uniform electric field.

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

12. Draw equipotential surface for (a) positive point charge (b) an uniform electric field.
13. Write any two differences between polar and non-polar molecules
14. What is electrostatic shielding? Mention its application.
15. Discuss when energy stored in the dipole placed in uniform electric field is (a) minimum
and (b) maximum?

Ch 3. CURRENT ELECTRICITY
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Obtain the expression for balanced condition of the Whetstone’s network.
2. Derive the expression for equivalent emf and internal resistance when two cells of different
emf and internal resistance are connected in series combination.
3. Derive the expression for equivalent emf and internal resistance when two cells of different
emf and internal resistance are connected in parallel combination.
4. Assuming the expression for drift velocity, derive the expression for conductivity of a
ne 2 
material  = . Where symbols have usual meaning. Define the term mobility.
m
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
5. Derive the expression for drift velocity in terms of relaxation time
6. Derive the expression for electrical conductivity of a material in terms of relaxation time
7. Derive the relation J =  E (Equivalent form of Ohm’s law).
8. Draw Wheatstone’s bridge circuit and write the condition for its balance
9. Deduce the relation between electron current and drift velocity of free electrons. OR Derive
I = neAv d

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

10. Write the expression for drift velocity of electrons and explain the terms.
11. State and explain Ohm’s law.
12. Mention the limitations of Ohm’s law.
13. What is ohmic device? Give an example
14. On What factors does the resistance of a conductor depend?
15. Represent graphically the variation of resistivity of (i) copper (ii) nichrome with absolute
temperature.
16. Obtain the relation between Curren (I), emf (E) and resistance (R) of a cell

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 Ch 4. MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Using Biot-Savart’s law, derive the expression for the magnetic field at a point along the
axis of a current loop (circular coil).
2. Derive the expression for force between two parallel current carrying conductors. Hence
define ampere.
3. Write the principle of moving coil galvanometer. Draw the ray diagram moving coil
galvanometer with labelling and explain the theory.
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
4. State and explain Laplace’s law (Biot- Savart’s Law) and write its mathematical expression
in vector form
5. State and explain Ampere’s circuital Law.
6. Derive the expression for magnetic field at a point due to a long straight

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

7. Mention the expression for force experienced by a charged particle moving in uniform
magnetic field and explain the terms
8. When is the force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field (i) minimum
(ii) maximum?
9. When is the force experienced by a straight current carrying conductor in a magnetic field
(i) minimum (ii) maximum?
10. Write the expression for force between two long parallel current carrying conductors. Hence
define ampere.
11. What is the nature of the force between two long straight parallel conductors when they
carry currents in the (i) same direction? (ii) opposite direction?
12. Write the two reasons to show that, ‘the galvanometer as such cannot be used as an
ammeter’.
13. Mention the method of converting a galvanometer into (i) an ammeter (ii) a voltmeter.
14. Explain with a circuit diagram how a galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter.
15. Explain with a circuit diagram how a galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter.
16. Draw the magnetic field lines due to a circular loop.
Ch 5. MAGNETISM AND MATTER
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Mention the properties of magnetic field lines.
2. Mention the properties of ferromagnetic materials. Give an example.
3. Mention three distinguishing properties of diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials
4. Distinguish between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic materials on the basis of relative
permeability and susceptibility
5. Mention three distinguishing properties of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials
6. Mention three properties of diamagnetic materials
7. Mention three properties of ferromagnetic materials
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
8. State and explain Gauss law of magnetism
9. Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines for a bar magnet.
10. Define magnetisation. Mention its SI unit.
11. For which type of material magnetic susceptibility is low and positive
12. Obtain the relation between relative permeability and magnetic susceptibility.

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 Ch 6. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Derive an expression for instantaneous induced emf in an A.C generator.
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
2. State and explain Lenz’s law for induced emf.
3. Derive an expression for electromotive force (motional EMF) induced in a rod moving
perpendicular to the uniform magnetic field.
4. Derive the expression for motional EMF induced in a conductor moving in a uniform
magnetic field.
5. Derive the expression for energy stored in a current carrying coil.
6. Explain briefly the coil and magnet experiment to demonstrate electromagnetic induction.
7. Mention any three applications of eddy currents.
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
8. Mention any two advantages of eddy currents in the practical applications.
9. What are eddy currents? Give one use of it.
10. Current in a coil falls from 2.5 A to 0.0 A in 0.1 second inducing an emf of 200V. Calculate
the value of self-inductance.
11. The current in a coil of self-inductance 5mH changes from 2.5 A to 2.0 A in 0.01 second.
Calculate the value of self-induced emf.
12. What is meant by self-inductance and mutual inductance?
13. State and explain Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
14. The magnetic flux linked with a coil varies as  = 3t 2 + 4t + 9. Find the magnitude of the
emf induced at t = 2s.
15. Mention any two factors on which the self-induction of a coil depends. [Jul 2018,
16. The current through a coil of 2mH changes from zero ampere to 5 mA in 0.1 second What
is the emf induced in the coil?
17. The current in a coil falls from 25 mA to 0 mA in 1 ms and induces an emf of 10 V in it.
Find the self- inductance of the coil.
Ch 7. ALTERNATIG CURRENT
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Arrive at the expression for the impedance of a series LCR circuit using phasor diagram
method and hence write the expression for the current through the circuit.

2. Show that the current lags the voltage by in an AC circuit containing a pure inductor.
2
Draw the phasor diagram for it.

3. Show that the voltage leads current by an AC circuit containing pure inductor.
2
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
4. Explain the construction of the transformer. Mention its principle.
5. Derive an expression for resonant frequency of series circuit containing inductor, capacitor
and resistor.

6. Show that voltage leads current by , when A.C. voltage applied to pure inductance.
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7. What is the principle behind the working of a transformer? Mention any two sources of
energy loss in transformer. [Jul 2015, Mar 2016]
8. With a diagram, explain the working of a transformer.
9. What is transformer? Mention two sources of energy loss in a transformer.

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10. Mention the three types energy loss in a transformer.
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
11. What is a Transformer? Mention any one Sources of energy loss.
12. Mention two sources of energy loss in transformer.
13. What is resonant frequency? Write the expression for resonant frequency.
14. Give the working principle of AC generator. Why the current generated by it is called
alternating current?
15. What is transformer? On which principle it works?
Ch 8. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
1. Who predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves? Give the wavelength range of
electromagnetic spectrum.
2. Give any two uses of microwaves.
3. Mention two applications of infrared radiation.
4. What is displacement current? Write the expression for displacement current.
5. What are electromagnetic waves? Write the expression for the velocity of electromagnetic
waves in terms of permittivity and permeability of free space.
6. Write Maxwell’s equation for the speed of electromagnetic waves and explain the terms.
7. Give any two applications of X-rays.
8. Give any two applications of Ultraviolet radiations.

Ch 9. RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Derive the expression for the refractive index of the material of a prism in terms of the angle
of the prism and angle of minimum deviation.
2. Derive an expression for equivalent focal length of two thin lenses kept in contact.
3. Derive Lens Maker's formula for a convex lens.
4. Deduce the relation between n, u, v, R for refraction at a spherical surface, where the
symbols have their usual meaning.
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
5. Mention three applications of total internal reflection of light.
6. What is total internal reflection? Mention two applications of optical fibers.
7. Define critical angle. Write two conditions for total internal reflection.
8. Derive the relation between focal length and radius of curvature of a concave mirror.
9. Give the reasons for the following statements:
a) The sun is visible a little before the actual sunrise and until a little after the actual
sunset.
b) The sky appears blue.
10. Mention any three uses of optical fibers.
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
11. State the laws of refraction.
12. Draw the ray diagram of image formation in case of compound microscope.
13. Write the two conditions for total internal reflection to takes place.
14. Write the ray diagram for formation of image in the simple microscope.
15. Define power of a lens. How does the power of a lens vary with its focal length?

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 Ch 10. WAVE OPTICS
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Give the theory of interference and explain the conditions for constructive and destructive
interference of light.
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
1. What is interference? Write the conditions for path difference in case of constructive and
destructive interference
2. Explain Young’s double slit experiment.
3. Mention any three applications of polaroids.
4. Write any three differences between interference and diffraction
5. Arrive at Snell’s law of refraction, using Huygen’s principle for refraction of a plane wave.
6. Using Huygens principle, show that the angle of incidence is equal angle of reflection during
a plane wave front reflected by a plane surface.
7. Using Huygens principle, show that angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection.
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
8. Explain Malus law for polaroids.
9. Mention two applications of polaroids.
10. What is polarization of light? Name any method of producing plane polarized light
11. What is diffraction of light?
Ch 11. DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Write the experimental observations of photoelectric effect.
2. Define photoelectric work function. Write the four experimental observations of
photoelectric effect.
3. Write Einstein’s equation of photoelectric effect. Give Einstein’s explanation of
photoelectric effect.
4. Explain Hallwach’s and Lenard’s observations on photoelectric effect. Define (a) work
function (b) threshold frequency (c) stopping potential.

THREE MARK QUESTIONS

5. Define the terms (a) work function (b) threshold frequency (c) stopping potential.
6. Name the three types of electron emission.
7. What are matter waves? Write the expression for de-Broglie wavelength of a particle and
explain the terms.
8. Define work function. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation and explain the terms.
9. Give three characteristics of photons
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
10. Define (i) Photoelectric work function (ii) electron volt (eV).
11. What are de-Broglie waves? How does the de-Broglie wavelength vary with momentum of
moving particle.
12. Write the expression for de-Broglie wavelength of electrons in terms of electric potential
and explain the terms used.
13. Write the expression for de-Broglie wavelength of a charged particle and explain the
terms.
14. An alpha particle, a proton and an electron are moving with equal kinetic energy. Which
one of these particles has the longest de Broglie wavelength? Give reason

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 Ch 12. ATOMS
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Write three postulates of Bohr. Mention two limitations of Bohr model. Derive an expression
for total energy of an electron in stationary orbit of hydrogen atom. Using Bohr's postulates,
derive the expression for the radius of nth stationary orbit of electron in hydrogen atom.
Hence write the expression for Bohr radius.
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
2. By assuming Bohr’s postulates derive an expression for radius of nth orbit of electron,
revolving round the nucleus of hydrogen atom.
3. State Bohr’s postulates.
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
4. Write the limitations of Bohr's atomic model.
5. Draw the labelled diagram representing the schematic arrangement of Geiger-Marsden
experiment for alpha-particle scattering.

Ch 13. NUCLEI
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
1. State any three features of nuclear force.
2. Define 'mass defect' and 'binding energy' of a nucleus. Write the relation between them.
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
3. What are isotopes and isobars?
4. Write Any two characteristics of nuclear force.
5. What are isobars? Give example.

Ch 14. SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Explain the formation of energy bands in solids. On the basis of energy bands distinguish
between a metal, a semiconductor and an insulator.
2. What is rectification? Explain the working of p-n junction diode as a full wave rectifier with
circuit diagram. Give input and output wave forms.
3. What is rectification? Explain the working of a p-n junction diode as a half wave rectifier.
Draw the input and output waveforms.
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
4. Give any three differences between n-type and p-type semiconductors
5. Distinguish between conductor and semiconductor on the basis of band theory of solids.
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
6. What are intrinsic semiconductors? Name the element used as a dopant to obtain P-type
semiconductor.
7. Explain 'Conduction band' Valence band' and 'Energy gap', in semiconductors.
8. Give any three differences between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
9. Explain the working of p-n junction diode in forward bias.