GR 12 2020 Step Ahead Document - Questions

PROVINCE OF KWAZULU-NATAL
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
GRADE 12
LIFE SCIENCES
STEP AHEAD PROGRAM

Learner’s Book
January 2021
CONTENTS
No Topic Page
1. Nucleic Acids 1
2. Meiosis 14
3. Reproductive Strategies 27
4. Human Reproduction 33
5. Genetics 64
6. Nervous Co-ordination 86
7. Endocrine System 108
8. Homeostasis 114
9. Plant Hormones 119
10. Evolution 133

TOPIC ASPECT
P2
ial
20
18
Tr
Reproduction in Diversity in reproductive strategies ü
vertebrates
Human reproduction Male reproductive system
Female reproductive system
Puberty
Menstrual cycle (incl hormones)
Development of foetus
Responding to the The brain
environment: Neurons, reflex actions and reflex arcs
Humans Peripheral nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Structure and functions of parts of the
eye
Accommodation
Pupillary mechanism
Visual defects
Structure and functions of parts of the
ear
Hearing
Balance
Hearing defects
Human endocrine Glands and the hormones they secrete
system Negative feedback - glucose
Negative feedback - thyroxin
Homeostasis in Negative feedback - glucose
humans Negative feedback - carbon dioxide
Negative feedback - water
Negative feedback – salts
The role of the skin on hot and cold
days
Responding to the Functions of auxins, gibberellins and
environment: Plants abscisic acid
Role of auxins in phototropism and
geotropism
Meiosis The process of meiosis using diagrams ü ü
Significance of meiosis ü
Differences between meiosis I and ü
meiosis II
Non-disjunction
TOPIC ASPECT DBE N DBE
2015(L) F/M
2018
Trial
P2
2016
DNA – The Code of Structure of DNA and RNA ü ü
Life Differences between DNA and RNA
DNA replication ü ü
Protein synthesis ü ü
Genetics and Genetic terminology ü ü
inheritance Complete dominance ü ü
Incomplete dominance ü
Co-dominance ü
Inheritance of sex
Sex-linked characteristics ü ü
Dihybrid crossing ü ü
Mutations ü
Pedigree diagrams ü ü
Genetic modification ü
Stem cell and cloning
Paternity testing and DNA profiling ü ü
Evolution Evidence for evolution ü ü
Sources of variation ü ü
Lamarck and Darwin’s theories ü ü
Natural and artificial selection ü ü
Punctuated equilibrium ü
Speciation ü ü
Mechanisms for reproductive isolation ü ü
Evolution in present times ü ü
Human evolution: similarities with ü
African apes
Human evolution: differences with ü ü
African apes
Trends in human evolution ü ü
Out of Africa hypothesis ü ü
Phylogenetic trees ü ü
Draw a line graph

Draw a bar graph ü ü
Draw a histogram
Draw a pie chart
Skills Draw diagrams
Interpret graphs ü
Extracts ü
Calculation ü ü
Sc investigations ü ü
Paragraph questions ü ü
Terminology ü ü
Interpret tables
Nucleic Acids
Question 1
QP: FEB/MARCH 2018; P2; Q1.4
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1
Question 2
QP: NOV 2011,P1,Version 1,Q4.1&4.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2
Question 3
QP: FEB/MARCH 2015, P2,Q1.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3
Question 4
QP: FEB/MARCH 2016,P2,Q3.1
4.1
4.2
Question 5
QP: MAY/JUNE 2016,P2, Q4
Question 6
QP: NOV 2011, Version 1(FT),Q4.2
6.1
6.2
4
Question 7
7.1
7.2 7.1
7.3
7.4
7.5
(8)
5
Question 8
QP: JUNE/JULY 2015, P2, Q2.4
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
6
Question 9
QP: NOV 2018,P2, Q4
Question:10
QP: NOV 2010,P1, Q1.5
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
7
Question 11
QP: NOV. 2008,P1,Q2.1
11.1
11.2
11.3
(8)
8
Question 12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
9
Question 13
QP: NOV 2017,P2,Q 2.1
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
QUESTION 13.4 (a) will have on the resulting protein.
13.5
10
Question 14
QP: JUNE/JULY 2015,P2,Q2.3
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
11
Question 15
QP: NOV 2016,P2,Q2.5
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
12
Life Sciences/P2 10 DBE/2017
SCE
Question 16 SCE
QP: MAY/JUNE 2017,P2,Q2.3
2.3 A species of bacteria contains a type of protein, called protein 1. A mutation
2.3occurred
A species
whichof resulted
bacteria contains
in the aformation
type of protein, called protein
of a second type1.ofA protein
mutation called
occurred which resulted in the formation of a second type of protein called
protein 2, instead of protein 1.
protein 2, instead of protein 1.
Scientists determined
Scientists determinedthe
theamino
amino acid sequenceof of
acid sequence eacheach protein.
protein. They They
then then
used used
the amino
the aminoacid sequence
acid sequence to
to find theDNA
find the DNAbase
base sequences
sequences that coded
that coded
for portions
for portions of these
of these proteins.
proteins.
The results
The results are are shown
shown in inthe
thetables
tables below.
below.
PORTION OF PROTEIN 1
PORTION
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE LysineOF PROTEIN
Serine 1 Proline Cysteine
AMINO ACID
DNA SEQUENCE
BASE SEQUENCE Lysine
TTT Serine
TCA Proline ACG
GGT Cysteine
DNA BASE SEQUENCE TTT TCA GGT ACG
PORTION OF PROTEIN 2
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE LysineOF PROTEIN
PORTION Serine 2 Proline Tryptophan
DNA BASE SEQUENCE TTT TCA GGT ACC
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE Lysine Serine Proline Tryptophan
DNA BASE
2.3.1 SEQUENCE
Give the: TTT TCA GGT ACC
16.1
2.3.1 Give(a)the:DNA triplet for the third amino acid from the left in the
sequence for protein 2 (1)
(a) (b)DNA triplet for the third amino acid from the left in the
Codon for lysine (1)
sequence for protein 2 (1)
(c) Anticodon for serine (1)
(b) Codon for lysine (1)
2.3.2 Protein 1 is made up of 66 amino acids.
(c) How
Anticodon for serine
many of EACH of the following is involved in the formation of
(1)
16.2
this protein?
2.3.2 Protein 1 is made up of 66 amino acids.
(a) Genes (1)
How many of EACH of the following is involved in the formation of
this (b) RNA nucleotides
protein? (1)
(c) Codons (1)

(a) Genes (1)
2.3.3 Describe how the mutation caused a change in the structure of the
(b) protein.
RNA nucleotides (4) (1)
(10)
(c) Codons (1)
16.3 2.3.3 Describe how the mutation caused a change in the structure of the
protein. (4)
(10)
Question 17
QP: NOV 2015,P2,Q4
Copyright reserved Please turn over
13
MEIOSIS
Question 1
QP: P1 FEB – MAR 2018 Q 3.3.
14
Question 2
QP: P2 May-Jun 2017 Q 3.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
15
Question 3
QP: P2 NOV 2016 Q : 2.2
3.1
3.2
3.3.
16
Question 4
QP: P1 Nov 2016 Q 1.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
17
Question 5
QP:P2 May-June 2018 Q 1.6
5.1
5.2
5.3
18
Question 6
QP: P1 NOV 2017 Q 2.3
6.1
6.2 5.1
6.3
6.4
19
Question 7
QP: P2 FEB – MAR 2017 Q 1.5
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
20
Question 8
QP: P2 FEB-MAR 2018 Q 2.1
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
21
Question 9
QP: P1 NOV 2012 V1 Q 2.1
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
22
Question 10
QP: P2 NOV 2015 Q 2.3
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
23
Question 11
QP: P2 NOV 2018 Q 2.1
11.1
11.2
11.3
24
Question 12
QP: P2 FEB-MAR 2015 3.1
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.2
12.4
25
Question 13
QP: P2 NOV 2017 Q 4
26
REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
Question 1
Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next
to the question number (1.1 to 1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.
1.1 A type of fertilisation in which the nucleus of a sperm fuses with the
nucleus of an ovum outside the body of the female
1.2 The reproductive strategy when hatchlings are able to move and
feed themselves
1.3 A type of egg where the embryo develops inside a fluid-filled sac which is surrounded
by a shell
1.4 The type of development in birds where offsprings are born helpless, unable to move
or feed themselves
1.5 A method of reproduction involving the hatching of eggs in the female reproductive
system
5x1=5
Question :2
QP: Nov P.1 2014 Q.1.3
Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY, B ONLY,
BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only, B only, both A and B or
none next to the question number (2.1 to 2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK
.
COLUMN I COLUMN II
2.1 Embryo is nourished with yolk found in the egg A: Ovipary

B: Vivipary
2.2 Reserve source of food in amniotic egg A: Chorion
B: Yolk
A: Ovipary
2.3 Foetus is attached to the mother's uterus Vivipary
B:
2.4 The development in birds where the hatchlings can A: Precocial development
move soon after being born B: Altricial development
2.5 Shell-less fertilized eggs remain in the female’s A: Vivipary
oviduct until embryo is developed, then female gives B: Ovovivipary
birth to live young
A: Birds
2.6 High degree of parental care Duck
B:
The membrane that transfers nutrients from the A: Chorion
2.7
albumen to the embryo in birds B: Amnion
7x2=14
27
Question 3
3.1
3.2
3.3 3.2
28
Question 4
QP: May/June 2017 P.1 Q. 2.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
29
Question 5
QP: Feb/March 2018 Q. 1.5
5.1
5.2
30
Question 6
QP: May/June 2017 P.1 Q. 2.1
6.1 Identify the membrane label E (1)
6.2 Give ONE function of part labelled E. (1)
6.3 Identify the LETTER only representing the membrane that :
(a) Protects the embryo during development. (1)

(b) Transfers nutrients from the albumen to the embryo. (1)
(c) Is responsible for respiration and for waste disposal from embryo. (1)
(5)
31
Question 7
QP: May/June 2018 P.1 Q.4
(Any 4) (4)
32
QUESTION 2
Life Sciences/P1 9 DoE/November 2009
NSC
.1 HUMAN
Study the diagrams below and REPRODUCTION
answer the questions that follow.
SECTION B
Question 1
QUESTION 2
QP: Nov 2009; P1; Q2.1
2.1 Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.
bladder F head
G
middle
bladder F piece
head
A G
B middle
piece
A
B
C
tail
D C
tail
E D
E
Human male reproductive system Human sperm cell

Human male reproductive system Human sperm cell
2.1.1
1.1 Provide
2.1.1 labels for labels
Provide A, B, for
E and
A, B, G.
E and G. (4)(4)
2.1.2 State ONE function each of C and F, respectively. (2)

2.1.2
1.2 State ONE function each of C and F, respectively. (2)
2.1.3 State the LETTER and NAME of the part where sperm are
1.3
2.1.3 State the produced.
LETTER and NAME of the part where sperm are (2)
produced. (2)
2.1.4 Explain why it is necessary for part D to 'hang outside' the body of
the male. (2)
2.1.4
1.4 Explain why it is necessary for part D to 'hang outside' the body of
the2.1.5
male. Name the following: (2)
(a) The cells that secrete a male sex hormone (1)
1.5
2.1.5 Name the following:
(b) The hormone that stimulates the development of secondary
(a) The cells that secrete
sexual a maleinsex
characteristics hormone
males (1)(1)
(b)2.1.6 During a vasectomy, part B is surgically cut.

The hormone that stimulates the development of secondary
sexual(a)
characteristics
Explain how inthis
males
procedure will act as a method of (1)
contraception. (2)
1.6
2.1.6 During a vasectomy, part B is surgically cut.
(b) Will it be possible for a man who is HIV positive to pass the
(a) Explain how
HI virusthis procedure
to another willheact
person after as aa vasectomy?
undergoes method of (1)
contraception. (2)
(c) Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.1.6 (b). (2)
(17)
(b) Will it be possible for a man who is HIV positive to pass the
HI virus
Copyright reserved to another person after he undergoes a vasectomy?
Please turn over (1)
(c) Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.1.6

1.6 (b)(b). (2)
(17)
opyright reserved Please turn over
33
fe Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 9 DBE/November 2012
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) NSC 9 DBE/November 2012
NSC
Question 2
QP: Nov 2012 1.4
4 Study the diagram of the male reproductive system below.
1.4 Study the diagram of the male reproductive system below.
A
A
B
B
G
G
C
C
D
D
F E
F E
The structure of the male reproductive system

The structure of the male reproductive system
1.4.1
2.1 Write down
1.4.1 thedown
Write LETTER (A to G) and
the LETTER (A tothe
G) NAME
and theofNAME
the following:
of the following:
(a) The (a)

part The
where meiosis
part where takes place
meiosis takes place (2) (2)
(b) The (b)
part The
that part
transports semen and
that transports urineand
semen to the outside
urine to the of the of the
outside
body body (2) (2)
(c) The (c)
part The
where immature
part sperm cells
where immature are cells
sperm storedare stored (2) (2)
1.4.2
2.2 Name theName
1.4.2 male the
hormone that is responsible
male hormone for the development
that is responsible of
for the development of
secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.
secondary sexual characteristics during puberty. (1) (1)
1.4.3
2.3 Write down
1.4.3 thedown
Write LETTER (A to G) of
the LETTER (Athe following:
to G) of the following:
(a) The (a)
part The
where thewhere
part hormone mentioned
the hormone in QUESTION
mentioned 1.4.2
2.2 is 1.4.2 is
in QUESTION
producedproduced (1) (1)
(b) The (b)

part The
which is cut
part surgically
which during male
is cut surgically sterilisation
during male sterilisation (1) (1)
(9) (9)
TOTAL SECTION A: 50A:

TOTAL SECTION 50
34
SECTION B
SECTION B
QUESTION 2
QUESTION
Question 3 2
QP: Feb 2015 P1 2.1
2.1 Study the
2.1 diagram
Study below. below.
the diagram
C C
A A
B B
Male reproductive
Male reproductive systemsystem
2.1.1
3.1 2.1.1 Givefor
Give labels labels
eachforofeach of the following:
the following:
(a) A (a) A (1) (1)
(b) B (1)
(b) B (1)
(c) C (1)
(c) C (1)
2.1.2 State ONE function of part A. (1)
2.1.2
3.2 State ONE function of part A. (1)
2.1.3 Explain the consequences for reproduction if part C is surgically
2.1.3
3.3 Explain cut.
the consequences for reproduction if part C is surgically (3)
cut. (3)
2.1.4 Explain why it would still be possible for an HIV positive man to
3.4
2.1.4 Explain infect
why itanother
would still be possible
person for anintercourse
during sexual HIV positive man
after to C is
part
infect another
surgicallyperson
cut. during sexual intercourse after part C is (2)
surgically cut. (2) (9)
(9)
2.2 Describe how the different parts of the ear and brain allow for hearing to
2.2 Describeoccur.
how the different parts of the ear and brain allow for hearing to (7)
occur. (7)

35
ife Sciences/P1 8 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2015
Life Sciences/P1 NSC 8 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2015
NSC
Question 4
QP: Feb 2015 P1 1.4
1.4 Study the diagram below, which shows a process occurring in a human male.
1.4 Study the diagram below, which shows a process occurring in a human male.
1st 1 st
meiotic division
meiotic division
A A
nd
2nd 2meiotic
meiotic division
division
B
B
1.4.1 Name the process by which male gametes in humans are formed
1.4.1
4.1 Namethrough
the process by which male gametes in humans are formed
meiosis. (1)
through meiosis. (1)
1.4.2 Name the organ in males where the process mentioned in
1.4.2
4.2 NameQUESTION
the organ in takes
1.4.1 males where the process mentioned in
place. (1)
QUESTION 1.4.1
4.1 takes place. (1)
1.4.3 How many chromosomes will be found in each cell at:
1.4.3
4.3 How many chromosomes will be found in each cell at:
(a) A (1)
(a) A (1)
(b) B (1)
(b) B (1)
1.4.4 Name TWO processes occurring during the 1st meiotic division that
contribute to the genetic variation of cells A.st (2)
1.4.4
4.4 Name TWO processes occurring during the 1 meiotic division that
1.4.5contribute to thecells
How many genetic
at Bvariation
will carry of
thecells A.
Y-chromosome? (2)
(1)
1.4.5
4.5 1.4.6How many cells
What are atmature
the B will carry the
cells at B Y-chromosome?
called? (1)
(1)
(8)
1.4.6
4.6 What are the mature cells at B called? (1)
TOTAL SECTION A: (8)
50
TOTAL SECTION A: 50
Copyright reserved 36 Please turn over

Life Sciences/P1 9 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2018
NSC NSC
Question 5
QP: Feb 2018 p1 2.2
2.2 2.2Diagrams I and III and
Diagrams below represent
II below gametogenesis
represent in human
gametogenesis malesmales
in human and and
femalesfemales
(not in (not
any particular sequence).
in any particular sequence).
The diagrams are NOT
The diagrams aredrawn to scale.
NOT drawn to scale.
MeiosisMeiosis
I I
1 1 1 1
MeiosisMeiosis
II II
3 3
2 2
Degenerating cells
Degenerating cells
Diagram I
Diagram I Diagram II
Diagram II
2.2.1 2.2.1
5.1 IdentifyIdentify
the specific type oftype
the specific gametogenesis in Diagram
of gametogenesis I.
in Diagram I. (1) (1)
2.2.2 2.2.2
5.2 ExplainExplain
your answer to QUESTION
your answer 2.2.1
5.1 by
to QUESTION referring
2.2.1 to a visible
by referring to a visible
difference between
difference Diagram
between I and Diagram
Diagram II.
I and Diagram II. (2) (2)
2.2.3 2.2.3
5.3 Where Where in the human
in the human bodythe
body does does theoftype
type of gametogenesis
gametogenesis shownshown
in Diagram
in Diagram II take IIplace?
take place? (1) (1)
5.4
2.2.4 2.2.4 Give
Give the the chromosome
chromosome number
number of: of:
(a) (a) cells

The Theatcells
1 at 1 (1) (1)
(b) (b) 2 Cell 2

Cell (1) (1)
2.2.5 2.2.5
5.5 Nameprocesses
Name TWO TWO processes thatplace
that take take during
place during Meiosis
Meiosis I thattolead to
I that lead
geneticgenetic variation
variation in the
in the four fourshown
cells cells shown
at 3 in at 3 in Diagram
Diagram II. II. (2) (2)
2.2.6 2.2.6
5.6 ExplainExplain the implication
the implication for thefor the human
human population
population size if size
the ifthree
the three
cells referred
cells referred to in Diagram
to in Diagram I did
I did not not degenerate,
degenerate, but remained
but remained as as
gametes.gametes. (2) (2)
(10) (10)
37
Copyright
Copyright reservedreserved Please Please turn over
turn over
SCE
SCE
Question 6
QP: June 2015 P1 2.2
2.2 Read the
2.2 passage
Read below and
the passage answer
below the questions
and answer that follow.
the questions that follow.
EXERCISE AND SPERM

EXERCISE COUNT
AND SPERM COUNT
Research was conducted

Research to determine
was conducted the effect
to determine of lifestyle
the effect on the
of lifestyle onsperm
the sperm
count of young
count males. males.
of young In thisInstudy, 189 young
this study, male male
189 young students from from
students a a
university in New York filled out questionnaires on their physical activity, diet,
university in New York filled out questionnaires on their physical activity, diet,
stress and
stressother
andlifestyle factors.factors.
other lifestyle Each male
Each student then provided
male student a semen
then provided a semen
sample.sample.
The results showedshowed

The results that the
thatmale
the students who exercised
male students for more
who exercised than than
for more
15 hours
15 ahours
weeka had
weeka had
sperm count count
a sperm 73 percent higherhigher
73 percent than than
thosethose
who who
exercised
exercised fewer
fewer than 5 than
hours5 ahours
week.a week.
A second
A second investigation
investigation showedshowed thatwho
that men menwatched
who watched
more more than
than 20 20 hours
hours of of
TV per TV
weekperinstead
week instead of exercising
of exercising had a had a 44 percent
44 percent lower lower
spermsperm
countcount
than than
men whomen who watched
watched little or little
no TV.or no TV.
A person
A person who exercises,
who exercises, secretessecretes more antioxidant
more antioxidant enzymes
enzymes thatprevent
that can can prevent
a natural process called oxidative stress from damaging cell
a natural process called oxidative stress from damaging cell membranes in membranes in
the This
the body. body.damage
This damage can disrupt
can disrupt the formation
the formation of newof sperm.
new sperm.
WhenWhen
watching
watching TV or sitting,
TV or sitting, the scrotum
the scrotum gets pushed
gets pushed against
against their body,
their body, making
making
the of
the region region of thehotter
the testis testis and
hotter and possibly
possibly preventing
preventing new sperm
new sperm from being
from being
produced.
produced.
[Adapted from National Geographic News, February 2013]
[Adapted from National Geographic News, February 2013]
2.2.1 Name the specific meiotic process responsible for the production of
2.2.1
6.1 Name the specific meiotic process responsible for the production of
sperm cells. (1)
sperm cells. (1)
2.2.2 Explain why a high temperature in the region of the testis may
2.2.2
6.2 Explainprevent
why athe
high temperature
production insperm.
of new the region of the testis may (2)
prevent the production of new sperm. (2)
2.2.3 State a general conclusion that can be drawn from the results in
2.2.3
6.3 State athe general conclusion that can be drawn from the results in
first investigation. (2)
the first investigation. (2)
2.2.4 State ONE way in which the reliability of this study can be
2.2.4
6.4 State ONE way in which the reliability of this study can be
increased. (1)
increased. (1)
2.2.5 Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a sperm cell. (4)
2.2.5
6.5 Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a sperm cell. (4) (10)
(10)
38
SECTION B B
SECTION
QUESTION 2 27
QUESTION
Question
QP: June 2016 P1 2.1
2.1 2.1 The diagram below
The diagram represents
below a sperm
represents cell.cell.
a sperm
A B
A B C C D D
7.1 2.1.1 Identify

2.1.1 Identify
part:part:
(a) (a)
B B (1)(1)
(b) D (1)
(b) D (1)
2.1.2 Explain ONE way in which the sperm cell is adapted to ensure
2.1.2
7.2 Explain ONE way in which the sperm cell is adapted to ensure
effective movement towards the Fallopian tubes. (2)
effective movement towards the Fallopian tubes. (2)
2.1.3 Explain the consequences for reproduction if a sperm cell did not
7.3
2.1.3 Explain
havethe consequences
part A. for reproduction if a sperm cell did not (3)
have part A. (3)(7)
(7)
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 7 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2013
2.2 Describe the path followed by a sound wave from its source to the cochlea in
NSC
2.2 Describe
Question the
8 path
the human ear.followed by a sound wave from its source to the cochlea in (6)
the
QP:human ear.
Feb 2013 1.4 (6)
1.4 The diagram below shows the structure of the female reproductive system.
B
C
Give the LETTER and NAME of:


1.4.1 The part that breaks down when the levels of progesterone and
oestrogen drop 39 (2)
1.4.2 The part that plays a role during copulation (2)

above:
With reference to the diagram in QUESTION 2.2 and the table
Give the LETTER above:
(a) Name
and the amino
NAME of: acid labelled P. (2)
Give the LETTER and NAME of:
(b) (a)theName
basethe amino acid labelled P. (2) (2)
1.4.1
8.1 The State
part that sequence
breaks of the
down when themolecule
levels oflabelled Q.
progesterone and
1.4.1 The part that breaks down when the levels of progesterone and
oestrogen drop
(b) Stateisthe base (2)
oestrogen
(c) What drop
name given tosequence
the tripletofofthe molecule
tRNA baseslabelled Q. (2)
that codes for (2)
1.4.2
8.2 each
Thepart
part (c)amino
that acid?
plays
What a role during copulation (2)(1)
1.4.2 The that plays a name
role is given
during to the triplet of tRNA bases that codes
copulation (2) for
each amino acid? (1)
1.4.3
1.4.3
8.3
(d)
The Describe
Thepart
partwhere how
wherethe
the thewillwill
zygote
zygote composition
be be formed of the protein molecule
formed (2) (2)
changes if the base
(d) Describe sequence
how at X is UGUofinstead
the composition of UCA.molecule(2)
the protein
1.4.4
1.4.4
8.4 The
Thepart
partwherechanges
wherethe if thefollicles
theGraafian
Graafian base sequence
develop
follicles develop (2) (2)(12) (2)
at X is UGU instead of UCA.
(8) (8)[30] (12)
[30]
QUESTION 3 TOTAL SECTION A: 50
TOTAL SECTION A: 50
Question
QUESTION 9 3
.1 QP: diagram
The Feb 2011below
P1 3.1represents the female reproductive system.
3.1 The diagram below represents the female reproductive system.
X
X
A
Y A
Y
B B
D D
C C
3.1.1 Label structures A, B and C. (3)

9.1
3.1.1 Label structures A, B and C. (3)
3.1.2 State THREE functions of D. (3)
9.2
3.1.2 State THREE functions of D. (3)
3.1.3 Fertilisation usually takes place at Y. Why will a blockage at X:
9.3
3.1.3 Fertilisation usually takes place at Y. Why will a blockage at X:
(a) Prevent fertilisation at Y (1)
(a) Prevent fertilisation at Y (1)
(b) Not necessarily lead to infertility (2)
(b) Not necessarily lead to infertility (2) (9)
(9)

40
NSC
TheQuestion
diagrams10below show the human male and female reproductive systems.
QP: Feb 2014 P2 1.4
1.4 The diagrams below show the human male and female reproductive systems.
A E
A E
B
B F
C GF
C HG
H
D
D
Write the LETTER (A–H) and NAME of the part:

Write the LETTER (A–H) and NAME of the part:
1.4.1
10.1 1.4.1 Which transports urine urine
Which transports to thetooutside of the
the outside body
of the body (2)
(2)
1.4.2
10.2 1.4.2 Where Where
fertilisation occurs
fertilisation occurs (2)
(2)
1.4.3
10.3 1.4.3 Where Where
spermssperms
are produced
are produced (2)
(2)
Life Sciences/P1 7 DBE/November 2014
NSC
10.4 1.4.4
1.4.4 Where Where ova
ova are are NSC
produced
produced (2)
(2)
(8)
(8)
SECTION
SECTION B B
TOTAL SECTION A: 50
QUESTION
Question
QUESTION 2 11 2 TOTAL SECTION A: 50
QP: Nov 2014 P1 2.1
2.1 Study the diagrams below showing the male and female reproductive
2.1 Study the diagrams below showing the male and female reproductive
systems.
systems.
F
F
B G
B C G
C E
E
A
A
D H
D H
Male reproductive system Female reproductive system

2.1.1 Identify parts A, B and F respectively. (3)

2.1.1 Identify parts A, B and F respectively. (3)
2.1.2 State ONE function of each of the following:
Copyright reserved 41 Please turn over
(a) The fluid produced by part C (1)
2.1.1
11.1 Identify parts A, B and F respectively. (3)
11.2
(b) Part E (1)
11.3
2.1.3 Give the LETTER ONLY of the organ where meiosis takes place in
the:
(a) Male reproductive system (1)
(b) Female reproductive system (1)
2.1.4
11.4 Name the type of gametogenesis that takes place in the:
(a) Male reproductive system (1)
(b) Female reproductive system (1)
2.1.5
11.5 State TWO functions of part H. (2)
11.6
2.1.6 Explain why it is necessary for part D to be 'outside' the body in
males. (2)
(13)
42
SECTION B
SECTION B
QUESTION 2
QUESTION 2
Question 12
QP: Feb 2018 P1 2.1
.1 The diagram below represents the sequence of events that takes place during
2.1 The diagram below represents the sequence of events that takes place during
the ovarian cycle of a female.
the ovarian cycle of a female.
B B
C C
A A
2.1.1
12.1 2.1.1 Give
Give the the of
name name
the: of the:
(a) (a) Hormone

Hormone that controls
that controls the development
the development of structure
of structure A A (1) (1)
(b) (b) Process

Process taking at
taking place place
C at C (1) (1)
2.1.2
12.2 2.1.2 Describe
Describe the change
the change that place
that takes takes in
place
the in the uterus
uterus as theasresult
the result
of of
the hormone
the hormone secreted
secreted by structure
by structure A. A. (2) (2)
2.1.3
12.3 2.1.3 Structure
Structure B degenerates
B degenerates if fertilisation
if fertilisation does
does not notplace.
take take place.
ExplainExplain the implications of this for the:

the implications of this for the:
(a) Ovarian cycle (3)
(a) Ovarian cycle (3)
(b) Uterine cycle (3)
(b) Uterine cycle (3)
(10)
(10)

43
Life Sciences/P1 10 DoE/November 2009
NSC
.2 Study the graph below which shows the menstrual cycle and the influence of
Question 13
the
QP:different
Nov 2009 hormones
P1 2.2 on it.
2.2 Study the graph below which shows the menstrual cycle and the influence of
the different hormones on it.
Pituitary/
LH
hypophysis FSH
hormone Pituitary/
LH
levels hypophysis FSH
hormone
levels
Growth of follicle
Growth of follicle
oestrogen progesterone
Ovarian oestrogen progesterone
Ovarian
hormone levels
hormone levels
Thickness of Thickness of
uterine lining/
uterine lining/
endometrium endometrium
0 7 14 21 28
0 7 14 21 28
Days
Days
Hormonal regulation of the female reproductive cycle
Hormonal regulation of the female reproductive cycle
2.2.1 On which day does ovulation take place? (1)
2.2.1
13.1 On which day does ovulation take place? (1)
2.2.2 Between which days does menstruation take place? (1)
2.2.2
13.2 Between which days does menstruation take place? (1)
2.2.3 State any ONE function of luteinising hormone (LH). (1)
2.2.3
13.3 State
2.2.4 anyDescribe
ONE function of luteinising
the changes hormone
in the level (LH).in the graph.
of LH shown (1)
(3)
2.2.4
13.4 Describe
2.2.5 the changes
Describe in the levelbetween
the relationship of LH shown in the
the level graph. and the
of oestrogen (3)
endometrium from day 7 to day 14. (2)
2.2.5
13.5 Describe the relationship between the level of oestrogen and the
2.2.6 Explain
endometrium fromwhy
dayit 7is tonecessary
day 14. for the level of progesterone in the (2)
blood to increase after ovulation. (2)
2.2.6
13.6 Explain
2.2.7 why it is necessary
Did fertilisation for the
take place level
in the of progesterone
28-day in inthe
cycle illustrated the
blood to increase
graph? after ovulation. (2)
(1)
2.2.7
13.7 Did
2.2.8 fertilisation take answer
Explain your place toinQUESTION
the 28-day cycle illustrated in the
2.2.7. (2)
graph? (13)
(1)
[30]
2.2.8
13.8 Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.2.7.
13.7. (2)
(13)
Copyright reserved
[30]
Please turn over
44
fe Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 13 DBE/November 2011
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 13 DBE/November 2011
NSC
NSC
Question 14
QP: Nov 2011 P2 2.3
.3 Study the
2.3 graph
Study thebelow
graph of a menstrual
below cycle and
of a menstrual cyclethe influence
and of theofdifferent
the influence the different
hormones on it.
hormones on it.
Pituitary/Pituitary/
LH LH
hypophysishypophysis FSH FSH
hormonehormone
levels levels
Growth of follicleof follicle

Growth
oestrogen
oestrogen progesterone
progesterone
Ovarian Ovarian
hormonehormone
levels levels
Thickness Thickness
of of
uterine
uterine lining/ lining/
endometrium
endometrium
0 0 7 7 14 14 21 21 28 28
Days Days
Hormonal
Hormonal regulation
regulation of the of the female
female reproductive
reproductive cycle cycle
2.3.1 On which day does ovulation take place? (1)

2.3.1
14.1 On which day does ovulation take place? (1)
2.3.2 Between which days does menstruation take place? (1)
2.3.2
14.2 Between which days does menstruation take place? (1)
2.3.3 State ONE function of FSH during the menstrual cycle. (1)
2.3.3
14.3 State ONE function of FSH during the menstrual cycle. (1)
2.3.4 Describe the functional relationship between progesterone and
14.4
2.3.4 Describe the functional relationship between progesterone and
FSH. (2)
FSH. (2)
2.3.5 Account for the change in the thickness of the endometrial lining
14.5
2.3.5 Accountbetween
for the day
change in day
14 and the 21.
thickness of the endometrial lining (2)
between day 14 and day 21. (2)
2.3.6 Did fertilisation take place within the 28-day cycle illustrated in the
2.3.6
14.6 Did fertilisation
graph? take place within the 28-day cycle illustrated in the (1)
graph? (1)
2.3.7 Give TWO reasons for your answer to QUESTION 2.3.6. (2)
2.3.7
14.7 Give TWO reasons for your answer to QUESTION 2.3.6. 14.6. (2) (10)
(10)
45

smallBincrease in body temperature.
SECTION NSC
Question
QUESTION 15
2 SECTION B
QP: Mar 2010 P1 2.1
Changes in body temperature of a woman
QUESTION 2
2.1 The following two graphs show the changes in temperature in a woman's
body and
2.1 theThe
level of thetwohormones
following graphs showoestrogen andin progesterone
the changes temperature in aduring
woman'sthe
37,1 menstrual cycle.
body The release
and the level ofof
thethe ovum oestrogen
hormones takes place when thereduring
and progesterone is a the
very
small increase in bodycycle.
menstrual temperature.
The release of the ovum takes place when there is a very
Temperature ºC
small increase in body temperature.

36,8
36,5 Changes in body in

Changes temperature of aof
body temperature woman
a woman
36,2 37,1
37,1
Temperature ºC
Temperature ºC
36,8
36,8
0 36,5
5 10 15 20 25 30
36,5 36,2 Day
36,2
Changes
0 in the5level of10oestrogen
15 and20progesterone
25 30
Day
Levels of hormones in blood
Progesterone
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Changes in theDay
level of oestrogen and progesterone
Progesterone
Changes in the level of oestrogen and progesterone

Oestrogen
Oestrogen Progesterone
Oestrogen
0 5 0 105 15
10 15 20 20 25 25 30
30
Day Day
2.1.1 What was the temperature of the woman on day 15? (2)
2.1.1
15.1 What was the temperature of the woman on day 15? (2)
fe Sciences/P1 2.1.2 Calculate by how
9 many degrees Celsius her temperature
DoE/Feb. varied in 2010
– March
one10
menstrualNSC
cycle. Show ALL workings. (2)
15.2 0
2.1.2 5 by how many degrees Celsius her temperature varied in
Calculate 15 20 25 30
Day
one menstrual cycle. Show ALL workings. (2)
2.1.3
15.3 Fromreserved
Copyright the graph,
name THREE factors that indicate that Please
ovulation
turn over
2.1.1 What was the temperature of the woman on day 15?
occurred. (2)
(3)
opyright reserved
2.1.2 Calculate Please turn over
2.1.4
15.4 Explain the by how manyofdegrees
importance Celsius
the higher heroftemperature
level varied
progesterone fromin
one
day 15menstrual
onwards. cycle. Show ALL workings. (2)
(2)
2 Study the diagram below which shows part of the process of protein
synthesis.
46
A
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) NSC 11 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2012
NSC
NSC
Question 16
2.3 QP: Febthe
Study 2012 2.3 below showing the hormonal changes during pregnancy.
graph
2.3 Study the graph below showing the hormonal changes during pregnancy.
2.3 Study the graph below showing the hormonal changes during pregnancy.
2.3.1
16.1 2.3.1 Identify
Identify Identify
2.3.1 the following
the following
the following structures:
structures:
structures:
(a) (a)
A(a) A
A
(b) (b)
B(b) B
B (2)
(2) (2)
16.2
2.3.2
2.3.2 State the
State the following:
following:
2.3.2 State the following:
(a)
(a) Where prolactin
Where prolactin is
is produced
produced
(a) Where prolactin is produced
(b)
(b) The function
The function of
of prolactin
prolactin (2)
(b) The function of prolactin (2) (2)
2.3.3
2.3.3 Explain the
the significance
significance of of the
the levels
levels of
of oestrogen
oestrogen andand progesterone
progesterone
16.3
2.3.3 Explain Explain
the significance
dropping towards of the
towards the end levels
end of of oestrogen
of pregnancy.
pregnancy. and progesterone (2)
droppingdropping
towards the endthe of pregnancy. (2) (2)
2.3.4
2.3.4 Explain what
Explain what will
will happen
happen ifif structure
structure AA breaks
breaks down
down atatthe
theend
endof ofthe
the
16.4
2.3.4 Explain first
whatweek
will happen if
of pregnancy.
pregnancy.structure A breaks down at the end of the (2)
first week of (2)
first week of pregnancy. (2)
2.3.5
2.3.5 Suggest the
Suggest the role
role of
of oxytocin
oxytocin around
around week
week 4040 of
of pregnancy.
pregnancy. (1)
(1)
2.3.5
16.5 Suggest the role of oxytocin around week 40 of pregnancy. (1) (9)
(9)
(9) [30]
[30]
[30]
47
Copyright
Copyright reserved
reserved Pleaseturn
Please turnover
over
3.2 Study the graph below.
Life Sciences/P1 SCE 13 DBE/2017
Question 17 Levels of two ovarian hormones released SCE
QP: June 2017 P1 3.2
during the menstrual cycle
3.2 Study 3.2
the graph below.
Study the graph below.
OVULATION
180
Levels of two ovarian hormones released
160 Levels of two ovarian
during thehormones released
menstrual cycle
Hormone levels (nmg/mℓ)
during the
A menstrual B
OVULATION cycle
180
140 OVULATION
180 160
120 A B
160 140
100 A B
140 120
80 100
120
60 80
100 60
40
80 40
20
60 20
0 0
401 2 3 4 5 16 2 73 84 59 6107118 12
9 13 141215
10 11 1316
14 17 1817191820
15 16 19 21 2222
20 21 232324
2425 2627
25 26 27
Time
Time (Days) (Days)
20
3.2.1 Identify:
03.2.1
17.1 Identify:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (a)
8 9 Hormone A
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 (1)
27
(a) Hormone A Time (Days) (1)
(b) Hormone B (1)
(b) 3.2.2
Hormone B (1)
3.2.1 Identify: What effect does an increase in hormone A have on the
endometrium? (2)
3.2.2
17.2 What effect does an increase in hormone A have on the
(a)3.2.3Hormone A is indicated on the graph.
Ovulation (1)
endometrium? (2)
(b) Hormone (a) BDefine ovulation. (2)(1)
3.2.3
17.3 Ovulation is indicated on the graph.
(b) On which day did ovulation take place? (1)
3.2.2 What effect does an increase in hormone A have on the
(a) Define(c)
ovulation. (2)
endometrium? Which hormone secreted by the pituitary gland stimulates (2)
ovulation? (1)
3.2.3 Ovulation
3.2.4 isExplain
indicated on the
why high graph.
levels of hormone B prevent the development of
(c) Which new follicles.
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland stimulates (2)
(a) Define ovulation. (2)
ovulation?
3.2.5 Explain evidence in the graph that indicates that no fertilisation (1)
took place during the menstrual cycle shown above. (3)
3.2.4
17.4 Explain why high levels of hormone B prevent the development of (13)
newreserved
follicles. (2)
(c)
Copyright Which hormone secreted by the pituitary gland Please
stimulates
turn over
3.2.5
17.5 Explain ovulation?
evidence in the graph that indicates that no fertilisation (1)
took place during the menstrual cycle shown above. (3)
3.2.4 Explain why high levels of hormone B prevent the development of (13)
new follicles. (2)
3.2.5 Explain evidence in the graph that indicates that no fertilisation
took place during the menstrual48cycle shown above. (3)
(13)
fe Sciences/P1 8 NSC DBE/November 2014
Question 18 NSC
QP: Nov 2014 P1 2.2
2.2 The diagram below shows some of the changes that take place during the
.2 The diagram
menstrualbelow
cycle.shows some of the changes that take place during the
menstrual cycle.
Growth of
Growth of
follicle
follicle
Thickness of
Thickness of
the uterine
the uterine
lining
lining
1 7 14 21 28
1 7 14 21 28
Days
Days
2.2.1 The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones. Name ONE

2.2.1
18.1 The hormone
menstrualwhich
cyclewillisincrease
controlled by between
in level hormones.
day Name ONE
2 and day 10. (1)
hormone which will increase in level between day 2 and day 10. (1)
2.2.2 Give ONE observable reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.2.1. (2)
18.2
2.2.2 Give ONE observable reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.2.1.
18.1. (2)
2.2.3 Explain evidence from the diagram which indicates that fertilisation
2.2.3
18.3 Explain evidence
took place. from the diagram which indicates that fertilisation (3)
took place. (3)
2.2.4 Describe the developmental changes in the fertilised ovum until
2.2.4
18.4 Describe the developmental
implantation occurs in thechanges
uterus. in the fertilised ovum until (5)
implantation occurs in the uterus. (5)
2.2.5 Some females use an ovulation monitor so that they can be aware
2.2.5
18.5 Someoffemales
the daysuse an they
when ovulation monitor
are fertile. so that
These they can
monitors be aware
measure the level
of theofdays when they are fertile.
hormones in the blood. These monitors measure the level
of hormones in the blood.
(a) Why would females want to know when they are fertile? (1)
(a) Why would females want to know when they are fertile? (1)
(b) Explain which hormone is likely to be monitored by the
(b) Explain which monitor.
ovulation hormone is likely to be monitored by the (3)
ovulation monitor. (3) (15)
(15)
49
ECTION B
SECTION B
QUESTION 2
QUESTION 2
Question 19
.1 QP: graph
The J 2018 P1 2.1 shows the concentration of progesterone in a woman's
below
2.1 The graph below
blood during the early shows
stages the concentration of progesterone in a woman's
of pregnancy.
blood during the early stages of pregnancy.
Progesterone levels in a woman's blood

Progesterone levels in a woman's blood
during during
the early
thestages of pregnancy
early stages of pregnancy
45 45 39,5 39,5
Progesterone level (ng/mℓ)
Progesterone level (ng/mℓ)
40 40
35 33,4 33,4
35 30
28 30
30 30 26,2 28
26,2
25 25
21,6 21,6
20 20
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14
Gestation period (weeks)
Gestation period (weeks)
2.1.1 Name TWO structures responsible for producing progesterone

2.1.1
19.1 Name TWO structures responsible for producing progesterone
during pregnancy. (2)
during pregnancy. (2)
2.1.2 Describe the general trend in the change in progesterone levels in
19.2
2.1.2 Describe
thethe generalblood
woman's trendduring
in thethe
change in progesterone
early stages levels in
of pregnancy. (1)
the woman's blood during the early stages of pregnancy. (1)
2.1.3 Describe the negative feedback mechanism that occurs between
2.1.3
19.3 Describe the negative
progesterone andfeedback mechanism
FSH during pregnancy.that occurs between (2)
progesterone and FSH during pregnancy. (2)
2.1.4 State the importance of the negative feedback mechanism
2.1.4
19.4 described
State the in QUESTION
importance of the2.1.3.
negative feedback mechanism (1)
described in QUESTION 2.1.3.
19.3. (1)
2.1.5 Calculate the percentage increase in progesterone levels between
2.1.5
19.5 week
Calculate the4percentage
and week 14. Show ALL
increase calculations. levels between
in progesterone (3)
week 4 and week 14. Show ALL calculations. (3)
2.1.6 The woman's progesterone level in week 16 was 25 ng/mℓ.
2.1.6
19.6 The woman's progesterone level in week 16 was 25 ng/mℓ.
(a) Explain why this woman should be concerned about the
decrease in progesterone levels. (2)
(a) Explain why this woman should be concerned about the
decrease in progesterone
(b) Suggest ONE way levels.
in which this problem could possibly be (2)
treated by a doctor. (1)
(b) Suggest ONE way in which this problem could possibly be (12)
treated by a doctor. (1)
(12)
50
(b) Dependent variable (1)
4.2.4 State TWO other hormones (except the one mentioned in
2.5.2 QUESTION
Name THREE 4.2.2) that influence
planning the glucose
steps that had to level of the blood.
be considered before (2)
Question 20 (10)
carrying out the
QP: Nov 2013 P2 4.3 Essay investigation. (3)
4.3 Describe the

2.5.3 menstrual
If the results cycle
showandthathow
the itaverage
is influenced byfirst
age of different hormones.
menstruation has
remained at 12,9 years of age for the last 25 years, explain the
implications for the hypothesis stated by the scientists. Content: (17)
(2)
Synthesis: (3)
2.5.4 Name TWO physical characteristics in girls which would indicate (20)
the start of puberty.
NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts
(2)
Question 21 (9)
or diagrams.
QP: June 2016 P1 2.6
2.6 One contraceptive method for females is to take a daily TOTAL
oral pill SECTION C:
that contains 40
progesterone. GRAND TOTAL: 150
Explain
Life how
Sciences/P1 this pill functions to prevent pregnancy.
11 (4)
DBE/November 2016
Copyright reserved NSC [40]
Question 22
QP: Nov 2016 P1 1.5
1.5 The schematic diagram below shows a human ovum that is about to be
fertilised. The diagram is not drawn to scale.
B
F
C
1.5.1 Identify part:
(a) A (1)
(b) B (1)
(c) C (1)
51
(d) F (1)
22.1
1.5.1 Identify part:
(a) A (1)
(b) B (1)
(c) C (1)
(d) F (1)
1.5.2
22.2 Give the LETTER and NAME of the part that:
(a) Contains the mitochondria (2)
(b) Contains enzymes required to penetrate the ovum (2)

(c) Will enter the ovum duringNSC
fertilisation (2)
(10)
2.4 Question
Read23the extract below. TOTAL SECTION A: 50
QP: Feb 2016 P1 2.4
Anele found out that she had scar tissue blocking both her Fallopian tubes
and therefore could not have a baby. She decided to try in vitro fertilisation
(IVF).
opyright reserved NSC Please turn over
The IVF procedure was performed as follows:
2.4 Read the extract below.
• Anele was given hormone supplements to stimulate the production of ova
in the Anele
ovaries.
found out that she had scar tissue blocking both her Fallopian tubes
and therefore could not have a baby. She decided to try in vitro fertilisation
• The mature
(IVF). ova were then collected and placed in a test tube.
• Her partner was then asked to release his semen into a special container.
The IVF procedure was performed as follows:
• The ova• and thegiven
Anele was semen were
hormone then mixed
supplements in a
to stimulate thetest tube.of ova
production
in the ovaries.
• The morulas
•
that developed after a few days were then inserted into
The mature ova were then collected and placed in a test tube.
Anele's• uterus.
Her partner was then asked to release his semen into a special container.
• The ova and the semen were then mixed in a test tube.
The morulas that developed after a few days were then inserted into
The diagram•
below is a representation of how the procedure was
Anele's uterus.
done.
The diagram below is a representation of how the procedure was done.
Ovum
Ovum
Morula
Sperm
Morula
Sperm
2.4.1 Explain why Anele's condition had prevented her from falling
pregnant. (2)
2.4.2 Name ONE hormone that was:

52
(a) Given to Anele to ensure that ova were produced in the
ovaries (1)
2.4.1
23.1 Explain why Anele's condition had prevented her from falling
pregnant. (2)
2.4.2
23.2 Name ONE hormone that was:
(a) Given to Anele to ensure that ova were produced in the

ovaries (1)
(b) Produced by the developing follicles in the ovaries, as the ova
were maturing (1)
2.4.3
23.3 Describe the events that take place in the test tube after
fertilisation, until a blastocyst is formed. (4)
2.4.4
23.4 Explain ONE possible consequence for the developing embryo if
the corpus luteum disintegrates immediately after implantation. (3)
(11)
Life Sciences/P1 NSC 13 DBE/November 2016
Question 24 NSC
QP: Nov 2016 P1 2.2
opyright
2.2 reserved
A fertility monitor measures the concentration of oestrogen and luteinising Please turn over
2.2hormone
A fertility
(LH) inmonitor
a woman'smeasures
urine. Athe concentration
fertile period is theof time
oestrogen andovum
when the luteinising
hormone (LH) in
is ready to be fertilised. a woman's urine. A fertile period is the time when the ovum
is ready to be fertilised.
The graph below appears on the information sheet that is provided with the
fertilityThe graph below appears on the information sheet that is provided with the
monitor.
fertility monitor.
HIGHEST
HIGH HIGHEST
FERTILITY
HIGH
FERTILITY FERTILITY
FERTILITY
LOW FERTILITY LOW FERTILITY

LOW FERTILITY LOW FERTILITY
Hormone level
Hormone level
oestrogen
oestrogen
LH
LH
Day of cycle
Day of cycle
[Adapted from http://www.amazon.co.uk]
2.2.1 Name the gland that secretes LH. (1)
2.2.1 Name the gland that secretes LH. (1)
2.2.2 53
Explain why the fertility monitor measures the concentration of LH. (2)
2.2.2 Explain why the fertility monitor measures the concentration of LH. (2)
2.2.3 Explain why some women would use a fertility monitor. (2)
2.2.1
24.1 Name the gland that secretes LH. (1)
2.2.2
24.2 Explain why the fertility monitor measures the concentration of LH. (2)
2.2.3
24.3 Explain why some women would use a fertility monitor. (2)
2.2.4
24.4 What evidence in the graph indicates that a healthy follicle is
developing in the ovary during the first half of the cycle? (2)
2.2.5
24.5 If a woman using the fertility monitor finds that her LH level peaks
on day 17, between which days does she experience the 'highest
fertility'? (2)
2.2.6
24.6 Explain why the fertility monitor
NSC does not measure the
progesterone level in the blood to predict fertile days. (3)
(12)
SECTION C
Question
QUESTION 25 4
QP: Nov 2015 P1 Q4
pyright reserved Please turn over
Explain the structural suitability of the sperm cell for its function and describe its
involvement in the formation of a zygote and the development of this zygote until
implantation.
NSC Content: (17)
Synthesis: (3)
(20)
SECTION C
NOTE: 26NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts, tables
Question
QUESTIONor 4 diagrams.
QP: Nov 2017 P1 Q4
Sperm is produced, transported and then combined with secretions from the
TOTAL accessory
SECTION C: 20
glands to form semen. The semen is then transferred into the body of theTOTAL:
GRAND female 150
where it meets the ovum.
Describe all the processes referred to in the statement above and explain THREE
structural adaptations of the sperm for fertilisation.
Content: (17)
Synthesis: (3)
(20)
NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts, tables or
diagrams.
TOTAL SECTION C: 20
GRAND TOTAL: 150
54
e Sciences/P1 8 NSC DBE/November 2018
Question 27 NSC
QP: Nov 2018 P1 1.4
1.4 The diagram below represents a sequence of events that may take place
4 The diagram below
inside the represents
human a sequencesystem.
female reproductive of events that may take place
inside the human female reproductive system.
I II
I II
A B C
A B C
1.4.1 Identify the process taking place at I in the diagram above. (1)
27.1
1.4.1 Identify the process taking place at I in the diagram above. (1)
1.4.2 State the type of cell division that takes place at II in the diagram
27.2
1.4.2 above.
State the type of cell division that takes place at II in the diagram (1)
above. (1)
1.4.3 Name TWO functional extra-embryonic membranes that are
1.4.3
27.3 Name produced by structure
TWO functional C.
extra-embryonic membranes that are (2)
produced by structure C. (2)
1.4.4 Identify the stage of development indicated by:
27.4
1.4.4 Identify the stage of development indicated by:
(a) A (1)
(a) A (1)
(b) B (1)
(b) B (1)
(c) C (1)
(c) C (1)
1.4.5 Name the part of the female reproductive system where the events
1.4.5
27.5 Name thein the diagram
part above usually
of the female take place.
reproductive system where the events (1)
in the diagram above usually take place. (1)
1.4.6 Give the chromosome number of the cell at A if this cell is going to
1.4.6
27.6 Give thedevelop into a child
chromosome with Down
number of the syndrome.
cell at A if this cell is going to (1)
develop into a child with Down syndrome. (1) (9)
(9)
55
.5 Study the diagram below of the sequence
Question 28
of events
SCE that takes place from the
fertilisation
QP: June 2017 of the
P1 ovum
1.5 to the development of the embryo in a part of the
human
1.5 female
Study the diagramsystem.
reproductive below of the sequence of events that takes place from the
fertilisation of the ovum to the development of the embryo in a part of the
The arrows indicate
human femalethe direction system.
reproductive of development of one ovum after
fertilisation.
The arrows indicate the direction of development of one ovum after
fertilisation.
E
E
D
D
C
C
F
B F
B G
A G
A
H
H
1.5.1
28.1 Identify:
1.5.1 Identify:
(a) Structure
(a) CStructure C (1) (1)
(b) The stage of embryo
(b) The stage ofdevelopment at E
embryo development at E (1) (1)
(c) The (c)
structure that develops
The structure from a from
that develops combination of parts
a combination of parts
F and H F and H (1) (1)
1.5.2
28.2 Name
1.5.2 the Name
process
thethat takesthat
process place:
takes place:
(a) At B (a) At B (1) (1)
(b) When(b)G attaches

When G to
attaches
part F to part F (1) (1)
1.5.3
28.3 1.5.3 the chromosome
Give Give the chromosome number of:
number of:
(a) The cells at D (1)
(a) The cells at D (1)
(b) Cell A (1)
(b) Cell A (1) (7)
(7)
TOTAL SECTION A: 50
TOTAL SECTION A: 50
56
NSC
1 The diagram below shows part of the female reproductive system. Structures
BQuestion
to G and29processes 1, 2 and 3, occurring in the Fallopian tube and uterus,
QUESTION 3
are
QP:magnified.
Nov 2010 P1 3.1
3.1 The diagram below shows part of the female reproductive system. Structures
B to G and processes 1, 2 and 3, occurring in the Fallopian tube and uterus,
G
are magnified.
3 G
F 3
F
2
1
1
E B
E B
D
D
C
C
A A
3.1.1
29.1 Label
3.1.1 C and D. C and D.
Label (2) (2)
29.2
3.1.2 State
3.1.2 whichState
processes are taking
which processes areplace
takingatplace
1, 2 at
and1, 3 respectively.
2 and 3 respectively. (3) (3)
3.1.3
29.3 3.1.3 howState
State manyhowchromosomes
many chromosomes are present
are present in thein following
the following
structures: structures:
(a) E (1)
(a) E (1)
(b) Each cell of structure G (1)
(b) Each cell of structure G (1)
3.1.4 Draw an enlarged labelled diagram of structure F to show its
3.1.4
29.4 Draw an enlarged
details. labelled diagram of structure F to show its (5)
details. (5)
3.1.5 State TWO functions of fluid A. (2)
29.5
3.1.5 State TWO functions of fluid A. (2)
3.1.6 Structure B transports substances to and from the foetus.
29.6
3.1.6 Structure B(a)transports
Name ONEsubstances to and from
useful substance the foetus.
transported to the foetus. (1)
(a) Name(b)
ONE useful
Name ONEsubstance transported
waste product to the
transported foetus.
from the foetus. (1) (1)
(16)
Copyright(b) Name ONE waste product transported from the foetus.
reserved (1)
Please turn over
(16)
57
NSC
Question 30 3 3
NSC
QP: Feb 2012 P2 1.4

1.4 The diagram
1.4 below represents
The diagram belowthe events leading
represents to the
the events development
leading of the of the
to the development
foetus in the human uterus.
foetus in the human uterus.
4 4
3 3
4
4
2 2
2
2
5 5
5
5
1 1 6 6
1 6
Part of thePart of the
female female reproductive
reproductive systemvarious
system showing showing various
stages in stages in
Part ofthe the
1thedevelopmentdevelopment
of asystem
female reproductive of a foetus
foetusshowing
6 various stages in
the development of a foetus
Part of the female reproductive system showing various stages in
the development of a foetus
Identify theIdentify thethe
following:
Identify following:
following:
1.4.1
30.1 1.4.11.4.1
Part labelledPart1 labelled
Part labelled 1
Identify the following:
1.4.2
1.4.2
30.2 1.4.2labelled
Cell 2 labelled 22
CellCell labelled
1.4.3 1.4.3 CellCell labelled 33
1.4.3
30.3
1.4.1 Cell
Partlabelled
labelled
1.4.4 1 labelled
3Structure labelled 4
1.4.4
30.4
1.4.2 1.4.4
Structure
Cell1.4.5 Structure
labelled
labelled 4 labelled
2Part labelled 5 4
1.4.3
30.5
1.4.5 1.4.5
Cell1.4.6
Part labelledPart
labelled 35 labelled
Fluid labelled56 (6)
1.4.4
30.6
1.4.6 1.4.6
Structure
Fluid Fluid6 labelled
labelled
labelled 4 6 (6) (
1.4.5 Part labelled 5 TOTAL SECTION A: 50
1.4.6 Fluid labelled 6 (6)
TOTAL SECTION
TOTAL SECTION A: 50 A:
TOTAL SECTION A: 50

pyright reserved
Copyright reserved
Please turn over
Please turn over
58
Life Sciences/P2 (Version 1) (Full-time) 12 DBE/November 2012
NSC
3 Question
The 31 below represents a developing foetus in a human body.
diagram
QP: Nov 2012, P2 2.3
2.3 The diagram below represents a developing foetus in a human body.
V
V
Z W
Z W
X
X
Y
Y
31.1
2.3.1 Identify
2.3.1 the parts labelled:
Identify the parts labelled:
(a) X (a) X (1) (1)
(b) Y (b) Y (1) (1)
2.3.2
31.2 2.3.2ONE function
State State ONE function
of the fluid of the fluidZ.labelled Z.
labelled (1) (1)
2.3.3
31.3 2.3.3 howExplain
Explain how
the part the part
labelled V labelled V is structurally
is structurally suited to suited to perform
perform its its
function during the process
function during the process of birth. of birth. (2) (2)
2.3.4 2.3.4 TWOName

Name TWO insystems
systems in thebody
the baby's baby'sthatbody
takethat taketheover the
over
31.4
functions of part W once the baby is born. (2)
functions of part W once the baby is born. (2)
2.3.5 Explain what prevents another ovum from being produced while
2.3.5
31.5 Explain what theprevents another ovum
foetus is developing from being
in a human body. produced while (2)
the foetus is developing in a human body. (2) (9)
(9)
2.4 Describe how the human skin maintains the core body temperature on a day
4 Describe howwhen
the the
human skin maintains
environmental the core
temperature body temperature
is around 40 °C. on a day (5)
when the environmental temperature is around 40 °C. (5) [30
[30]
Copyright reserved
59 Please turn over

NSC
Question 32
fe Sciences/P2 8 DBE/November 2013
QP: Nov 2013 P2 1.5 NSC
1.5 Study the diagram below.
.5 Study the diagram below.
A
A B
B C
C D
D E
E
F
F
Match the structures (A to F) with the descriptions (1.5.1 to 1.5.5) below, for
Matchthe
Match example (A
the structures
structures 1.5.6
to G.
to F)
F) A letter
with
withthe may be used
thedescriptions
descriptions(32.1more than
to 32.5)
(1.5.1 to once,
below,
1.5.5) or
fornot
below, forat all. 32.6
example
G. A letter
example mayG.
1.5.6 beAused
lettermore
may than once,
be used or not
more at all.
than once, or not at all.
1.5.1 Where gaseous exchange occurs between the mother and
1.5.1
32.1 Where gaseous the foetus
exchange occurs between the mother and
the foetus (1)
1.5.2 Removes excretory products from the foetus
32.2
1.5.2 Removes excretory products from the foetus (1)
1.5.3 Contains strong muscles which will push the foetus out during birth
1.5.3
32.3 Contains strong muscles which will push the foetus out during birth (1)
1.5.4 Clamped and cut after the baby is born
32.4
1.5.4 Clamped and cut after the baby is born (1)
1.5.5 Acts as a shock absorber for the developing foetus
32.5
1.5.5 Acts as a shock absorber for the developing foetus (1)
(5)
TOTAL SECTION A:
TOTAL SECTION A: 50
60
Life Sciences/P1
NSC 11 DBE/November 2017
NSC
Question 33
.4 QP: diagram
The Nov 2017below
P1 2.4represents a developing foetus in a human body.
2.4 The diagram below represents a developing foetus in a human body.
A
A
B
B
D
D
C C
2.4.1
33.1 Identify: Identify:
2.4.1
(a) A (a) A (1) (1)
(b) C (b) C (1) (1)
2.4.2
33.2 2.4.2 State
State TWO TWO functions
functions of the
of the fluid fluid B.
in part in part B. (2) (2)
2.4.3
33.3 2.4.3
Name ONE Name ONE in
system system in the body
the baby's baby'sthat
body thatover
takes takesthe
over the function
function
of part Dofonce
part the
D once
babythe baby is born.
is born. (1) (1)
2.4.4
33.4 2.4.4
Explain Explain ONE negative
ONE negative impact impact on development
on foetal foetal development
if part ifDpart
is D is
reduced reduced significantly.
significantly. (2) (2)
(7) (7)
[40] [40]
61

fe Sciences/P1 14 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2018
Life Sciences/P1 NSC 14 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2018
NSC
Question 34
.4 QP:diagram
The Feb 2018below
P1 3.4represents the relationship between the blood system of
3.4 Theand
the foetus diagram
that ofbelow represents
the mother. Thethe relationship
arrows between
indicate the blood
the direction system of
of blood
theblood
flow in the foetusvessels.
and that of the mother. The arrows indicate the direction of blood
flow in the blood vessels.
Blood vessel A of Blood vessel B of

Blood vessel A of
the mother Blood vessel B of
the mother the mother
the mother
Blood space/
Blood space/
Sinuses of the
Sinuses of the
mother
mother
Placenta
Placenta
Blood vessel
Blood Dvessel D BloodBlood
vessel C C
vessel
of the foetus
of the foetus of theoffoetus
the foetus
Umbilical cord cord
Umbilical
Foetus
Foetus
34.1
3.4.1 Apart from playing a role in the diffusion of substances from the
3.4.1 Apart from playing a role in the diffusion of substances from the
mother's blood to the foetus' blood, and vice versa, state TWO
mother's blood
other to theoffoetus'
functions blood, and vice versa, state TWO
the placenta. (2)
other functions of the placenta. (2)
3.4.2 Blood vessel D is an artery.
3.4.2
34.2 Blood vessel D is an artery.
Tabulate TWO differences between the composition of blood found
Tabulatein TWO
blood differences
vessel C andbetween
blood foundthe composition
in blood vessel of D.
blood found (5)
in blood vessel C and blood found in blood vessel D. (5)
3.4.3 Explain ONE consequence for the foetus if blood vessel D
3.4.3
34.3 Explainbecomes
ONE consequence for the
blocked preventing bloodfoetus
flow. if blood vessel D (2)
becomes blocked preventing blood flow. (2)
3.4.4 If the blood of the mother and the blood of the foetus come into
34.4
3.4.4 contact
If the blood of with
the each another,
mother and theit could
bloodleadof tothe
thefoetus
death come
of the foetus.
into
contact with each another, it could lead to the death of the foetus.
Describe why this would occur. (2)
Describe why this would occur. (2) (11)
(11) [40]
[40]
TOTAL SECTION B: 80
TOTAL SECTION B: 80
62

SECTION C
Question
QUESTION 354
QP: Feb 2015 P1 Q4
The unicellular zygote undergoes many developmental changes until it becomes a
multicellular foetus, nourished and protected by the mother.
Describe the changes that allow the zygote to eventually develop into a foetus and how
this foetus is nourished and protected during the period of pregnancy.
Content: (17)
e Sciences/P1 11 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2016
Life Sciences/P1 11 Synthesis: 2016
DBE/Feb.–Mar. (3)
NSC
NSC
NOTE: NO
Question 36 marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts, diagrams or
tables.P1 2.3
QP: Feb 2016
3 An investigation was conducted to determine the relationship between the
2.3ages of
Anwomen,
investigation was conducted
the number to determine
of pregnancies the and
per month relationship between the
the chances
TOTAL SECTIONofC: 20
ages of women, the number of pregnancies per month and
miscarriages. the TOTAL:
GRAND chances of150
miscarriages.
The results of the investigation are shown in the table below.
The results of the investigation are shown in the table below.
AGES OF PREGNANCIES MISCARRIAGES
AGES OF PREGNANCIES MISCARRIAGES
WOMEN PER MONTH (%)
WOMEN PER MONTH (%)
(%)
(%)
22 25 10
22 25 10
28 24 11
28 24 11
34 18 15
34 18 15
40 6 24
40 6 24
46 2 50
46 2 50
[Adapted from http://www.children.gov.on.ca]
[Adapted from http://www.children.gov.on.ca]
2.3.1
36.1
2.3.1Draw aDraw
line a
graph to show
line graph to the
showrelationship between
the relationship the ages
between of theof the
the ages
womenwomen
and theandpercentage of pregnancies
the percentage per month.
of pregnancies per month. (6) (6)
2.3.2
36.2 2.3.2Describe the relationship
Describe that exists
the relationship between
that exists the ages
between of women
the ages of women
and the chances of them miscarrying.
and the chances of them miscarrying. (2) (2)
2.3.3
36.3 2.3.3According to thetodata
According the obtained,
SCE if there
data obtained, are 12arepregnant
if there women
12 pregnant women
who are 46 years old, how many of them are likely to miscarry?
who are 46 years old, how many of them are likely to miscarry?
Show Show
ALL working.
ALL working. (2) (2)
SECTION C (10) (10)
Question
QUESTION37 4
QP: J 2018 P1 Q4
Protection, nourishment and gaseous exchange are important requirements for the
successful development of an embryo.
Describe how gaseous exchange and the nourishment of the embryo occur in an
Copyright
amnioticreserved
egg and how gaseous exchange and nourishment as well as protection of the
foetus occur in humans.
Content: (17)
Synthesis: (3)
NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of a table, flow charts or
diagrams.
63
TOTAL SECTION C: 20
GRAND TOTAL: 150
GENETICS
Question 1
1.1 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only
the term next to the question number.
1.1.1 A genetic cross involving two characteristics at a time
1.1.2 The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes that brings about
variation
1.1.3 All the genes in all the chromosomes of a particular species
1.1.4 An allele that is not shown/expressed in the phenotype when found in the
heterozygous condition.
1.1.5 An allele that is always expressed in the phenotype
1.1.6 The position of a gene on a chromosome
1.1.7 The process by which genetically identical organisms are formed using biotechnology
1.1.8 A segment of a chromosome that codes for a particular characteristic
1.1.9 Type of inheritance where none of the two alleles is dominant over the other and an
intermediate phenotype is produced
1.1.10 An individual having two non-identical alleles for a characteristic
1.1.11 Alternative forms of a gene in the same position on homologous chromosomes
1.1.12 The process of finding a desirable gene, isolating it and then moving it into the cells of
another organism
1.1.13 The type of inheritance involving alleles that equally determine the phenotype of
heterozygous offspring
1.1.14 Organisms having two identical alleles at a given locus
1.1.15 A genetic cross involving one characteristic only
Question 2
QP: Feb/Mar 2012 P1 Q 2.3
2.1
64
Question 3
QP: May/Jun 2015 P2 Q 2.3
3.1
Question 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
65
Question 5
QP: Nov 2017 P2 Q 1.4
66
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
67
Question 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
68
Question 7
7.1
Question 8
8.1
8.2
8.3 8.2
8.4
69
Question 9
QP: Nov 2012 P1 Q 3.1
70
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
71
Question 10
QP: Nov 2018 P2 Q 2.2
10.1
10.2
72
Question 11
11.1
11.2
11.3
Question 12
12.1
73
Question 13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
74
Question 14
14.1
14.2
14.3
Question 15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
75
Question 16
16.1
16.2
16.3
76
Question 17
QP: Nov 2018 P2 Q 2.4
17.1
17.2 17.1
17.3
17.4
77
Question 18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
78
Question 19
QP: Nov 2012 P1 Q 2.3
19.1
19.2
19. 1
19.3 19.2
19.4
Question 20
20.1
20.2
79
Question 21
QP: Nov 2018 P2 Q 2.3
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
Question 22
QP: Nov 2012 P1 Q 3.3
22.1
22.2
80
Question 23
81
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
Question 24
QP: Nov 2015 P2 Q 2.3
82
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
24.6
24.7
24.8
83
Question 25
QP: Nov 2017 P2 Q 2.3
25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
84
Question 26
26.1
26.2
26.3
Question 27
27.1
27.2
27.3 27.2
85
NERVOUS CO-ORDINATION
Question 1
QP: Nov 2015 P1 Q 2.4
1.1
1.2
86
Question 2
QP Feb-March 2018 P1 Q 3.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
87
Question 3
QP: Nov 2016 P1 Q3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
88
Question 4
QP: Nov 2017; P1; Q1.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
89
Question 5
QP: May/June 2018 Q1.4
5.1
5.2
5.3
90
Question 6
QP: Nov 2013 P2 Q 2.1
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
91
Question 7
QP: March 2016 P1 Q1.5
7.1
7.2
7.3
92
Question 8
QP: May/June 2017 P1 Q1.4
8.1
8.2
93
Question 9
QP: Nov 2018; P1; Q3.2
9.1
9.2
9.1
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
94
Question 10
QP: NOV 2014 P1 Q.1.4
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
95
Question 11
QP: JUNE/JULY 2015 P1 Q 1.4
11.1
11.2
96
Question 12
QP: NOV 2015 P1 Q1.4
12.1
12.2
12.3
97
Question 13
QP: May/June 2016 P1 Q 2.3
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
98
Question 14
QP: NOV 2011 version 2 full time P2 Q.2.2
14.1
14.1 (a)
14.2
99
Question 15
QP: Feb/March 2018 P1 Q 2.3
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
100
Question 16
QP: Feb/March 2012 version1 P2 Q.2
16.1
16.2
16.3
101
Question 17
QP: Feb/March 2013 version 1 full time P2 Q4
17.1
17.2
17.3 17.2
17.4
17.5
102
Question 18
QP: Feb/March 2014 P2 Q 2.3
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.3.
18.5
103
Question 19
QP: Nov 2018 P1 Q 2.4
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
104
Question 20
QP: Feb/March 2016 P1 Q 2
20.1
20.2
20.3
105
Question 21
QP Nov 2017 P1 Q 3.4
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
106
Question 22
QP: Nov 2014 P1 Q 4 ( essay)
107
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Question 1
QP: Feb/Mar 2012 P2 Q 4.2 (version 1)
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
108
Question 2
QP: May/June 2018 P1 Q 3.2
2.1
2.2 2.1
Question 3
QP: Nov 2018 P1 Q 1.5
109
3.1
3.2
3.3
Question 4
QP: May/June 2015 Q 3.3
110
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.3
Question 5
QP: Nov 2014 Q 3.4
111
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Question 6
QP: Nov 2013 P2 Q 4.2
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.4
6.2
112
Question 7
113
HOMEOSTASIS
Question 1
QP: Nov 2017 P1 Q1.5
Study the flow diagram below.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
114
Question 2
QP: June 2018 P1 Q3.3
Question 3
QP: May/June 2018 P1
115
3.1
(a)
(b)
(c )
(d)
3.2
Question 4
QP: May/June 2016 3.1
116
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Question 5
QP: Nov. 2014 P1 3.3
5.1
5.2
5.1.
5.3
117
Question 6
QP: Feb/March 2018 Q4
118
PLANT HORMONES
Question 1
QP: NOV 2018 – P1 – Q.3.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
119
Question 2
QP: NOV 2017 – P1 – Q.3.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
120
Question 3
QP: NOV 2015 – P1 – Q1.5
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.4
3.3
3.5
121
Question 4
QP: MAY/JUNE 2017 – P1 – 3.3
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
122
Question 5
QP: MAY / JUNE 2018 - P1 - Q.3.5
5.1
5.2
5.3
123
5.4
Question 6
QP: NOV 2014 – P1 – Q 2.3
124
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
125
Question 7
QP: FEB / MARCH 2015 – P1 – Q.3.4
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
126
Question 8
QP: MARCH 2017 – P1 – Q3.1
8.1
8.2
8.3
127
Question 9
QP: JUNE 2015 – P1 – Q3.1
9.1
9.2
9.3
128
Question 10
QP: MARCH 2014 – P2 – Q4.2
10.1
10.2
129
Question 11
QP: FEBRUARY 2018 - P1 - Q.3.2
130
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
Question 12
QP: MAY / JUNE 2016 – P1 – Q3.2
131
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
Question 13
QP: FEB – P1 – 2016 – Q4
Plants and animals are both able to sense and respond to light. Explain how plant stems
respond to unilateral light and describe the path taken by light through the human eye until it is
converted into an impulse. Content: (17)
Synthesis: (3)
132
EVOLUTION
Question 1
QP: May – June 2016 P2, Q 3.2
1.1
Question 2
QP: March 2012 P2, Q 2.1
2.1
Question 3
QP: March 2009 P2, Q 2.3
3.1
Question 4
QP: March 2009 P2, Q 2.1
133
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.2
Question 5
QP: Nov 2008 P2, Q 2.3
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.3
134
Question 6
QP: Dec 2010 P2, Q 3.4
6.1
6.2 6.1
135
Question 7
QP: Nov 2008 P2, Q 2.2
7.1
7.2
7.3
136
Question 8
QP: Feb – March 2018 P2, Q 3.2
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
137
Question 9
QP: Feb – March 2016 P2, Q 4
Question 10
QP: Feb- March 2015 P2, Q 4
138
Question 11
QP: May – June 2016 P2, Q 2.4
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
139
Question 12
QP: May – June 2017 P2, Q 2.4
140
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
141
Question 13
QP: Feb March 2018 P2, Q 3.4
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
142
Question 14
QP: Nov 2016 P2, Q 3.2
143
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
Question 15
QP: May – June 2018 P2, Q 4
144
Question 16
QP: Nov 2017 P 2, Q 2.2
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
145
Question 17
QP: Nov 2017 P2, Q 3.2
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.3.
17.4
17.5
17.6
Question 18
QP: May – June 2017 P2, Q 4
146
HUMAN EVOLUTION
Question 19
QP: Feb/Mar 2016; P2; Q3.4
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.2 19.4
147
Question 20
QP: May/June 2017; P2; Q1.4
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
148
Question 21
21.1
21.2
21.1
3.1
21.3 21.2
21.4
Question 22
22.1
22.2
22.3
149
Question 23
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
150
Question 24
QP: Feb/Mar 2018;P2; Q1.8
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
151
Question 25
QP: Feb/Mar 2015 P2 Q3.4
25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
152
Question 26
QP: Nov 2017; P2; Q3.1
26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
26.5
26.6
153
Question 27
QP: Feb/March 2017; P2; Q2.1
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
154
Question 28
QP: May /June 2018; P2; Q1.5
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.5
155
Question 29
QP: Feb/Mar 2013; P1 Ver1,Q3.1
29.1
29.2
29.3
156
Question 30
QP: Feb/Mar 2016; P2; Q3.2
30.1
30.2
30.1
.
30.3 30.2
30.1
.
30.4
30.1
.
Question 31
QP: Nov 2016; P2; Q4
Question 32
QP: Nov 2013;P1;Q4.3
157

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PROVINCE OF KWAZULU-NATAL

STEP AHEAD PROGRAM

7. Endocrine System 108

9. Plant Hormones 119

10. Evolution 133

Draw a line graph

QUESTION 13.4 (a) will have on the resulting protein.

(c) Codons (1)

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2.1 Embryo is nourished with yolk found in the egg A: Ovipary

6.1 Identify the membrane label E (1)

6.2 Give ONE function of part labelled E. (1)

6.3 Identify the LETTER only representing the membrane that :

(a) Protects the embryo during development. (1)

Human male reproductive system Human sperm cell

2.1.2 State ONE function each of C and F, respectively. (2)

(b)2.1.6 During a vasectomy, part B is surgically cut.

(c) Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.1.6

The structure of the male reproductive system

(a) The (a)

(b) The (b)

TOTAL SECTION A: 50A:

(a) A (a) A (1) (1)

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(a) (a) cells

(b) (b) 2 Cell 2

EXERCISE AND SPERM

Research was conducted

The results showedshowed

7.1 2.1.1 Identify

Give the LETTER and NAME of:

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1.4.2 The part that plays a role during copulation (2)

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3.1.1 Label structures A, B and C. (3)

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Write the LETTER (A–H) and NAME of the part:

Male reproductive system Female reproductive system

2.1.1 Identify parts A, B and F respectively. (3)

(a) The fluid produced by part C (1)

(b) Part E (1)

(a) Male reproductive system (1)

(b) Female reproductive system (1)

(a) Male reproductive system (1)

(b) Female reproductive system (1)

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(a) (a) Hormone

(b) (b) Process

ExplainExplain the implications of this for the:

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Growth of follicleof follicle

2.3.1 On which day does ovulation take place? (1)

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small increase in body temperature.

36,5 Changes in body in

Changes in the level of oestrogen and progesterone

2.2.1 The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones. Name ONE

Progesterone levels in a woman's blood

Progesterone level (ng/mℓ)

2.1.1 Name TWO structures responsible for producing progesterone