SOLUTIONS

- Pure substances are rare in everyday life; most encountered substances are mixtures.
- The composition of mixtures determines their utility and importance.
- Examples include:
- Brass (copper and zinc mixture)
- German silver (copper, zinc, and nickel mixture)
- Bronze (copper and tin mixture)

- Concentration matters:
- 1 ppm of fluoride ions prevents tooth decay, while 1.5 ppm causes tooth mottling.
- High fluoride ion concentrations can be poisonous.
- Intravenous injections match ionic concentrations with blood plasma.

1. Which type of solution is formed when oxygen is dissolved in water?

a) Gas-Gas
b) Liquid-Gas
c) Gas-Liquid
d) Liquid-Liquid

2. Which common example represents a solid solution?

a) Amalgam of mercury with sodium
b) Mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gases
c) Ethanol dissolved in water
d) Glucose dissolved in water

3. What type of solution is formed when camphor is dissolved in nitrogen gas?

a) Gas-Gas
b) Liquid-Gas
c) Solid-Gas
d) Liquid-Liquid

4. Brass is a mixture of which two metals?

 a) Copper and zinc
b) Copper and tin
c) Copper, zinc, and nickel
d) Zinc and tin

5. What is the role of sodium fluoride in rat poison?

a) Prevents tooth decay
b) Causes tooth decay
c) Acts as a solvent
d) It is poisonous

6. Which concentration of fluoride ions in water prevents tooth decay?

a) 1 part per million (ppm)
b) 1.5 ppm
c) 2 ppm
d) 3 ppm

7. What type of solution is formed when hydrogen is dissolved in palladium?

a) Gas-Solid
b) Liquid-Solid
c) Solid-Gas
d) Solid-Solid

8. Intravenous injections are dissolved in water containing salts at concentrations matching

which bodily fluid?
a) Urine
b) Blood plasma
c) Cerebrospinal fluid
d) Saliva

9. German silver is a mixture of which metals?

a) Copper and zinc
b) Copper, zinc, and nickel
c) Copper and tin
d) Zinc and tin

10. What type of solution is formed when chloroform is mixed with nitrogen gas?
a) Gas-Gas
b) Liquid-Gas
c) Gas-Liquid
d) Liquid-Liquid

11. In a binary solution, which component typically determines the physical state of the
solution?
a) Solvent
b) Solute
c) Catalyst
d) Impurity
12. What defines a homogeneous mixture?
a) Variable composition throughout
b) Uniform composition and properties
c) Presence of multiple phases
d) High solute concentration

13. In a binary solution, what is the term for the component present in the largest quantity?
a) Solute
b) Solvent
c) Diluent
d) Concentrate